Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / The intent of this thesis is to conduct a case study on the optimization of blending soft red winter wheat, prior to processing into flour, in order to meet specific solvent retention capacity, SRC, specifications, based on predetermined customer specifications. The thesis will provide the company with a greater understanding of how to effectively manage the customer’s demands, and the costs associated with these activities in order to create greater customer value. If optimizing wheat blends is successful, the company will be able to provide similar SRC information to other customers as a value added service. (Solvent retention capacity) is a test that provides analytical data that measures three specific physical components within soft wheat flour. Traditionally, wheat flour is sold according to moisture, ash, protein content, and basic dough characteristic data; though this information is important, SRC provides specific flour functionality information that will aid customers. SRC examines the: glutenin characteristics of the flour, pentosan content and gliadin characteristics, and the starch damage from the milling process. These values describe the functionality of the flour and provide information regarding the flour’s ability to absorb water during the mixing process and the flour’s ability to release that water during the baking process. SRC quality endpoints include: reduced mixing and baking times, reduced levels of breakage after baking, and greater overall ingredient consistency throughout all the customer’s commercial bakeries. This thesis develops a process that the company may use to meet SRC quality specifications determined by the customer. The company gains customer loyalty by supply a consistent product to the customer. This product in turn yields savings for the customer in the areas of lower water use, shorter baking time and consequently lower energy use.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSAO.pdf: 672747 bytes, checksum: 1063e3b37d65f993463a16f019b61c13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / The processing of apples for the extraction of juice gives origin to a solid residue called apple pomace. This material contains a great amount of fibers, which makes it a good ingredient for the nutritional enrichment of various edible products, mainly because of its positive effects in the prevention or treatment of some diseases, mainly, for its metabolic effect in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this work was to analyze the technological application of apple pomace in expanded edible products and in cookies. The apple pomace was dehydrated and ground. For the dehydrated apple pomace shelf-life estimative, the product was packed in PE film of 60μm and stored at 20, 30 and 40°C temperatures. In the extrusion process, the apple pomace was with ground cornmeal and tested in a single-screw extruder. A 23 Factorial Design was tested and the independent parameters were the moisture contents of the sample (14 and 22 %), the addition of apple pomace (8 and 24 %), and the temperature (85 and 105°C). For the cookie processing, the mass was plated, printed and baked at 200°C. A 23 Factorial Design was tested, and the independent parameters were the addition of apple pomace (10 and 26 %), of fat (17 and 33 %) and of sugar (27 and 43 %). The dependent variables were the expansion, the hardness; the specific volume; the water solubility and absorption and the milk absorption. The apple pomace presented a fiber content that varied of 60 to 75 %. The quality loss of the apple pomace was caused by the darkness and by the development of rancidity flavor due to lipid oxidation. This results suggest that the product stored at 20°C has 11,5 months shelf-life time. In the extrusion process, the physical expansion properties and the specific volume were negatively affected by the temperature, the moisture and the fiber contents. But with the addition of 8% of fiber, and with the other variables at their lowest level, the extruded product presented an expansion and a specific volume comparable to many products that do not contain fiber. The hardness increased as the variables moisture and fiber increased, but decreased when submitted to a higher temperature, which evinced an interaction among these variables. The addition of the fibre in cookies influenced negatively the expansion, however the interaction with the ingredients fat (inferior limit), and sugar (superior limit), allowed to increase the hardness and to reduce the percentage of milk absorption. These characteristics are of interest when a cookie must keep this characteristics of texture, to be consumed immersed in milk. Expanded products and cookies with apple pomace presented a high percentage of dietary fiber. / A fibra dietética apresenta propriedades benéficas na prevenção ou tratamento de várias doenças, principalmente, pelo seu efeito metabólico no trato gastrointestinal. O bagaço de maçã oriundo do processamento de extração do suco apresenta uma grande quantidade de fibras, podendo ser utilizado como matéria-prima, para enriquecimento nutricional de diversos produtos, como os extrusados e os biscoitos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a aptidão tecnológica do bagaço de maçã para aplicação em produtos extrusados e panificados. O bagaço de maçã foi desidratado e triturado. Para a estimativa da vida de prateleira do bagaço de maçã desidratado, o produto foi acondicionado em filme de polietileno de 60 μ,armazenado a temperaturas de 20, 30 e 40°C. No processo de extrusão o bagaço desidratado foi misturado com o fubá e processado em extrusor de rosca única. Foi utilizado um Planejamento Fatorial 23, no qual as variáveis independentes foram a umidade da amostra (14 a 22 %), a adição de bagaço de maçã (8 a 24 %) e temperatura (85 a 105°C). Para o processamento do biscoito a massa foi laminada e estampada com o auxílio de forma circular e assados a 200°C. Neste estudo foi utilizado um Planejamento Fatorial 23, no qual as variáveis independentes foram a adição de bagaço de maçã (10 a 26 %), de gordura (17 a 33 %) e de açúcar (27 a 43 %). As variáveis dependentes consideradas foram a razão de expansão; a dureza; volume específico; absorção de leite e solubilidade e absorção de água. O bagaço de maçã apresentou um teor de fibra que variou de 60 a 75 %. Os fatores limitantes para o prazo de validade do bagaço de maçã desidratado foram o escurecimento e a oxidação dos lipídeos. O aparecimento de odor de ranço e de coloração escura permitiu assegurar um período de 11,5 meses, para as condições do estudo a 20°C. Nos produtos extrusados as propriedades físicas de expansão e de volume específico foram afetadas negativamente pela temperatura, pelo teor de fibra e de umidade. A dureza aumentou com o os maiores níveis das variáveis umidade e fibra, porém diminuiu com a elevação da temperatura. O processo de extrusão aumentou o conteúdo de fibras do produto final, comparado com as matérias-primas e diminuiu o conteúdo de lipídeo. A adição de fibras nos biscoitos influenciou negativamente a expansão, porém a interação com os ingredientes gordura, no seu limite inferior, e açúcar, no seu limite superior, permitiu aumentar a dureza e reduzir a porcentagem de absorção de leite. Os produtos extrusados e panificados foram classificados como de elevado conteúdo de fibras. Com a adição de 8% de fibra, e com as demais variáveis no nível inferior, o produto extrusado obteve uma expansão e um volume específico comparável a muitos produtos isentos de fibra. Os biscoitos apresentaram propriedades ideais para manter suas características de textura ao serem consumidos imersos em leite.

