Submitted by Kennya Rozy Real Martins null (kennyarozy@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-31T17:11:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Kennya salvo em 31 de janeiro.pdf: 1210286 bytes, checksum: 611f6375e7f42a8a6ef312a503039507 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabel Pereira de Matos null (isabel@fmva.unesp.br) on 2018-01-31T17:55:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_krr_me_araca_int.pdf: 1210286 bytes, checksum: 611f6375e7f42a8a6ef312a503039507 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T17:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_krr_me_araca_int.pdf: 1210286 bytes, checksum: 611f6375e7f42a8a6ef312a503039507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-09 / Outra / A leishmaniose visceral (LV), doença que acomete o cão e o homem, é causada por um protozoário intracelular do gênero Leishmania. Esta zoonose ocorre em mais de 88 países, ocasionando aproximadamente 300 mil novos casos anualmente no mundo todo. O Brasil ainda encontra dificuldades para que o controle da LV seja alcançado de forma eficiente de forma a evitar que esta enfermidade amplie sua distribuição. Transmitida por flebótomos, essa zoonose dissemina-se com mais facilidade em locais propícios à manutenção do vetor, sendo o Lutzomiya longipalpis o mais frequente no Brasil. O cão é o principal reservatório urbano da LV, sendo também acometido por esta doença. Além da presença de cães infectados muitos fatores estão relacionados à ocorrência de LV em áreas urbanas, como acúmulo de lixo, saneamento básico precário e presença de matéria orgânica no peridomicílio, que assim contribuem para a manutenção do vetor. Dessa forma, o controle da leishmaniose visceral em cães se faz necessário, seja por meio de medidas individuais ou coletivas, diminuindo assim sua participação no ciclo epidemiológico da LV. A identificação de fatores de risco que possam estar ligados à ocorrência de LV nos cães é fundamental para um controle mais efetivo desta zoonose / Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disease that affects the dog and the man is caused by an intracellular protozoan of the Leishmania genus. This zoonosis occurs in more than 88 countries, resulting in approximately 300,000 new cases annually worldwide. Brazil still finds difficulties on controlling VL in an efficient way to avoid the disease spread. Transmitted by sandflies, this zoonosis is disseminated in areas suitable to maintain the vector, with Lutzomiya longipalpis being the most frequent vector in Brazil. The dog is its main urban reservoir, which is also affected by this disease. Besides the presence of the infected dogs many factors are related to the occurrence of VL in urban areas such as litter accumulation, precarious basic sanitation and the presence of organic matter in the peridomicile, thus contributing to the maintenance of the vector. The control of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs is necessary, either by individual or by collective measures, in order to reduce their participation in the VL epidemiological cycle.

In the Czech Republic, about 50 per cent of agricultural land is affected by water erosion that adversely influences soil productivity and the environment. That´s why the goal of this work was an evaluation of soil erosion danger in an arbitrary area. And secondly, if high erosion danger found, there was a task to make a proposal of suitable erosion control measures. The chosen area is called Hosín, located northly close to České Budějovice. There were fifteen profiles found in the area which are most likely to be in a danger of increased water erosion. These fifteen profiles were proved by two different methods of soil erosion evaluation. The RUSLE method - revised universal soil loss equation, and SMODERP {--} a simulation model of overland flow and erosion processes. SMODERP method showed all the proved profiles beeing not in a high erosion danger. Which means no erosion control measures are needed. The result gained by the RUSLE method was: by more than one third of examined slopes the estimate average annual soil loss raises above the limits. In this case the erosion control measures are necessary. Four different possibilities were proposed, the final one was combination of two erosion control measures {--} mulching and using a vegetative stabilization while the soil is uncovered. This kind of control measure was found to be the best one because of its low financial costs and easy implementation. On the other hand this control measure doesn´t restrict the farmer´s choise of the crops kind to grow. An objective comparison of the different results gained of the two methods wasn´t possible because of different enter data.

A major consequence of contamination at the local level’s population as it relates to environmental health and environmental engineering is childhood lead poisoning. Environmental contamination is one of the pressing environmental concerns facing the world today. Current approaches often focus on large contaminated industrial size sites that are designated by regulatory agencies for site remediation. Prior to this study, there were no known published studies conducted at the local and smaller scale, such as neighborhoods, where often much of the contamination is present to remediate. An environmental health study of local lead-poisoning data in Liberty City, Little Haiti and eastern Little Havana in Miami-Dade County, Florida accounted for a disproportionately high number of the county’s reported childhood lead poisoning cases. An engineering system was developed and designed for a comprehensive risk management methodology that is distinctively applicable to the geographical and environmental conditions of Miami-Dade County, Florida. Furthermore, a scientific approach for interpreting environmental health concerns, while involving detailed environmental engineering control measures and methods for site remediation in contained media was developed for implementation. Test samples were obtained from residents and sites in those specific communities in Miami-Dade County, Florida (Gasana and Chamorro 2002). Currently lead does not have an Oral Assessment, Inhalation Assessment, and Oral Slope Factor; variables that are required to run a quantitative risk assessment. However, various institutional controls from federal agencies’ standards and regulation for contaminated lead in media yield adequate maximum concentration limits (MCLs). For this study an MCL of .0015 (mg/L) was used. A risk management approach concerning contaminated media involving lead demonstrates that the linkage of environmental health and environmental engineering can yield a feasible solution.

