A problemática fundamental desta pesquisa reside no fato de que o arcabouço teórico em que se assenta a Controladoria não está consolidado, visto que a literatura apresenta divergência entre os autores e não se sabe até que ponto a realidade da Controladoria tem explicado tal arcabouço teórico. Assim, o que se fez neste trabalho foi: (i) sistematizar o conhecimento sobre Controladoria num arcabouço teórico denominado Estrutura Conceitual Básica de Controladoria (ECBC) e (ii) investigar a realidade das práticas de Controladoria das 100 (cem) maiores empresas privadas que operam no Brasil. Verificou-se se, e em que medida, os elementos que integram esta estrutura conceitual refletem as práticas de Controladoria das empresas investigadas. Assim, o estudo desenvolveu um exercício científico formal, crítico, organizando e sistematizando uma estrutura empírico-teórica que ajude a consolidar a Controladoria como ciência. Tendo como elementos metodológicos predominantes a pesquisa de campo e o método dialético, a pesquisa realizada é de natureza empírico-teórica e utilizouse de uma abordagem quantitativa para o estudo de um evento qualitativo, abordagem esta que compreendeu a estatística descritiva e a técnica estatística de análise multivariada denominada Análise de Cluster. No que diz respeito aos achados da pesquisa, o primeiro é que se conseguiu sistematizar a ECBC em três perspectivas: (i) como ramo do conhecimento (aspectos conceituais), (ii) como conjunto de atividades, funções e artefatos (aspectos procedimentais) e (iii) como órgão do sistema formal organizacional das entidades (aspectos organizacionais). O segundo achado é que as práticas de Controladoria observadas permitiram organizar quatro diferentes clusters. Finalmente, os resultados evidenciam que, na prática, as empresas utilizam diferentes maneiras de organizar as atividades de Controladoria, o que permite concluir que os elementos que formam a ECBC refletem, parcialmente, as práticas de Controladoria das empresas investigadas. / The fundamentals of this research rest on the fact that the theoretical frame upon which Controllership lies are not consolidated, for literature on the matter holds disagreements among authors and it is not clear how much the real world of Controllership has explained such frame. Thus, this thesis specifically aimed at: (i) systematizing the knowledge about Controllership into a theoretical structure named Basic Conceptual Structure of Controllership (Estrutura Conceitual Básica de Controladoria - ECBC); and (ii) investigating the reality of practices of Controllership in the top hundred private enterprises operating in Brazil. There was then an attempt at verifying whether and how far the elements comprised in this set of concepts reflect the Controllership practices of the companies researched. Thus, the study developed a formal and critical scientific exercise aimed at organizing and systematizing an empirical - theoretical structure to help consolidate Controllership as a science in its own right. Making use of field research and the dialectical method as the predominant methodological tools, the research carried out is empirical ? theoretical in nature, and uses the quantitative approach to study a qualitative event. The approach comprised descriptive statistics and the statistical technique of multi-varied analysis named Cluster Analysis. As far as the findings go, it was first possible to organize the ECBC under three perspectives: (i) as a field of knowledge (conceptual aspects); (ii) as a set of activities, functions and tools (procedural aspects), and (iii) as a component of the formal organizational system of enterprises (organizational aspects). The second finding accounts for the fact that the Controllership practices observed made it possible to categorize companies into four distinctive clusters. Lastly, results show that, in practice, enterprises use different ways of organizing Controllership activities, which allows us to conclude that the elements that constitute ECBC partially reflect the Controllership practices of the companies investigated.

