Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:02:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8269_1.pdf: 698382 bytes, checksum: 4926e77ff1d70c1c55c59f5380ae6582 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Os Harpacticoida participam de processos importantes do bentos porém suas interações específicas com os produtores primários ainda são pouco conhecidas. Este trabalho verificou a seletividade dos Harpacticoida sobre as microalgas e se a distribuição em microescala dos mesmos é influenciada pela distribuição dessas microalgas. Em laboratório realizou-se um experimento, onde as microalgas e quatro espécies de Harpacticoida (Cletocamptus deitersi; Mesochra sp.; Robertsonia mourei; Metis holothuriae) foram isoladas e cultivadas a partir de amostras de sedimento e de água coletadas em 10/08/2006, durante baixa-mar, no mediolitoral do Canal de Santa Cruz. O tempo de pastagem dos Harpacticoida sobre as microalgas foi de 24hs. No mesmo dia e local, foram coletadas amostras de sedimento, com 25 seringas contíguas (1,3cm2), em um centímetro de profundidade para verificar a relação microespacial in situ. A caracterização da área deu-se pelas variáveis: clorofilaa; feopigmentos; percentual de silte/argila; conteúdo de matéria orgânica e salinidade. Em laboratório, diferenças significativas (Mann-Whitney, p=0,0104) foram observadas para as densidades das microalgas Diploneis bombus e Navicula longa na presença de Mesochra sp. e no controle final. Na presença de R. mourei observou-se diferenças significativas (M-W, p=0,0104), comparando com o controle final, para Navicula sp., Tryblionella coarctata e Tryblionella punctata. Diferenças significativas (M-W, p=0,0104), para Cymbella sp.1, Cymbella sp.2 e Gomphonema sp., foram observadas na presença de C. deitersi e no controle final. M. holothuriae não determinou diferenças significativas para nenhuma espécie de microalga. Mesochra sp., R. mourei, C. deitersi, mostraram seletividade para as microalgas e o tamanho das mesmas parece influenciar esta seleção, assim como outros fatores podem explicar porque algumas microalgas não são ingeridas. Quanto a microdistribuição espacial, tanto o grupo Harpacticoida (rs=0,542; p=0,005) como C. deitersi (rs=0,0572; p=0,003) se correlacionaram significativamente com Gomphonema sp. Apesar dos Harpacticoida selecionarem microalgas, as correlações não demonstram de forma inequívoca a influência espacial desta seletividade. A abundância do alimento, a distribuição vertical no sedimento das microalgas e dos Harpacticoida, a predação de níveis tróficos superiores, entre outros fatores, podem fazer com que simples correlações não determinem claramente a influência das microalgas na distribuição microespacial dos Harpacticoida

No description available.

<i>Caligus elongatus </i>and <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis </i>are ectoparasites of Atlantic salmon and sea trout (<i>S. trutta).</i> Solid phase extraction (SPE) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) were used to investigate and compare the odour profiles of Atlantic salmon, sea trout, haddock and turbot. The behavioural responses of <i>L. salmonis </i>copepodids towards the different extracts of the four species were tested on Y-tube bioassays. Copepodids showed significant increases in swimming activity in the presence of SPE and SBSE extracts of salmon and sea trout. The copepodids showed a significant preference for SPE extracts of salmon and sea trout only. Haddock SPE extracts elicited a significant increase in activity but no significant odour preference. <i>L. salmonis</i> copepodid behaviour when presented with sea trout and haddock odours was tested in a Y-tube bioassay. Significant increases in activity in the presence of both species odours was found. Copepodids showed a significant preference for sea trout conditioned water over blank artificial seawater and for artificial seawater over haddock odour. <i>C. elongates</i> copepodids showed no significant chemotactic responses in Y-tube experiments. Analysis of video tracked three-way olfactometer experiments found significant increases in the swimming activity and larger turning angles by <i>C. elongates </i>in the presence of salmon odour. When compared to <i>L. salmonis, </i>significant differences in swimming behaviour were found. A weak but significant correlation was found between the ecology of the hosts and the presence or absence of Caligid copepods. This is discussed in the context of the ecological traits and the influence these have on potential co-occurrence. In addition the reproductive strategies of <i>C. elongatus</i> and <i>L. salmonis</i> were investigated and the differences found are discussed in the context of co-existence.

