<p>Although there are several achievements made by the Namibian government after independence, there are still many constraints and challenges facing the education system, particularly with regard to novice teachers&rsquo / support and professional development. Most novice teachers are coming into the teaching profession and receive little or no assistance. Nevertheless, novice teachers are expected to perform the full teaching responsibilities despite their inexperience. Novice teachers are expected to formulate their own coping strategies and to grapple with the challenges they encounter during their first year of teaching on their own. This study aims at investigating the coping mechanisms used by novice teachers to achieve their teaching goals during their first year of teaching. The study recommends that the teacher training institutions, the Ministry of Education and schools have an important role to play in facilitating the use of effective coping mechanisms and in assisting novice teachers in alleviating these challenges. Teacher training should ensure that a balance is maintained between theory and practice. In addition the Ministry needs to provide favourable working conditions and put up support systems for novice teachers. Schools should also provide orientation to all novice teachers and most especially render support to all novice teachers until they are fully integrated into the school and teaching culture.</p>

<p>South Africa is reported to have the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result the quality of life of families living with HIV/AIDS is negatively affected. Literature indicates that the majority of affected persons are young children and adolescents whose siblings or parents are infected with HIV/AIDS. Most affected adolescents are reported to have difficult social lives due to their parent&rsquo / s illness, difficult financial situations at home, stigma and discrimination within the society. The study attempts to explore the experiences of adolescents in households where the mother is HIV/AIDS positive. This research project is an exploratory study using a narrative approach within a qualitative methodological design. The study was conducted with 6 Xhosa-speaking adolescent boys (2) and girls (4) aged 12 to 15 years. An open-ended interview schedule was used to prompt participants to tell their stories. Data was collected by means of a voice recorder in order for adolescents to tell their stories. The responses were transcribed verbatim, translated and verified with the participants. The data were analysed by means of narrative analysis. The results indicate that most adolescent participants were coping with the mother being HIV/AIDS positive and maintained hope for their futures. Adolescents were coping due to support from friends and relatives. Some adolescents experienced rejection and discrimination. The biggest challenge in the home was due to socioeconomic status. The study is intended to benefit the community in terms of making recommendations to social workers at NGO&rsquo / s and the government sectors in terms of strengthening the existing support programmes in the community.</p>