A problemática fundamental desta pesquisa reside no fato de que o arcabouço teórico em que se assenta a Controladoria não está consolidado, visto que a literatura apresenta divergência entre os autores e não se sabe até que ponto a realidade da Controladoria tem explicado tal arcabouço teórico. Assim, o que se fez neste trabalho foi: (i) sistematizar o conhecimento sobre Controladoria num arcabouço teórico denominado Estrutura Conceitual Básica de Controladoria (ECBC) e (ii) investigar a realidade das práticas de Controladoria das 100 (cem) maiores empresas privadas que operam no Brasil. Verificou-se se, e em que medida, os elementos que integram esta estrutura conceitual refletem as práticas de Controladoria das empresas investigadas. Assim, o estudo desenvolveu um exercício científico formal, crítico, organizando e sistematizando uma estrutura empírico-teórica que ajude a consolidar a Controladoria como ciência. Tendo como elementos metodológicos predominantes a pesquisa de campo e o método dialético, a pesquisa realizada é de natureza empírico-teórica e utilizouse de uma abordagem quantitativa para o estudo de um evento qualitativo, abordagem esta que compreendeu a estatística descritiva e a técnica estatística de análise multivariada denominada Análise de Cluster. No que diz respeito aos achados da pesquisa, o primeiro é que se conseguiu sistematizar a ECBC em três perspectivas: (i) como ramo do conhecimento (aspectos conceituais), (ii) como conjunto de atividades, funções e artefatos (aspectos procedimentais) e (iii) como órgão do sistema formal organizacional das entidades (aspectos organizacionais). O segundo achado é que as práticas de Controladoria observadas permitiram organizar quatro diferentes clusters. Finalmente, os resultados evidenciam que, na prática, as empresas utilizam diferentes maneiras de organizar as atividades de Controladoria, o que permite concluir que os elementos que formam a ECBC refletem, parcialmente, as práticas de Controladoria das empresas investigadas. / The fundamentals of this research rest on the fact that the theoretical frame upon which Controllership lies are not consolidated, for literature on the matter holds disagreements among authors and it is not clear how much the real world of Controllership has explained such frame. Thus, this thesis specifically aimed at: (i) systematizing the knowledge about Controllership into a theoretical structure named Basic Conceptual Structure of Controllership (Estrutura Conceitual Básica de Controladoria - ECBC); and (ii) investigating the reality of practices of Controllership in the top hundred private enterprises operating in Brazil. There was then an attempt at verifying whether and how far the elements comprised in this set of concepts reflect the Controllership practices of the companies researched. Thus, the study developed a formal and critical scientific exercise aimed at organizing and systematizing an empirical - theoretical structure to help consolidate Controllership as a science in its own right. Making use of field research and the dialectical method as the predominant methodological tools, the research carried out is empirical ? theoretical in nature, and uses the quantitative approach to study a qualitative event. The approach comprised descriptive statistics and the statistical technique of multi-varied analysis named Cluster Analysis. As far as the findings go, it was first possible to organize the ECBC under three perspectives: (i) as a field of knowledge (conceptual aspects); (ii) as a set of activities, functions and tools (procedural aspects), and (iii) as a component of the formal organizational system of enterprises (organizational aspects). The second finding accounts for the fact that the Controllership practices observed made it possible to categorize companies into four distinctive clusters. Lastly, results show that, in practice, enterprises use different ways of organizing Controllership activities, which allows us to conclude that the elements that constitute ECBC partially reflect the Controllership practices of the companies investigated.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Eskişehir İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi, 1978. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-116).

M.Comm. / The main purpose or primary objective of this study is to develop an audit approach model by analysing the changes in management practices since the start of the development of the basic modern audit approach. These changes in management practice will challenge the basic assumptions in the present audit approach. Finally, the changed basic assumptions will form the building blocks of the new audit approach model. The secondary purpose is to place the principles of control as it is expected of management, into perspective against those prevalent 30 years ago. study the external audit product in terms of input and deliverables. open the debate between business and external auditors on the "control expectancy gap".

The topic of my diploma thesis is controlling. The first part is theoretical where I describe the history, meaning and functions of controlling. After that I also specify the methods of strategical, operational and cost controlling. The practical part applied method of controlling to the selected company. The aim of this study is to determine the benefits of controlling for the company. At the operational level it describes the process of controlling in the firm and there are given suggestions for its improvement. At the level of financial controlling it was analyzed indicators of financial analysis. As part of strategic controlling I prepared SWOT analysis with the purpose of finding the best strategy for the firm. At the end I will summarize the results of my thesis and I will point out the necessity of having the controlling established in company.

The objective of this research report was to determine which internal controls are perceived, by internal auditors, to be contributing to the effectiveness of an internal control structure. The Committee for Sponsoring Organisations (COSO) integrated internal control framework was used as a basis for the questionnaire construction and respondents were asked to rate the perceived control effectiveness of each of the components of internal control. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the basic meaning of the data. The questionnaire was completed by following a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) which was sent to two internal auditors in audit firms. Thirty one responses were obtained; all the respondents have experience in the evaluation and assessment of internal control systems. This research showed that control elements as outlined in COSOs integrated internal control framework, if implemented, could contribute to the effectiveness of the internal control system.

