Petroleum products, which are required to keep the 'wheels' of industry and commerce turning, are distributed from the various refineries to their destinations throughout the country on a daily basis and the mode and extent of transportation or conveyance of these products is varied. This distribution activity predominantly takes place by means of road tanker, pipeline as well as rail tanker and quantities during transit could vary from a few hundred litres to many thousands of litres per trip. Road tanker transportation is considered to be the most vulnerable form of distribution means and this poses a high risk in terms of the potential for being involved in an accident. The risk potential associated with the road transportation of these fuels, from an environmental point of view, is aggravated due to: *The conveyance of bulk loads, *non-roadworthiness of many vehicles, *inconsistency in vehicle condition checking systems and in the application of *safety systems, *poor road conditions, *driver fatigue, *hi-jacking threats, *the level of incompetence or unsuitability of drivers, *the inconsistency in driver training programs, *the vulnerability of the tankers being subject to collision and accidents. The potential exists for road tankers involved in accidents to leak or spill large quantities of petroleum products which in turn could result in catastrophic environmental consequences (such as leaking large quantities of fuel into sewers, plantations, rivers and streams thus causing much ground and water pollution). Also, during an accident the fuel leaking from a road tanker may ignite causing it to burn for several hours before it is finally brought under control and extinguished. This may result in much air pollution as well as damage to the surrounding ecological systems. Subsequent explosions could further result in severe loss of life and associated fires which in turn could cause more environmental degradation and damage. For the purpose of this dissertation, focus was specifically placed on the introduction of internal company control measures that a "supplier” company (such as Natref (Pty) Ltd) could implement to check whether petroleum product distributors are complying with predetermined criteria aimed at reducing the potential for accidents involving road tankers. The measuring of how these controls have an effect in the bigger scheme of things in terms of reducing accidents and environmental degradation was very difficult to determine because it was not possible to extract from the distributors how many of their vehicles were actually involved in incidents during the study period. As a result it was not possible to determine whether the improved control measures had an effect on the number of accidents incurred by the vehicles that were effected by the improved application of the standards. The study thus focused primarily on the effect that the implementation of an inspection system could have in progressively reducing the number of defects found on road tankers wanting to gain access to Natrefs site as well as measuring whether an improvement in compliance to standards actually took place. This study was conducted over a period of 22 months and involved the development and implementation of a new procedure and training course, implementation of an inspection checklist, improved reporting methods as well as improved the overall environmental awareness of the employees involved in the checking and inspection process. It is however assumed that the implementation and ongoing enforcement of the company standards has assisted in contributing towards minimising the potential for pollution exposures arising from accidents and in so doing minimising environmental degradation to a larger or lesser extent. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Petroleum products, which are required to keep the 'wheels' of industry and commerce turning, are distributed from the various refineries to their destinations throughout the country on a daily basis and the mode and extent of transportation or conveyance of these products is varied. This distribution activity predominantly takes place by means of road tanker, pipeline as well as rail tanker and quantities during transit could vary from a few hundred litres to many thousands of litres per trip. Road tanker transportation is considered to be the most vulnerable form of distribution means and this poses a high risk in terms of the potential for being involved in an accident. The risk potential associated with the road transportation of these fuels, from an environmental point of view, is aggravated due to: *The conveyance of bulk loads, *non-roadworthiness of many vehicles, *inconsistency in vehicle condition checking systems and in the application of *safety systems, *poor road conditions, *driver fatigue, *hi-jacking threats, *the level of incompetence or unsuitability of drivers, *the inconsistency in driver training programs, *the vulnerability of the tankers being subject to collision and accidents. The potential exists for road tankers involved in accidents to leak or spill large quantities of petroleum products which in turn could result in catastrophic environmental consequences (such as leaking large quantities of fuel into sewers, plantations, rivers and streams thus causing much ground and water pollution). Also, during an accident the fuel leaking from a road tanker may ignite causing it to burn for several hours before it is finally brought under control and