Considering South Africa’s richness in aquatic species, very little knowledge exists regarding copepods that are symbiotic on hosts ranging from invertebrates to marine mammals. In order to have any indication of the existing biodiversity of this group of organisms in South African waters, a thorough investigation of all possible hosts needs to be conducted, which in turn will most likely increase the number of recorded symbiotic copepods considerably. The current descriptive study was done in an effort to contribute to a larger study of metazoan parasites of elasmobranch hosts along the KwaZulu-Natal coast of South Africa. A total of 40 (31 Mobula kuhlii; two Mobula eregoodootenkee and seven Manta alfredi) mobulids were examined for infection by symbiotic copepods at the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board (KZNSB). More than 90% of all examined hosts were infected with different types of symbiotic siphonostomatoids. Collected copepod specimens were fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol and studied with both the stereo- and light microscopes using the wooden slide technique. Some selected specimens were further studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to elaborate on ill-defined features. A total of 13 different species of the order Siphonostomatoida distributed over five families were identified. The five families include Eudactylinidae (Eudactylina oliveri, Eudactylina diabolophila and Nemesis sp.); Caligidae (Caligus crysophrysi, Pupulina sp. 1, Pupulina sp. 2; Pupulina sp. 3, Unidentified sp. 1, Unidentified sp. 2 and Unidentified sp. 3); Kroyeriidae (Kroeyerina mobulae); Dichelesthiidae (Anthosoma crassum) and Cecropidae (Entepherus laminipes). Two of the 13 species (E. laminipes and A. crassum) are monotypic and were therefore easily identified. Eudactylina oliveri exhibited a prevalence of 75% and 100%; mean intensity of 42 and 130 parasites per host and a mean abundance of 32 and 130 individuals per host while Pupulina sp. 1 exhibited a prevalence of 61.29% and 100%; mean intensity of 41 and 5 individuals per host and a mean abundance of 2 and 5 individuals per host on M. kuhlii and M. eregoodootenkee respectively. Component populations of E. oliveri and Pupulina sp. 1 exhibited an aggregated distribution pattern on their examined hosts. The phylogenetic relationship between nine caligid species (three known Pupulina species, three collected Pupulina species and three Unidentified sp. species as ingroup) with Caligus glandifer as out-group was determined and analysed using a morphological dataset (40 characters) from previous and current descriptions. The ii exhaustive search with PAUP* retained a single most parsimonious tree with a tree length (TL) = 85; consistency index (CI) = 0.7; retention index (RI) = 0.7; homoplasy index (HI) = 0.3 and a rescaled consistency index (RCI) = 0.5. Bootstrap support for the estimated clades was mostly low with values less than 95%. The phylogenetic hypothesis of the 10 caligid species presented in the current study was derived from the phylogenetic analysis of the information for adult females and is therefore not intended to be a definitive theory but should be treated as a testable hypothesis that can be further analysed using more data. The current study provides the first record of C. chrysophrysi, Pupulina sp. 1, Pupulina sp. 2, K. mobulae and E. laminipes on M. kuhlii; E. oliveri, Pupulina sp. 1, Pupulina sp. 2 and Pupulina sp. 3 on M. eregoodootenkee; and E. diabolophila, Nemesis sp., C. chrysophrysi, E laminipes, A. crassum and the three Unidentified species on M. alfredi frequenting the east coast of South Africa and thus contributes to the knowledge of our marine biodiversity. Mobulid hosts were not carefully studied for copepod infection previously and the copepods that were reported from the mobulids were probably found by chance. Therefore future investigation into the symbiotic siphonostomatoids of more mobulid hosts and other host species may result in more reports of symbiotic Copepoda from South African waters. / Thesis (MSc. (Zoology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013