The subject of this master thesis is an integrated flood protection proposal in cadastral territory Jerlochovice and Fulnek. Area of interest is highly affected by soil loss caused by torrential rainfalls. Implemented measures are based on analysis results. The softwares used for analysis were ArcGIS, DesQ-MaxQ and USLE method for soil loss calculation. The final step was control erosion analysis which verified the implemented measures. The final analysis clearly shows the obvious reduction of erosion affection in the area.

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13547号 / 論農博第2912号 / 新制||農||1101(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5428(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大村 和香子, 教授 井鷺 裕司, 教授 今井 友也 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

The main subject of this diploma thesis is a study of a suggestion of environmentally friendly adjustments in the basin of Jičínka, working as preventive protection against floods. The study contains a research of the stated area using the method of CN-curves in the hydrological model DesQ-MaxQ and the principle of Wischmeier-Smith's equation, in modicication of ArcGIS programme. Based on the analysis, the work suggests an improvement of erosive and drain ratios and then an assessment of effectiveness of the protection. We get the assessment of the effectiveness by comparing the condition of the erosive wash and the surface drain before and after implementation of our measures. The work also sets its goal in calculating the financial returnability of the investition indicatively.

Bakgrunn: Clostridium difficile(CD)er antatt å være den utløsende årsak for 20-30 % av tilfeller med antibiotikaassosiert diaré. CD er den vanligste formen for helsetjenesteervervet diaré, og forår-saker økt sykelighet og dødelighet, samt økte kostnader for helsetjenesten. Desiste tiår er det rappor-tert om endringeri epidemiologien, forårsaket av en ny CD stamme, ribotype 027. Den spres lettere, lager mer alvorlig sykdom og tilbakefall. I Norge har denne stammen til nå ikke vært noe problem. Forekomsten kan reduseres ved en tydelig antibiotikapolitikk, og etterlevelse av anbefalte smitte-verntiltakfor å forebygge CD. Hensikt: Finne ut hvilke smitteverntiltak helsepersonell i sykehuset velger ved håndtering av pasien-ter med CD, og hvor de henter kunnskap om slike smitteverntiltak fra. Metode: En retrospektiv tverrsnittsstudie med spørreskjema til helsepersonell ble gjennomførtvåren og høsten 2011 i Sørlandet sykehus HF (SSHF), sør i Norge. Resultat: 168 helsepersonell deltok i undersøkelsen, fordelt på 59 leger og 109 pleiere. Svarprosen-ten var 94. Antibiotikarestriksjoner sier 94 % av medisinerne og 38 % av kirurgene atde har i sine avdelinger(x²=10.756, p&lt;0.001). Stetoskop brukt i isolat med CD pasienter sier 25 % legerat de spritdesinfiserer og tar med, mens 6 % pleiere sier det samme (x²=22.273, p&lt;0.001). 73 % av leger og 64 % pleiere sier at de både desinfiserer og vasker hendene etter kontakt med CD pasient (x²=6.451, p=0.011). Pasientinformasjon om viktigheten av håndhygiene sier 8 % leger og 36 % pleiere at de alltid gir (p&lt;0.001). Desinfeksjonsmiddel til bruk etter en CD pasient, sier 48 % medi-sinske pleiere og 43 % kirurgiske pleiere at de velgerVirkon (feil). Infeksjonskontroll-programmet (IKP) som kunnskapskilde brukes av 14 % leger og 46 % pleiere, (p&lt;0.001). Kunnskap om smitte-verntiltak ved CD sier 63 % legerog 72 % pleiere at de får fra kolleger. Konklusjon: Helsepersonell har generell kunnskap om smitteverntiltak, men mangler spesifikk kunnskap om smitteverntiltak ved CD. For å møte utfordringen med nye mer spredningspotente CD stammer, må etterlevelsen av smitteverntiltak øke. IKPalene, synes ikke å være tilstrekkelig for å holde helsepersonelloppdatert. Den manglende spesifikke kunnskapen om smitteverntiltak ved CD kan utsette pasienter i sykehuset for smitterisiko / Background: Clostridium difficile(CD) causes 20 %–30 % of all nosocomial infectious diarrhea, resulting in significant morbidity and increasing healthcare costs. Good antibiotic stewardship reduc-es the incidence of CD, andcompliance with infection control measures limits its spread. In recent years, ribotype 027, a new strain of CD, caused several disease outbreaks. Ribotype 027 spreads more easily and increases disease severity and relapse. Thus far, ribotype 027 has caused few prob-lems in Norway. Objective: This thesis aimed to determine whether hospital-based healthcare professionals comply with recommended infection control measures for CD prevention and identify how they learn about such measures. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional survey and questionnaire was performed among healthcare professionals at Sørlandet Hospital, Norway,during the spring and fall of 2011. Results: Survey participants included 168 health professionals (59 physicians and 109 nurses). The response rate was 94 %. Medical doctors (94 %) and surgeons (38 %) said that their clinics impose antibiotic restrictions (x ² = 10.756, p&lt; 0.001). After contact with a CD patient, physicians and nurs-es (73 % and 64 %, respectively) said they disinfect and wash their hands (x ²= 6.451, p&lt; 0.011). Notably, only 8% of physicians and 36 % of nurses always give patients information about the im-portance of hand hygiene (p&lt; 0.001). Even 25 % of physicians and 6 % of nurses reported using ethanol (does not eliminated CD spores) to disinfect stethoscopes before leaving a CD isolation room (x ² = 22.273, p&lt; 0.001). Medical and surgical nurses (48 % and 43 %, respectively) incorrectly used Virkon as a disinfectant in the CD patient’s room. Physicians and nurses (63 % and 72 %, respective-ly) mainly obtain knowledge about infection control measures from colleagues, compared to physi-cians and nurses (14 % and 46 % , respectively) who gain such knowledge from the hospital’s infec-tion control program (p&lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals have some knowledge about infection control measures, but lack knowledge specific to limiting the spread of CD. Increased compliance with infection control measures is crucial to meeting the challenge of new and more potent strainsof CD. Guidelines alone are likely insufficient to keep healthcare professionals up to date. The lack of specific knowledge about infection control measures for CD may expose hospitalized patients to CD infection / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-69-0</p>