extinguished. This may result in much air pollution as well as damage to the surrounding ecological systems. Subsequent explosions could further result in severe loss of life and associated fires which in turn could cause more environmental degradation and damage. For the purpose of this dissertation, focus was specifically placed on the introduction of internal company control measures that a "supplier” company (such as Natref (Pty) Ltd) could implement to check whether petroleum product distributors are complying with predetermined criteria aimed at reducing the potential for accidents involving road tankers. The measuring of how these controls have an effect in the bigger scheme of things in terms of reducing accidents and environmental degradation was very difficult to determine because it was not possible to extract from the distributors how many of their vehicles were actually involved in incidents during the study period. As a result it was not possible to determine whether the improved control measures had an effect on the number of accidents incurred by the vehicles that were effected by the improved application of the standards. The study thus focused primarily on the effect that the implementation of an inspection system could have in progressively reducing the number of defects found on road tankers wanting to gain access to Natrefs site as well as measuring whether an improvement in compliance to standards actually took place. This study was conducted over a period of 22 months and involved the development and implementation of a new procedure and training course, implementation of an inspection checklist, improved reporting methods as well as improved the overall environmental awareness of the employees involved in the checking and inspection process. It is however assumed that the implementation and ongoing enforcement of the company standards has assisted in contributing towards minimising the potential for pollution exposures arising from accidents and in so doing minimising environmental degradation to a larger or lesser extent. / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Darbo tikslas – Įvertinti ar Kauno miesto triukšmo valdymo politika ir taikytos priemonės 2006 – 2013 m. buvo įgyvendintos pakankamai efektyviai, kad apsaugotų gyventojus nuo triukšmo. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti triukšmo taršos pokytį Kauno mieste 2006 – 2013 m. 2. Įvertinti Kauno miesto savivaldybės triukšmo valdymo politikos veiksmų ir taikytų priemonių efektyvumą 2006 – 2013 m. Darbo metodai. Teisinių ir operatyvinių dokumentų (vykdytų priemonių planai, Kauno miesto gyventojų skundai, valstybinio audito ataskaitos ir kt.) bei Lietuvos Respublikos ir Europos Sąjungos teisės aktų analizė, pusiau struktūruotas interviu. Antrinių duomenų analizės pagalba išanalizuotas triukšmo pokytis Kauno mieste 2006 – 2013 m. ir įgyvendintų triukšmą mažinančių priemonių efektyvumas. Nustačius esmines problemas ir kompetencijas Kauno miesto savivaldybėje, buvo parengtas pusiau struktūruoto ekspertinio interviu klausimynas, kurio pagalba apklausti specifinės srities ekspertai, darbe tiesiogiai susiduriantys su triukšmo valdymo politikos įgyvendinimu, dirbantys Kauno miesto savivaldybės administracijoje. Rezultatai. Pagrindinė Kauno miesto savivaldybės triukšmo valdymo politikos problema – nepakankamas vietos valdžios dėmesys triukšmo taršai, ši sritis nėra prioritetinė savivaldybės politikos sritis, neįtraukta į Kauno miesto savivaldybės strateginį veiklos planą. 2006 – 2013 m. Kauno miesto savivaldybė triukšmo valdymo įgyvendinimo politikai skyrė 112 tūkst. Lt., 100... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of this thesis – to evaluate noise control politics implementation and used measures performance in Kaunas city during the year of 2006 – 2013 in order to ensure healthy environment without noise pollution. Main objectives: 1. To analyze the alteration of noise pollution in Kaunas city in 2006 – 2013 2. To evaluate performance of noise control politics and used measures in municipality of Kaunas city in 2006 – 2013 Work methods. This thesis is based on analysis of European Union and Lithuanian legislation acts, operational documents (strategic planning documents, complaints of the citizens, reports of national audit, etc.). Also a qualitative research method of semi structured interview was used in this thesis. The interview was based on communication (certain questionnaire) with experts who are directly working on noise politics implementation in municipality of Kaunas city. Results and conclusions. The goal of this thesis was reached by combining research of science sources what helped to structure and highlight the main problems such as low level supervision of municipality policy from national governance institutions, no strategic approach to the noise control politics in municipality of Kaunas city, ineffectively used (or even unused) donations. The interview with experts empowered to analyze the situation from the inside of the organization and it showed that noise pollution control in not a subject of priority in municipality of Kaunas city. Inability to... [to full text]