This thesis presents an extensive survey of 100,000 websites as the basis for understanding the deployment of cookies across the Internet. The survey indicates cookie deployment on the Internet is approaching universal levels. The survey identifies the presence of P3P policies and dynamic web technologies as major predictors of cookie usage, and a number of significant relationships are established between the origin of the web application and cookie deployment. Large associations are identified between third-party persistent cookie usage and a countrys e-business environment. Cookie collection testing (CCT), a strategy for testing web applications, is presented. Cookies maintained in a browser are explored in light of anti random testing techniques, culminating in the definition of seeding vectors as the basis for a scalable test suite. Essentially CCT seeks to verify web application robustness against the modificationintentional or otherwiseof an application's internal state variables. Automation of CCT is outlined through the definition of test oracles and evaluation criterion. Evolutionary adaptive random (eAR) testing is proposed for application to the cookie collection testing strategy. A simulation study is undertaken to evaluate eAR against the current state-of-the-art in adaptive random testingfixed size candidate set, restricted random testing, quasi-random testing, and random testing. eAR is demonstrated to be superior to the other techniques for block pattern simulations. For fault patterns of increased complexity, eAR is shown to be comparable to the other methods. An empirical investigation of CCT is undertaken. CCT is demonstrated to reveal defects within web applications, and is found to have a substantial fault-triggering rate. Furthermore, CCT is demonstrated to interact with the underlying application, not just the technological platform upon which an application is implemented. Both seeding and generated vectors are found to be useful in triggering defects. A synergetic relationship is found to exist between the seeding and generated vectors with respect to distinct fault detection. Finally, a large significant relationship is established between structural and content similarity measures of web application responses, with a composite of the two similarity measures observed to be superior in the detection of faults. / Software Engineering and Intelligent Systems

No description available.