M.Com. (International Accounting) / The definition of control and the non-consolidation of special purpose entities in group annual financial statements became a topic of concern and focus to investors, securities exchange regulators and accounting professionals after the global financial crisis. The global financial crisis began in 2007 and was caused in part, by investors not being able to access reliable information about the risk levels of entities in which they had invested. Organisations from around the world began to focus on financial reporting and auditing standards in order to determine how the crisis had occurred and how it could be prevented in the future. The focus has highlighted the definition of control, which would determine whether an entity would be consolidated into a group of companies or not, and the disclosure of the decisions, judgements and assumptions made by management when determining whether to consolidate an entity. Stakeholders have pushed for a framework for consolidation to ensure that entities would not be able to hide poorly performing investments and be able to easily determine the risks that the group is exposed to as a result of management’s investment policies. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has responded to the requirements of stakeholders and the critiques of the previous definitions of control by releasing International Financial Reporting Standard 10: Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10) in 2011, which prescribes the latest definition thereof. The research study will establish the historical international development of the definition of control in various accounting contexts as prescribed by the IASB and its predecessors. The definition of control as prescribed by other financial reporting standards will be analysed, but as IFRS 10 is the first financial reporting standard to be released with a significantly different definition, it will form the main focus of the study. Definitions and opinions as stated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) will be assessed for comparability and context. The study will assess whether the latest definition of control is considered to be complete and sufficient to apply to all situations where the question of control has to be evaluated. A qualitative research design in a critical framework has been adopted for this research. The research traces the origins of the definition of control and makes a critical assessment of each definition prescribed by the IASB and its predecessors. The research is structured in chapters dedicated to specific decades, which detail the definition prescribed at the time, the reasons for any changes to definitions prescribed in previous periods and an assessment thereof. This research has found that the IASB’s definition of control has changed significantly over the past 60 years, the most significant change being the way in which control relating to investments in other entities has been defined. The IASB has moved away from the concept of control being based on majority share ownership, to a definition based on risk and reward exposure and the decision making capabilities of the investor. IFRS 10 is effective for companies with a financial year beginning on or after 01 January 2013 and the effects of the new definition of control have yet to be analysed. The definition of an asset has followed suit, and is no longer based on the property rights to an asset, but is rather based on flows of economic benefits to an entity with the latest working definition being ii based on control. The new definition of an asset is in line with the objective of the IASB to create a principles-based financial reporting framework, rather than a rules-based framework which prescribes the required accounting methods for assets and investments. The new definition of an asset is currently a working definition contained in an exposure draft, the purpose being to allow users of IFRS to comment until the cut off date in 2014. Once formal feedback has been considered, the IASB will determine whether the new definition of assets should be adopted or not. The Conceptual Framework within which the new definition is to be contained forms the base on which all other financial reporting standards are structured and other exposure drafts have been released. All the new definitions of control that have been released in new financial reporting standards, exposure drafts and discussion papers are more in line with a decision making framework for control rather than a rules-based or risks and rewards framework. These are however limited to the financial reporting standard in which they have been released, and are not interchangeable or applicable to other types of transactions. The IASB has not released any statements which indicate that the development of a universally applicable definition of control is a priority or an objective at this time.