The topic of my thesis deals with the proposal of erosion control measures in a model comprehensive landscaping project. Literature research is used to explanation of basic terms, to familiarization with problems of land adjustment, water erosion and erosion control measures, but also with laws and regulations. The second part is dedicated to the proposal of erosion control measures. In program ArcGIS have been identifited 16 drainpaths, for which have been calculated surface drain and proposal erosion control measures. The results are processed into clearly tables.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte2.pdf: 1283524 bytes, checksum: 82414a2866e0921004f86255c205b056 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The urban floods are constituted one of the most important impacts on the society. Those impacts could happen due to the urbanization or to the natural flood of the riverside area. In the current context, several prevention and protection measures against urban floods are adopted, in general, measures of corrective character. The measures can be structural (when they modify the fluvial system and reduce risks of flood damages) and non-structural (a better coexistence of the population with the floods). This project has as main aim the elaboration of a plan of measures that contemplates the prevention aspects against the occupation of the spaces with flood risks, through structural and non-structural measures, associated or not, for the municipal districts located within Mamanguape river basin in Paraíba State, prone to floods since almost all of them occupy the flood plains of the main water courses. Several problems could be associated with the occurrence of those events: inadequate occupation of the river beds; lack of resources for dwelling and waste water system; lack of planning for the occupation of the urban space; and lack of systems for catastrophe alert and for evacuation of the flooded areas. Therefore, it is presented practical and efficient solutions for the best use of the risk areas, which would lead to a better life quality for the urban areas. The effective participation of the public government and the responsible department for the environmental and urban administration in the implementation of a politics of environmental education and elaboration of a management plan that prioritizes the flood control in the urban areas is indispensable / As inundações urbanas constituem-se num dos mais importantes impactos sobre a sociedade. Esses impactos podem ocorrer devido à urbanização ou à inundação natural da várzea ribeirinha. No contexto atual, diversas medidas de prevenção e proteção contra enchentes urbanas são adotadas, em geral, medidas de caráter corretivo. As medidas podem ser estruturais (quando modificam o sistema fluvial evitando os prejuízos decorrentes das enchentes) e não-estruturais (melhor convivência da população com as enchentes). Este projeto tem como abordagem principal a elaboração de um plano de medidas que contemple os aspectos de prevenção contra a ocupação dos espaços de riscos de enchentes, através de medidas estruturais e não-estruturais, associadas ou não, para os municípios localizados na Bacia do Rio Mamanguape/PB, que apresentam tendências a cheias por ocuparem, na sua maioria, as planícies de inundação de importantes cursos d água. Diversos problemas podem estar associados à ocorrência desses eventos: ocupação inadequada dos leitos dos rios; falta de recursos para moradia e saneamento; falta de planejamento de ocupação do espaço urbano; e inexistência de sistemas de alerta em catástrofes e de planos de desocupação de áreas atingidas. Portanto, são apresentadas soluções práticas e eficientes para o melhor aproveitamento das áreas de risco, o que possibilitará uma melhor qualidade de vida no meio urbano. A participação efetiva do poder público e dos órgãos responsáveis pela gestão ambiental e urbana na implementação de uma política de educação ambiental e na elaboração de um plano diretor que priorize o controle de inundação no meio urbano deve ser imprescindível

A gestação, o parto e o puerpério são saberes especiais no universo da mulher, do parceiro, da família e de sua comunidade. A gestação pode gerar diversos sentimentos, tais como: o de surpresa, o de castigo, o de prêmio, o de motivação para continuar a viver, o de realização de um projeto antigo, o de competição em família, o de problema, o de estorvo, o de descuido ou de irresponsabilidade. Confirmada a gravidez, a mulher, o parceiro e os familiares podem vivenciar diferentes reações diante dessa novidade. A reação inicial depende do desejo e planejamento da gravidez (gestação), podendo ser desejada, planejada, ou acidental, não planejada e, até mesmo indesejada. Gravidez não planejada é toda a gestação que não foi programada pelo casal ou, pelo menos, pela mulher. A sua ocorrência tem impacto importante na oferta de cuidados de pré-natal, na orientação sobre aleitamento materno, no estado nutricional infantil e nas taxas de morbimortalidade materno-infantil. Embora pouco estudada, a gravidez não planejada representa risco aumentado de ansiedade e de depressão, sobretudo no período puerperal. Tendo em vista estes aspectos, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como as gestantes vivenciaram/experienciaram uma gravidez não planejada e suas consequências à vida familiar/conjugal. O estudo baseou-se na metodologia de análise de dados qualitativos, na análise destes dados, utilizou-se a abordagem metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), por meio do software Atlas.ti. A população em estudo foi constituída de gestantes em idade fértil, entre 18 e 49 anos de idade, pois essa faixa etária assegura maioridade às mulheres. Foi utilizada para organizar os dados verbais, entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com 