Bakgrund: ESBL är ett enzym som kan produceras av bakterier i tarmens normalflora och gör bakterien motståndskraftig –resistent- mot många antibiotika. För den enskilde individen får det konsekvenser vid en infektion orsakad av ESBL-bildande tarmbakterier, och då behandling krävs. De som infekteras med dessa bakterier riskerar att svara dåligt på behandling med våra vanligaste antibiotika, och det kan krävas inläggning på sjukhus även vid banala infektioner. Syfte: Att fördjupa kunskapen om vad det innebär för den enskilda individen att drabbas av ESBL-bildande tarmbakterier. Metod. En modifierad variant av Grounded Theory användes som analysmetod av sju öppna intervjuer. Resultat: I analysen växte kärnkategorin Att bli utkastad i det skrämmande och okända utan karta och kompass fram. Samtliga informanter upplevde att de fått bristande information, eller ingen information alls om sin diagnos. Informationsvägen från läkaren var antingen via telefon eller genom ett brev via posten. Konsekvensen blev att det uppstod många tankar och funderingar efteråt, och det innefattade även frågan om hur man blivit smittad; genom sjukvården eller om de själva orsakat att bli smittade. I mötet med sjukvården upplevdes att okunskapen hos personalen i vissa fall orsakade stigmatisering. Här förekom såväl extrema hygienåtgärder i form av “skyddsmundering“ som alltför bristande hygienrutiner. Därutöver framkom också upplevda attitydproblem från personalens sida, nonchalans, bristande förståelse, ingen villighet eller tid att svara på frågor. Allt detta ledde till att informanterna i sin egen vardag fick ta saken i egna händer. Samtliga försökte skaffa sig information på annat sätt, exempelvis via internet. I oron för att smitta andra konstruerades egna åtgärder av kvinnorna i studien, exempelvis att instruera andra om handtvätt, att själv desinfektera föremål vid vårdbesök och i bostaden, att inte åka med tunnelbana eller buss, att inte umgås med andra och att själv uppleva informationsplikt om sin smitta. Männen i studien vidtog, trots bristande eller ingen information alls, inte några speciella åtgärder i sitt vardagsliv, de fortsatte att leva som tidigare. Ingen ville oroa sina anhöriga/närstående. Det förekom att barnen ej informerats alls om diagnosen. Konklusion: För att kunna hantera sin livssituation är det av stor betydelse att den som drabbas av en ESBL-bildande bakterie får en god information av patientansvarig läkare. / Background: Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL), an enzyme produced by bacteria in normal intestinal flora, renders such bacteria resistant to many antibiotics. Some patients infected with ESBL respond poorly to antibiotic treatment, and even trivial infections may require hospitalization.Purpose: To increase understanding of the emotional impact of ESBL-producing intestinal bacteria.Method: This study used a modified version of grounded theory during seven open interviews to analyze coping mechanisms for ESBL infection.Results: Our analysis identified a core category (i.e., being thrown into scary and unknown territory without a map and compass). All respondents felt they received no or insufficient information about the diagnosis, and reported that any information they did receive arrived only by phone or letter. Consequently, respondents questioned whether they had been infected through medical care or through their own actions. They believed that lack of knowledge and attitude problems among healthcare providers (perceived as carelessness, lack of understanding, and unwillingness or lack of time to answer questions) stigmatizes patients. Such deficits led respondents to take matters into their own hands as they tried to obtain information by other means (e.g., the Internet). Respondents described extreme hygiene measures as a "protective suit" against inadequate hygiene. Female respondents constructed individual coping mechanisms (e.g., instructing others about hand washing technique, disinfecting objects during healthcare visits and at home, avoiding metro or bus travel, avoiding social interactions, and informing others of the infection). Conversely, male respondents took no special measures and lived as they did before infection. No one wanted to worry relatives/significant others, and no one told their children about the diagnosis.Conclusion: It is to important that attending doctors provide good information to individuals infected by ESBL-producing bacteria. Moreover, such individuals must develop good life management and coping skills. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-12-6</p>

Drawing on extensive empirical evidence, taken from a regional Employment Service, this PhD explores in depth, how frontliners cope with the experience of customers' violence on the frontline. Analysis of empirical data led to the finding that frontliners cope in a number of ways which were both collective and individual. The coping mechanisms used were influenced by the different organisational constructions of customer violence. This PhD has brought the emotional labour and the organisational violence literature together using insights from both to inform the other and aid understanding of not only organisational violence in general, but specifically the way that frontliners cope with the experience of customer violence. This is an aspect somewhat neglected in both the emotional labour literature and the organisational violence literature to differing extents. Although the emotional labour literature does examine ways that frontliners cope with the difficulties of customer service, it frequently fails to examine the interplay of the formal and informal organisation in influencing the means of coping used by frontliners and it has yet to consider the way that frontliners cope specifically with customer violence. The organisational violence literature tends to take the concept of violence as an unproblematic, objective term and ignores the fact that violence is a constructed subjective concept. I see this as problematic. The more interpretevist literature, which does recognise the polysemic nature of violence, only considers customer violence in passing. This literature completely fails to consider the part that the customer sovereignty plays in this violence, a significant omission, which I believe, has implications for our understanding of organisational violence. A number of theoretical points from this study have wider implications that are applicable to more than just the regional Employment Service explored. It was found that the customer sovereignty ideology played an important role in not only the ways that frontliners cope, but also in customer violence in general. Customer sovereignty underpinned the invisibility of violence and the concern for customers' well-being over those of frontliners. Both these findings were applicable to other frontline organisations. This study also found that the customer service ideology contributed towards conditions which fostered customer violence. This PhD also found that those with hierarchical power will be able, to some extent; to impose their construction of what is violent on those with less hierarchical power. However, this study emphasises the importance of human agency in arguing that those with less hierarchical power will still be able to contribute to creating organisational reality. Workers were not taken to be passive recipients of the dominant approach, but were helped shaped the construction of violence. This finding has implications for not only the construction of customer violence within organisations, but for the nature of power and the construction of organisational reality. This study has outlined many areas that need further consideration. The relationship between the customer service ideology and customer violence is currently under-researchedM. ore studies are needed examining this in different frontline settings, including both public and private sectors. Specifically, research is needed to consider the extent to which this ideology is used to justify customer violence and difficult frontline conditions in general. In examining the ways that frontliners cope with the experience of customer violence; this study integrated both the emotional labour and organisational violence literature. It is hoped that in using insights from both to inform the other, together with my own empirical research, this PhD has deepened understanding of not only the coping devices used by frontliners, but also customer violence in general.

