No description available.

The limits of directional drilling continue to be pushed back as horizontal or near-horizontal reservoir sections are being drilled, cased, cemented and completed to tap reserves at extreme distances. Continuous development of new technology and adopting a technical-limit approach to performance delivery are key elements for the success and further development of extended-reach drilling projects. For this study a two-phase well control simulator was used to evaluate different kick scenarios that are likely to occur in extended-reach wells. An extensive simulation study covering a vide range of variables has been performed. Based on this investigation together with a literature review, well-control procedures have been developed for extended-reach wells. The most important procedures are as follows: Perform a "hard" shut-in when a kick is detected and confirmed. Record the pressures and pit gain, and start to circulate immediately using the Driller's Method. Start circulating with a high kill rate to remove the gas from the horizontal section. Slow down the kill circulation rate to 1/2 to 1/3 of normal drilling rate when the choke pressure starts to increase rapidly. The simulator has been used to validate the procedures.

No description available.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise dos processos erosivos existentes e da evolução das feições erosivas das cabeceiras da bacia do córrego do Tucum em São Pedro/SP, desde 1962 até os dias atuais, assim como das várias técnicas de controle aplicadas na área. Dentro do contexto do estudo procurou-se analisar os fatores que influenciaram na formação destas feições por meio de: fotointerpretação, ensaios de caracterização básica dos solos, erodibilidade e cisalhamento direto; trabalho de campo para mapeamento dos materiais geológicos, cadastro das feições, uso e ocupação e ensaios de infiltração. As feições existentes na área foram enquadrados em três estágios evolutivos, assim caracterizados como: 1º Estágio - feições pré 1962, 2º Estágio - feições 1962-1988 e 3º Estágio - feições 1988-2003. Os resultados de estudos de campo e laboratorial permitiram classificar os materiais inconsolidados como arenosos e foram individualizados em 15 tipos, que foram agrupados em 14 unidades em função do arranjo espacial dos tipos. Estes materiais apresentaram-se muito permeáveis (K \'APROXIMADAMENTE IGUAL A\' \'10 POT.-3\' cm/s), com alta erodibilidade, com ângulo de atrito 23 a 25º, coesão 11 a 18 kPa, CTC baixa e superfície específica menor que 20 \'M POT.2\'/g. Com base nos resultados obtidos verificou-se que atualmente a área ainda encontra-se com processos erosivos ativos e novas feições têm sido instaladas, apesar das várias tentativas de controle, que em muitos casos foram subdimencionadas. Este estudo concluiu, também, que o conhecimento dos aspectos pertinentes aos materiais inconsolidados, a declividade, landforms, uso e ocupação e índices pluviométricos são fundamentais para compreensão da evolução dos processos, que combinados com o conhecimento das técnicas de controle já utilizadas, proporcionam a formulação de medidas preventivas, de controle e recuperação mais adequadas. / This work presents an analysis of the erosive processes and their evolution in the head part of the córrego do Tucum basin, since 1962 until nowadays, as well as of the erosion control procedures used in the area. This study is based on several kinds of works, such as: photointerpretation, laboratorial tests (basic geotechnical, erodibility, direct shear test) and field works for geological materials mapping, erosion features inventory, assessment of uses and occupation types and infiltration tests. The erosion features were classified into 3 groups: first, before 1962, second between 1962 and 1988 and third between 1988 and 2003. The results obtained from laboratorial and field works permitted to define 15 unconsolidated materials types arranged into 14 spatial units. These materials are very sandy, presenting high permeability (k \'APROXIMADAMENTE IGUAL A\' \'10 POT.-3\' cm/s), high erodibility index, cohesion between 11 and 18 kPa, angle of internal friction varying between 23 and 25º, low cationic exchange capacity and specific surface less than 20 \'M POT.2\'/g. It was observed in the area active erosion features as well as new erosion features, despite of several tentative of control. But most part of the control procedures were inadequate due to absence of adequate geological and geotechnical studies. This work permitted to conclude that information about unconsolidated material, slopes, landforms, rainfall and uses and occupation types are the main point to design adequate erosion control procedures.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise dos processos erosivos existentes e da evolução das feições erosivas das cabeceiras da bacia do córrego do Tucum em São Pedro/SP, desde 1962 até os dias atuais, assim como das várias técnicas de controle aplicadas na área. Dentro do contexto do estudo procurou-se analisar os fatores que influenciaram na formação destas feições por meio de: fotointerpretação, ensaios de caracterização básica dos solos, erodibilidade e cisalhamento direto; trabalho de campo para mapeamento dos materiais geológicos, cadastro das feições, uso e ocupação e ensaios de infiltração. As feições existentes na área foram enquadrados em três estágios evolutivos, assim caracterizados como: 1º Estágio - feições pré 1962, 2º Estágio - feições 1962-1988 e 3º Estágio - feições 1988-2003. Os resultados de estudos de campo e laboratorial permitiram classificar os materiais inconsolidados como arenosos e foram individualizados em 15 tipos, que foram agrupados em 14 unidades em função do arranjo espacial dos tipos. Estes materiais apresentaram-se muito permeáveis (K \'APROXIMADAMENTE IGUAL A\' \'10 POT.-3\' cm/s), com alta erodibilidade, com ângulo de atrito 23 a 25º, coesão 11 a 18 kPa, CTC baixa e superfície específica menor que 20 \'M POT.2\'/g. Com base nos resultados obtidos verificou-se que atualmente a área ainda encontra-se com processos erosivos ativos e novas feições têm sido instaladas, apesar das várias tentativas de controle, que em muitos casos foram subdimencionadas. Este estudo concluiu, também, que o conhecimento dos aspectos pertinentes aos materiais inconsolidados, a declividade, landforms, uso e ocupação e índices pluviométricos são fundamentais para compreensão da evolução dos processos, que combinados com o conhecimento das técnicas de controle já utilizadas, proporcionam a formulação de medidas preventivas, de controle e recuperação mais adequadas. / This work presents an analysis of the erosive processes and their evolution in the head part of the córrego do Tucum basin, since 1962 until nowadays, as well as of the erosion control procedures used in the area. This study is based on several kinds of works, such as: photointerpretation, laboratorial tests (basic geotechnical, erodibility, direct shear test) and field works for geological materials mapping, erosion features inventory, assessment of uses and occupation types and infiltration tests. The erosion features were classified into 3 groups: first, before 1962, second between 1962 and 1988 and third between 1988 and 2003. The results obtained from laboratorial and field works permitted to define 15 unconsolidated materials types arranged into 14 spatial units. These materials are very sandy, presenting high permeability (k \'APROXIMADAMENTE IGUAL A\' \'10 POT.-3\' cm/s), high erodibility index, cohesion between 11 and 18 kPa, angle of internal friction varying between 23 and 25º, low cationic exchange capacity and specific surface less than 20 \'M POT.2\'/g. It was observed in the area active erosion features as well as new erosion features, despite of several tentative of control. But most part of the control procedures were inadequate due to absence of adequate geological and geotechnical studies. This work permitted to conclude that information about unconsolidated material, slopes, landforms, rainfall and uses and occupation types are the main point to design adequate erosion control procedures.