11 gestantes. Partindo dos depoimentos das gestantes copiados no software, a análise dos discursos teve início com a identificação das expressões-chave, nas quais estão contidas as ideias centrais de cada discurso que foram escritas de forma breve e objetiva. Foi evidenciado que as gestantes apresentaram reações iniciais negativas com relação à descoberta da gravidez não planejada, vivenciaram conflitos, devido ao medo de enfrentar a família, o companheiro e os pais. Também ficou evidente que a gravidez não planejada tem como principal consequência a problemática nos níveis biopsicossociais. Evidenciaram altos níveis de ansiedade, estresse e depressão no decurso da gestação. Quanto aos métodos contraceptivos, a maioria estava em uso quando da descoberta da gravidez. Considera-se que este estudo ganha relevância pelo impacto que exerce sobre o bem-estar pessoal, familiar e socioeconômico das mulheres e seus companheiros, em virtude das possíveis gestações não planejadas / Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period are special knowledge in the world of woman\'s partner, family and your community. Pregnancy can cause many feelings, such as: the surprise, the punishment, the premium, the motivation to continue living, the realization of an old design, the competition in the family, the problem of the hindrance, to carelessness or irresponsibility. Confirmed pregnancy, the woman, her partner and family members may experience different reactions to this news. The initial reaction depends on the planning and desire of pregnancy (gestation), and may be desired, planned or accidental, unplanned and even unwanted. Unplanned pregnancy is any pregnancy that was not planned by the couple, or at least the woman. Its occurrence has important impact on the provision of prenatal care, the guidance on breastfeeding, the nutritional status and rates of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Although little studied, unplanned pregnancy is increased risk of anxiety and depression, especially in the postpartum period. Considering these aspects, the aim of this study was to understand how pregnant women experienced / experienced an unplanned pregnancy and its consequences for family life / marriage. The study was based on the methodology of qualitative data analysis, the analysis of these data, we used the methodological approach of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD), using the software Atlas.ti. The study population consisted of pregnant women of childbearing age, between 18 and 49 years of age, because this age ensures age women. Was used to organize the verbal data, semi-structured interviews conducted with 11 pregnant women. Based on the testimonies of the women copied the software, discourse analysis began with the identification of key expressions, in which are contained the main ideas of a speech that was written briefly and objectively. It was shown that pregnant women had initial negative reactions regarding the discovery of unplanned pregnancy, experienced conflict due to fear of facing the family, spouse, and parents. It was also evident that unplanned pregnancy is mainly due to problematic levels biopsychosocial. Showed high levels of anxiety, stress and depression during pregnancy. As for contraception, the majority was in use when the discovery of the pregnancy. It is considered that this study becomes relevant for the impact it has on the well -being, family and socioeconomic status of women and their partners, because of possible unintended pregnancies

This diploma thesis deals with design of soil erosion control measures and flood control measures in the cadastral area of Palkovice. The request for construction came from the village Palkovice. It sits at the foothills of Beskydy with a very sloping terrain. In addition, there are larger soil complexes without any erosion control measures, which leads to degradation and reduction of soil yields. The introduction summarizes desired objectives. Then thesis deals with the description and analysis of the current state of the village and its solution. The solution of technical measures is depicted in the situation and elaborated in more detail. The drawings are enclosed in attachment. The conclusion summarizes the content of the work, achieved goals and benefits.

This thesis deals with the river basin flood protection Loučka. The goal of the thesis is to assess the need of flood control measures supplement in the watershed. The first part deals with exploration of river basin, acquiring geographic factors and obtaining information about the topic, establishment and application of rainfall model used for solving the problem. The second part deals with improving of flood protection at critical selected places by using design of reservoir system with retention effect and by increasing river basin capacity. For basin schematisation was used ArcGIS program and the simulation of rainfall-runoff process was made by Hydrog program.

No description available.

The theme of the work is the creation of the characteristics of the erozních and drainage conditions in the cadastral territory of the commune and the subsequent proposal Kujavy erosion control measures. Analysis of erozion ratios was processed using GIS method of the grid. Characteristics of runoff ratios was carried out for major service area of the critical points (SPKB) using model DesQ and numbers of the CN. In the design of erosion control measures was drawn up in the economic evaluation.