Orientador: Fernanda Paula Collares-Queiroz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T13:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes-Ruffi_CristianeRodrigues_M.pdf: 1964145 bytes, checksum: d20d084cd656792fb2659ae059c8f70e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O segmento de biscoitos é um setor da panificação de extrema importância para o Brasil, que se destaca como o 2º maior produtor mundial em volume. Por ser consumido habitualmente por grande parte da população brasileira, o biscoito salgado tipo cracker, segundo tipo de biscoito mais consumido (25% em volume), revela-se como um bom veículo para a inclusão de ingredientes funcionais. A soja constitui-se em um destes ingredientes, devido à presença de compostos bioativos (isoflavonas), sendo inclusive excelente para o enriquecimento protéico, principalmente como fonte de aminoácidos essenciais, e de fibras, traduzindo-se em benefícios à saúde, além de agregar valor ao produto. O objetivo desse projeto foi avaliar o desempenho tecnológico de biscoito salgado tipo cracker obtido com a utilização de derivados da soja (isolado protéico e fibra alimentar) em substituição parcial da farinha de trigo, visando a melhoria nutricional (teor e perfil de aminoácidos) com propriedades funcionais (fibras e isoflavonas). Inicialmente, as matérias-primas (farinha de trigo, isolado protéico e fibra de soja) foram caracterizadas quanto à composição centesimal, teor de fibra alimentar (solúvel e insolúvel), composição em aminoácidos totais, teor de isoflavonas e granulometria. A farinha de trigo foi caracterizada quanto às análises reológicas (farinográficas e extensográficas), teor de glúten e falling number. Posteriormente, um delineamento experimental, aplicado à Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta, foi utilizado para avaliar a influência da adição destes dois ingredientes derivados de soja nos parâmetros de qualidade dos biscoitos. As respostas avaliadas por este planejamento experimental fatorial completo 22 com 4 pontos fatoriais, 4 pontos axiais e 4 pontos centrais, totalizando 12 ensaios, foram: o índice de expansão, o volume específico, a cor instrumental, a textura instrumental (firmeza e fraturabilidade), a atividade de água e a aceitação sensorial. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente (DCCR e ANOVA) e com base nos resultados de textura instrumental e aceitação sensorial obtidos, novos testes experimentais foram realizados apenas nos pontos/intervalos que apresentaram as melhores respostas em comparação com o biscoito controle (sem a adição dos derivados de soja). Além das avaliações tecnológicas, os biscoitos referentes aos ensaios selecionados e o biscoito Controle foram avaliados quanto à composição centesimal, teor de fibra alimentar (solúvel e insolúvel), composição em aminoácidos totais e teor de isoflavonas. Os resultados mostraram que a adição de isolado protéico de soja (IPS) e fibra de soja (FS) interferiram nas características de textura instrumental, com aumento da crocância, ou fraturabilidade. A análise sensorial mostrou que além do Controle, a amostra 1 (6,46% IPS e 3,88% FS) foi a que apresentou as maiores freqüências de aceitação (superiores a 80% para todos os atributos avaliados), seguida das amostras 7 (10,0% IPS e 3,0% FS) e 5 (5,0% IPS e 6,0% FS). A amostra 6 (15,0% IPS e 6,0% FS) foi rejeitada sensorialmente. Do ponto de vista nutricional, para as formulações selecionadas do delineamento, a incorporação de IPS e FS promoveu uma diminuição nos teores de carboidratos, aumento nos teores protéicos (e perfil de aminoácidos de alto valor biológico), nas fibras totais (superiores a 3 g/100 g), sendo consideradas fontes de fibra pela legislação brasileira, além da presença de isoflavonas, que conferem propriedades funcionais aos biscoitos. Portanto, a adição de IPS e FS proporcionou a obtenção de biscoitos cracker com alto valor agregado, com melhores propriedades nutricionais e potencialmente funcionais (fibras e isoflavonas) / Abstract: The biscuit segment, is a Bakery Industry sector of an extremely importance to Brazil. Which stands as the 2nd world's largest producer by volume. Because it is usually consumed by most of the population, the second most consumed type of biscuit (25% in volume), the cracker biscuit reveals itself as a good vehicle for the inclusion of functional ingredients. Soy is one of these ingredients, due the presence of bioactive compounds (isoflavones), being also excellent for protein enrichment, mainly as a source of essential aminoacids and fiber, resulting in health benefits, besides the fact that it adds value to the product. The aim of this project was to evaluate the technological performance of salty crackers obtained with the use of soy products (protein isolate and dietary fiber) in partial replacement of wheat flour, in order to improve nutritional content (content and aminoacid profile) with functional properties (fiber and isoflavones). Initially, the raw materials (wheat flour, protein isolate and soy fiber) were characterized by centesimal composition, value of nourishing fiber (soluble and insoluble), total aminoacid composition, isoflavone content and granulometry. Wheat flour was characterized based on the rheological analysis (farinographic and extensographic), gluten content and falling number. Subsequently, an experimental design, applied to the Response Surface Methodology was used to evaluate the effect of adding these two soybean derived products in the parameters of biscuits quality. The responses evaluated by this 22 full factorial design with 4 factorial points, 4 axial points and 4 central points, totaling 12 trials were: the expansion index, specific volume, instrumental color, instrumental texture (firmness and fracturability), the water activity and sensory evaluation. The results were analyzed statistically (DCCR and ANOVA) and based on the instrumental texture and sensory acceptability results obtained, new experimental tests were performed only at the points/intervals which presented the best responses compared with the control cracker (without the addition of soybean derived products). In addition to the technological evaluations, the crackers from the selected trials and the control cracker were evaluated for centesimal composition, value of nourishing fiber (soluble and insoluble), total aminoacid composition and isoflavone content. The results showed that the addition of soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy fiber (SF) affected the instrumental texture characteristics, with an increase in crispness or fracturability. The sensory evaluation showed that besides control cracker, the sample 1 (6.46% SPI and 3.88% SF) was the one with the highest acceptance (above 80% for all attributes), then the samples 7 (10.0% SPI and 3.0% SF) and 5 (5.0% SPI and 6.0% SF). Sample 6 (15.0% SPI and 6.0% SF) was rejected sensory. From a nutritional point of view, for the selected formulations, the addition of SPI and FS promoted a decrease in carbohydrate, an increase in protein content (and aminoacid profile of high biological value) and total fiber (greater than 3 g/100 g), being considered fiber sources by Brazilian law, and the presence of isoflavones, that provides the functional properties of biscuits. So, the addition of SPI and FS resulted in crackers with high added value, with improved nutritional properties and potentially functional properties (fiber and isoflavones) / Mestrado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Problem: Vid accepterandet av användarvillkor och cookies på Facebook får företag information om respektive användare och kan därmed skapa individanpassad reklam, något som kan uppfattas som integritetskränkande. Syfte: Analysera och beskriva användarens beteende och vidare kunskap om individanpassad reklam, via cookies, på Facebook. Teori: Den teoretiska referensramen omfattar bakgrundsinformation om Facebook, cookies och individanpassad reklam. Grundläggande teori baseras på hur företag använder sig av Facebook, cookies och individanpassad reklam för att marknadsföra sina produkter och tjänster. Metod: Studien har tillämpat en deduktiv ansats med en webbenkät som datainsamlingsverktyg. Enkäten sändes ut till 3318 programstudenter på Högskolan Dalarna, med svenska som undervisningsspråk. Resultat: Studiens resultat redovisas utifrån insamlad data från enkätundersökningen. Data sammanställdes i stapeldiagram, histogram och i tabeller med beskrivande statistik och medelvärde. Slutsats: Användaren besitter inte kunskap om vad de accepterar när de godkänner Facebooks användarvillkor och anser sig inte vara orolig över den personliga information Facebook tar del av i kommersiellt syfte. / Problem: Accepting the term of use for cookies and Facebook, gives companies information about each user of Facebook so they can create personalized advertising. Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to analyze and describe the user´s behavior and further knowledge of personalized advertising, through cookies, on Facebook. Theory: The theoretical frame includes information about Facebook, cookies and personalized advertisements. The theory is based on how companies use Facebook, cookies and personalized advertisements to promote their products and services. Method: The study has used a deductive approach with a web questionnaire as a data collection tool. The questionnaire was sent to 3318 students at Högskolan Dalarna, with Swedish as the language of instruction. Results: The results of the study is based on collected data from the survey. The data was compiled in bar charts, histograms and a table with descriptive statistics and mean. Conclusion: The user does not have knowledge of what they accept when they approve Facebook's Terms of Service and do not feel worried about the personal information Facebook delivers for commercial purposes.