The aim of this thesis is acquaintance with the EPS system of LTE and IMS subsystem. The thesis is aimed on analysis of the control procedures related to operations between the terminal and the packet core network of the fourth generation such as logging into the system, user authentication, change the viewing area, handover and disconnection from the network.

Le déficit des finances sociales a légitimé le développement d’un arsenal de lutte contre la fraude. La répression pénale traditionnelle, hétérogène et peu mobilisée, s’articule désormais avec une nouvelle répression administrative. Leur complémentarité offre une réponse proportionnée à la gravité des manquements constatés, sans sacrifice des droits des usagers grâce à l’emprise des principes du droit punitif. Les moyens de détection des organismes sont également adaptés pour appréhender la diversité des situations frauduleuses. Les organismes de recouvrement comme les organismes prestataires sont impliqués. Progressivement, les prérogatives générales de contrôle des acteurs convergent et sont renforcées, parfois au détriment des garanties des usagers. À ce titre, le droit du contrôle URSSAF devrait servir de modèle. Les croisements d’informations sont multipliés pour permettre une détection des fraudes et emporter, plus largement, une modernisation du fonctionnement des organismes conciliable avec les droits des usagers. Ce droit de la lutte contre la fraude est avant tout commandé par un souci de protection des finances sociales. Pour autant, la protection des ressources et les droits usagers pourraient, sous la vigilance des juges, ne plus être opposés, au prix de quelques évolutions. En particulier, une définition unitaire de la fraude sociale paraît nécessaire puisque la sécurité juridique des usagers et la cohérence du dispositif en dépendent / The profound deficit of social finance has legitimised the development of an arsenal against fraud. Traditional penal sanctions, which are partially harnessed, now interact with administrative sanctions. Their complementarity offers a proportionate response. This diversification of enforcement policy does not however bring into question the rights of users due to the influence of the principles of punitive law. The social security bodies’ means of detection are also suited to handling the variety of fraudulent situations. Debt recovery agencies as well as social security bodies providing services are involved. The provider bodies now assume their part in the monitoring of the issuing of benefits. Controls are indeed no longer just for debt recovery agencies. Gradually, the general prerogatives of controls have converged and have been reinforced, sometimes to the detriment of the guarantees of users .The legislative tools in favor of cross-referencing information have multipled to increase the means of detection. If in particular they pose legal bases that are useful in detecting network frauds, they also entail, on a wider scale, a modernisation of the functioning of the organisations that is compatible with the rights of users. Ultimately, at the cost of a few developments, ressource protection and user rights may, under the supervision of judges, no longer be opposed. In the meantime, they are reconcilable, if not completely reconciled. In particular, a single definition is necessary since the legal security of users and consistency of the mechanism depends upon it