A origem da controladoria no Brasil está relacionada a instalação das primeiras empresas multinacionais norte-americanas no país. Na época a função do profissional da controladoria estava ligada à área financeira ou da contabilidade, devido à habilidade de trabalhar com informações econômico-financeiras, bem como, pelo conhecimento sistêmico da organização. Do surgimento da controladoria no Brasil até os dias atuais, o país passou por grandes transformações, especialmente nos aspectos econômicos e sociais, pois o mundo se globalizou, reduzindo as fronteiras entre os países. Para que o país pudesse se inserir neste contexto globalizado foi necessário que o brasileiro se adaptasse a uma nova forma de fazer negócios a nível mundial. Além do que, para se manterem competitivas, as organizações brasileiras passaram a demandar, cada vez mais melhorias em seus processos e controles. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar como ocorreu a evolução da controladoria no Brasil, através do estudo da sua origem, evolução do perfil, atribuições do controller e identificação das principais atribuições da controladoria no país. Quanto ao método classifica-se esta pesquisa como descritiva, sendo conduzida através de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados demonstram que a evolução da controladoria no Brasil, acompanhou a evolução da controladoria a nível mundial, uma vez que ocorreu a partir das necessidades de informações e controles que acompanharam a evolução natural da economia brasileira. Neste contexto, a controladoria passou a ser um importante player da gestão empresarial, pois auxilia os gestores durante todo o processo decisório a fim, de garantir a eficácia do negócio. Entretanto no campo semântico conclui-se que a controladoria ainda precisa evoluir, pois não existe consenso entre os pesquisadores sobre o que é a controladoria, sobre as suas funções e atribuições. / The origin of controllership in Brazil is connected to the settlement of the first US multinational companies in the country. Back then, the function of a controller was linked to finance or accounting, because of the ability to work with economic and financial pieces of information as well as the systemic knowledge of the company. From the beginning of controllership in Brazil to nowadays the country has gone through major changes, especially economic and social aspects as the world has globalized, reducing the boundaries between countries. For the country to enter this globalized context it was necessary for the Brazilian one to adapt to a new way of doing business globally. Moreover, to remain competitive Brazilian companies began demanding more and more improvements in their processes and controls. Thus, this work aims to show how the evolution of controllership was in Brazil, through the controllership origin study, profile evolution checking and the controller assignments and identifying the main tasks of controllership in the country. As for the method this research is descriptive, driven by bibliographic search. The results show that the evolution of controllership in Brazil followed the global controllership evolution once it occurred from the information requirements and controls that followed natural Brazilian economy evolution. In this context, controllership has become a major player in business management, as it assists managers throughout the decision-making process in order to ensure business effectiveness. However, in the semantic field controllership still needs to evolve as there is no consensus among researchers about what controllership is, on its functions and tasks.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1986.

A origem da controladoria no Brasil está relacionada a instalação das primeiras empresas multinacionais norte-americanas no país. Na época a função do profissional da controladoria estava ligada à área financeira ou da contabilidade, devido à habilidade de trabalhar com informações econômico-financeiras, bem como, pelo conhecimento sistêmico da organização. Do surgimento da controladoria no Brasil até os dias atuais, o país passou por grandes transformações, especialmente nos aspectos econômicos e sociais, pois o mundo se globalizou, reduzindo as fronteiras entre os países. Para que o país pudesse se inserir neste contexto globalizado foi necessário que o brasileiro se adaptasse a uma nova forma de fazer negócios a nível mundial. Além do que, para se manterem competitivas, as organizações brasileiras passaram a demandar, cada vez mais melhorias em seus processos e controles. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar como ocorreu a evolução da controladoria no Brasil, através do estudo da sua origem, evolução do perfil, atribuições do controller e identificação das principais atribuições da controladoria no país. Quanto ao método classifica-se esta pesquisa como descritiva, sendo conduzida através de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados demonstram que a evolução da controladoria no Brasil, acompanhou a evolução da controladoria a nível mundial, uma vez que ocorreu a partir das necessidades de informações e controles que acompanharam a evolução natural da economia brasileira. Neste contexto, a controladoria passou a ser um importante player da gestão empresarial, pois auxilia os gestores durante todo o processo decisório a fim, de garantir a eficácia do negócio. Entretanto no campo semântico conclui-se que a controladoria ainda precisa evoluir, pois não existe consenso entre os pesquisadores sobre o que é a controladoria, sobre as suas funções e atribuições. / The origin of controllership in Brazil is connected to the settlement of the first US multinational companies in the country. Back then, the function of a controller was linked to finance or accounting, because of the ability to work with economic and financial pieces of information as well as the systemic knowledge of the company. From the beginning of controllership in Brazil to nowadays the country has gone through major changes, especially economic and social aspects as the world has globalized, reducing the boundaries between countries. For the country to enter this globalized context it was necessary for the Brazilian one to adapt to a new way of doing business globally. Moreover, to remain competitive Brazilian companies began demanding more and more improvements in their processes and controls. Thus, this work aims to show how the evolution of controllership was in Brazil, through the controllership origin study, profile evolution checking and the controller assignments and identifying the main tasks of controllership in the country. As for the method this research is descriptive, driven by bibliographic search. The results show that the evolution of controllership in Brazil followed the global controllership evolution once it occurred from the information requirements and controls that followed natural Brazilian economy evolution. In this context, controllership has become a major player in business management, as it assists managers throughout the decision-making process in order to ensure business effectiveness. However, in the semantic field controllership still needs to evolve as there is no consensus among researchers about what controllership is, on its functions and tasks.