A gestação, o parto e o puerpério são saberes especiais no universo da mulher, do parceiro, da família e de sua comunidade. A gestação pode gerar diversos sentimentos, tais como: o de surpresa, o de castigo, o de prêmio, o de motivação para continuar a viver, o de realização de um projeto antigo, o de competição em família, o de problema, o de estorvo, o de descuido ou de irresponsabilidade. Confirmada a gravidez, a mulher, o parceiro e os familiares podem vivenciar diferentes reações diante dessa novidade. A reação inicial depende do desejo e planejamento da gravidez (gestação), podendo ser desejada, planejada, ou acidental, não planejada e, até mesmo indesejada. Gravidez não planejada é toda a gestação que não foi programada pelo casal ou, pelo menos, pela mulher. A sua ocorrência tem impacto importante na oferta de cuidados de pré-natal, na orientação sobre aleitamento materno, no estado nutricional infantil e nas taxas de morbimortalidade materno-infantil. Embora pouco estudada, a gravidez não planejada representa risco aumentado de ansiedade e de depressão, sobretudo no período puerperal. Tendo em vista estes aspectos, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como as gestantes vivenciaram/experienciaram uma gravidez não planejada e suas consequências à vida familiar/conjugal. O estudo baseou-se na metodologia de análise de dados qualitativos, na análise destes dados, utilizou-se a abordagem metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), por meio do software Atlas.ti. A população em estudo foi constituída de gestantes em idade fértil, entre 18 e 49 anos de idade, pois essa faixa etária assegura maioridade às mulheres. Foi utilizada para organizar os dados verbais, entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com 11 gestantes. Partindo dos depoimentos das gestantes copiados no software, a análise dos discursos teve início com a identificação das expressões-chave, nas quais estão contidas as ideias centrais de cada discurso que foram escritas de forma breve e objetiva. Foi evidenciado que as gestantes apresentaram reações iniciais negativas com relação à descoberta da gravidez não planejada, vivenciaram conflitos, devido ao medo de enfrentar a família, o companheiro e os pais. Também ficou evidente que a gravidez não planejada tem como principal consequência a problemática nos níveis biopsicossociais. Evidenciaram altos níveis de ansiedade, estresse e depressão no decurso da gestação. Quanto aos métodos contraceptivos, a maioria estava em uso quando da descoberta da gravidez. Considera-se que este estudo ganha relevância pelo impacto que exerce sobre o bem-estar pessoal, familiar e socioeconômico das mulheres e seus companheiros, em virtude das possíveis gestações não planejadas / Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period are special knowledge in the world of woman\'s partner, family and your community. Pregnancy can cause many feelings, such as: the surprise, the punishment, the premium, the motivation to continue living, the realization of an old design, the competition in the family, the problem of the hindrance, to carelessness or irresponsibility. Confirmed pregnancy, the woman, her partner and family members may experience different reactions to this news. The initial reaction depends on the planning and desire of pregnancy (gestation), and may be desired, planned or accidental, unplanned and even unwanted. Unplanned pregnancy is any pregnancy that was not planned by the couple, or at least the woman. Its occurrence has important impact on the provision of prenatal care, the guidance on breastfeeding, the nutritional status and rates of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Although little studied, unplanned pregnancy is increased risk of anxiety and depression, especially in the postpartum period. Considering these aspects, the aim of this study was to understand how pregnant women experienced / experienced an unplanned pregnancy and its consequences for family life / marriage. The study was based on the methodology of qualitative data analysis, the analysis of these data, we used the methodological approach of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD), using the software Atlas.ti. The study population consisted of pregnant women of childbearing age, between 18 and 49 years of age, because this age ensures age women. Was used to organize the verbal data, semi-structured interviews conducted with 11 pregnant women. Based on the testimonies of the women copied the software, discourse analysis began with the identification of key expressions, in which are contained the main ideas of a speech that was written briefly and objectively. It was shown that pregnant women had initial negative reactions regarding the discovery of unplanned pregnancy, experienced conflict due to fear of facing the family, spouse, and parents. It was also evident that unplanned pregnancy is mainly due to problematic levels biopsychosocial. Showed high levels of anxiety, stress and depression during pregnancy. As for contraception, the majority was in use when the discovery of the pregnancy. It is considered that this study becomes relevant for the impact it has on the well -being, family and socioeconomic status of women and their partners, because of possible unintended pregnancies