This study focused on the spatial and temporal variation of water qualities and the phytoplankton and zooplankton standing crop of southwestern Taiwan. Data were collected from 30 cruises of research and fishermen vessels between August 1999 and December 2002. The yield of sergestid shrimp in this area was also analyzed for possible relationship with physical environment. Concentrations of phosphate and ammonia in the study area were highest in autumn, while the concentration of dissolved silicon peaked in winter; In spring, the concentration of all three nutrients similarly dropped to their lowest level. Regardless of seasonal variation, the concentration of dissolved silicon positively correlated with the water depth around the year. Positive correlation was found between phosphate and river discharge rates of Kao-Ping River in autumn. Negative correlation was found in spring, summer and autumn for ammonia, negative correlation in spring and autumn for dissolved silicon, respectively. Variations of phytoplankton in seasons and locations were also studied. Chlorophyll a blooms in winter but was at lowest level in summer. Concentration of total-chlorophyll a decreased with distance from the shoreline. Concentration of total-chlorophyll a negatively correlated with the river discharge rate in summer, but was positively correlated in winter. Nanophytoplankton (< 10 £gm) appeared to be the major component of phytoplankton. High standing crop of copepods was found at regions near the Liu-Chiu Yu, the estuary of Kao-Ping River, and near the coast. Significant positive correlation between phytoplankton and Copepoda standing crop indicates possible feeding and grazing relationship between them. Changes of the concentration of chlorophyll a corresponds with relative levels of phosphate and ammonia in some seasons. The period with the highest phytoplanktonic standing crop also coincides with the high yield season of sergestid shrimp (from November to March). Variation of Copepoda standing crop does not follow seasonal changes of phytoplankton. Based on the results from General Linear Model analysis, lunar phases, river discharge rates of Kao-Ping River, and the Fishing Effort (hrs/haul-boat) have significant effects on the yield (kgs/haul-boat) of sergestid shrimp respectively. The yield of sergestid shrimp in the full moon period and the last quarter of a lunar month is higher than other periods. The occurrence of thick thermocline water layer matched with the period of high CPUE of sergestid shrimp.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-166). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Freshwater copepod taxonomy has been neglected in southern Africa for more than 50 years and this has placed a constraint on research on the biology and ecology of this important component of the freshwater invertebrate fauna. In this review of the calanoid family Diaptomidae of southern Africa, keys to the freshwater families, the African genera and southern African species are presented as well as diagnoses of the family Diaptomidae and the subfamilies Paradiaptominae and Diaptominae. The genus Lovenula has been revised. All available information on each species has been collated. This includes illustrations of the most important identifying characters, synonymies, a record of material examined and a map of distribution. The discovery of 11 new species, four Paradiaptomus, two, Metadiaptomus and five Tropodiaptomus, indicates that the diaptomid fauna of southern Africa is more diverse than was previously envisaged. Biogeography and evolution of the group is discussed with reference to vicariance, dispersal and palaeoenvironments of the African continent. The Paradiaptominae (Lovenula, Paradiaptomus and Metadiaptomus) are endemic to Africa, while the Diaptominae have one endemic African genus Thermodiaptomus and the other, Tropodiaptomus, is not limited to the African continent. The latter genus has speciated throughout the warmer regions of Africa, with more than 30 described species. Additional collections from isolated regions will, without doubt, substantially increase this number. Included in the account is a glossary of copepod terminology, an explanation of local limnological terms in current use, and a gazetteer. Biographical information on the pioneers of copepod research in southern Africa is included. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1990.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1956. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-231).

Originally presented as the author's Thesis (M.S.). / Publication data from cover. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-98).