No description available.

The thesis deals with the problems of user authentication. The first chapter analyzes the problem of authentication, its methods and its utilization. The second chapter presents the different security options for communication. The chapter describes security, communication and authentication protocols. There is the 2D barcode QR Code described at the end of the chapter. The third chapter is devoted to ASP.NET technology, its development and possibilities of utilization. Attention is focused on web form and server controls. There is an analysis of elements of cookies and possibilities of their use. The last chapter consists of a practical part, which describes the development of a web application. There is a description of the parts of application, such as the database, the Web navigation, master pages and etc. in the following chapter. The cardinal part of the chapter consists of an analysis and implementation of forms authentication, the attribute authentication and authentication with QR code. Finally, there is a description of way how to secure the communication by using a certificate.

In a time when internet connection is a central part of our everyday lives and wherewe constantly communicate through digital aids, a possible threat has arisen. Surveillance by commercial companies tracks most of what we do on their websites and then stores that data so that, for example, in the future companies can market specific goods that the user has previously looked at. The data collected by a specific supplier is not always saved for that specific company’s use only. The data is also used as a commodity between different online suppliers, the trade itself turns over billions of Swedish kronor every year. The purpose of this study is to examine young adults aged 20-30 (also called digital natives) knowledge, opinions, and thoughts regarding surveillance on the internet for commercial purposes. The study wants to find out what knowledge they say they have, what opinions they have and whether they adapt to the phenomenon by, for example, using VPN services or the like. Previous research in the field has shown that young people do not possess a deep knowledge of the subject and that they rarely adapt to any great extent to the phenomenon. The theoretical framework addresses both the user's and the supplier's perspective. The framework introduces surveillance and integrity from a theoretical perspective, but also addresses the power the supplier has and the financial conditions for the supplier. The results of the study show that, like previous studies in the same field, digital natives do not possess a deep knowledge of the subject and that they rarely adapt. Opinions differ however, where some say they do not care, and some believe that the surveillance has gone too far. In the ensuing discussion, we turn back and forth on the participants' reasoning and try to create a comprehensive picture of why the participants think the way they do.

No description available.