The Lusushwana River, which is within the Maputo River Basin, forms the western boundary of Matsapha, the most industrialized town in Swaziland. Current findings suggest that the Lusushwana River is polluted by industries within the town. What is not clear is the establishment of an association between the industries and the river quality, the extent of pollution in the river, and whether the river can meet national water quality objectives. Further, literature implies that the pollution causes impacts on the riverine ecosystem, health and livelihoods of the riparian communities; and that environmental monitoring, application and enforcement of legislation are weak. There is therefore a need for a detailed investigation on the pollution of the Lusushwana River to establish whether there is an association between the industries and the river quality; and the health and livelihoods impacts on the riparian communities and riverine ecosystem, with a view to recommending intervention measures to minimize the pollution taking into account social, technical, environmental, financial and institutional factors. The research was carried out at Matsapha, Swaziland. A mixed research methodology was adopted, which enabled the researcher to employ multiple data collection methods, which in turn provided the opportunity for data triangulation and as such enhanced the study‘s rigour, validity and reliability. The research took a deductive approach, and entailed a longitudinal experimental and cross-sectional survey design. Non-probability sampling methods in the form of snowball and purposive sampling were used to select an appropriate and representative sample that can be generalized. Data were collected using technical experiments, biotic index, semi-structured open ended questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. The questionnaires were self administered to 121 riparian communities‘ households, 3 environmental monitoring agencies and 26 proprietors of companies at Matsapha. Additionally, 15 key informants were interviewed. Water and wastewater samples were taken along the Lusushwana River, and at the wastewater treatment plant and industries. Statistical analysis of the data using PASW Statistics and Microsoft Excel led to the various findings from the research. The findings confirm the claim from literature that the anthropogenic activities at Matsapha pollute the Lusushwana River. The evaluation of the Lusushwana River showed microbiological, physical, organic and inorganic pollution to be most acute; but concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium were low. The biotic index showed the absence of macro-invertebrate species (e.g. damselflies) that are highly sensitive to oxygen-depletion pollution. The riparian communities suffer human health impacts, especially diarrhoea and skin problems, and are restricted in meeting their domestic and livelihood water needs by the quality of the Lusushwana River. This study has led to the conclusion that the Lusushwana River is polluted by the anthropogenic companies in the Matsapha industrial estate, but has revealed that there is also pollution upstream of Matsapha. The companies at Matsapha have environmental management procedures that are insufficient or ineffective; environmental awareness, education, monitoring and legislation enforcement is lacking, the riparian communities suffer health and livelihood impacts, and their complaints are not effectively addressed. Therefore the study recommends that effective monitoring, legislation enforcement, and collaboration of all stakeholders should be used to achieve effective wastewater management and to minimize pollution of the Lusushwana River and the associated impacts. The empirical findings of the study regarding the pollution of the Lusushwana River and its impacts on the riparian communities, as well as the need for effective monitoring, enforcement of legislation and collaboration of the stakeholders contribute to professional knowledge, academic research, policy and practice. Potential areas recommended for further research include studies on assessment of companies that need pre-treatment in order to minimize environmentally significant discharges into the Lusushwana River; and on how much pollution the river can receive and still meet national water quality objectives.