This study examines the psychological and emotional experience of settling in Canada for South Asian Muslim newcomers and the coping systems they use to manage the challenges associated with moving to a new country. Ten South Asian Muslims were interviewed within the Greater Toronto Area. They were posed questions related to the hardships they encountered as they settled in Canada and how they managed those challenges. The data was analyzed using Grounded Theory. A model was developed to illustrate resources used by newcomers to help maintain their mental health and well-being. Upon settling in Canada, the participants experienced psychological stressors and therefore sought help from their Islamic faith, their families, and community services. The combined resources facilitated the immigrants’ resilience and allowed them to maintain a positive outlook towards their immigration experience.

The novel manuscript Girl in the Shadows tells the story of two teenage girls whose friendship, safety and sanity are pushed to the limits when an unexplained phenomenon invades their lives. Sixteen-year-old Tash has everything a teenage girl could want: good looks, brains and freedom from her busy parents. But when she looks into her mirror, a stranger’s face stares back at her. Her best friend Mal believes it’s an evil spirit and enters the world of the supernatural to find answers. But spell books and ouija boards cannot fix a problem that comes from deep within the soul. It will take a journey to the edge of madness for Tash to face the truth inside her heart and see the evil that lurks in her home. And Mal’s love and courage to pull her back into life. The exegesis examines resilience and coping strategies in adolescence, in particular, the relationship of trauma to brain development in children and teenagers. It draws on recent discoveries in neuroscience and psychology to provide a framework to examine the role of coping strategies in building resilience. Within this broader context, it analyses two works of contemporary young adult fiction, Freaky Green Eyes by Joyce Carol Oates and Sonya Hartnett’s Surrender, their use of the split persona as a coping mechanism within young adult fiction and the potential of young adult literature as a tool to help build resilience in teen readers.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-17T10:09:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedritareisvargaspaulino.pdf: 1865082 bytes, checksum: e5bff9ec09c03ffd82718fd9d57e7541 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T12:41:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedritareisvargaspaulino.pdf: 1865082 bytes, checksum: e5bff9ec09c03ffd82718fd9d57e7541 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:41:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedritareisvargaspaulino.pdf: 1865082 bytes, checksum: e5bff9ec09c03ffd82718fd9d57e7541 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal estudar os mecanismos de enfrentamento na prevenção de recaída no uso de álcool e outras drogas em egressos de uma comunidade terapêutica na cidade de Juiz de Fora. Na atualidade a dependência de álcool e outras drogas é um assunto amplamente divulgado e discutido, sendo um grave problema social e de saúde pública. Apesar de muitos estudiosos entenderem a etiologia da dependência química como multidimensional, sendo os fatores sociais os elementos mais determinantes neste processo, Comunidades Terapêuticas tendem a entender a etiologia como unidimensional, seguindo o modelo de doença. Assim como tem sido feito com os fatores de risco, há hoje uma crescente preocupação em se estudar os fatores de prevenção e proteção contra o abuso de álcool e outras drogas, fatores esses encontrados no campo individual, familiar e social do indivíduo. As comunidades terapêuticas, modelos de tratamento informais para pessoas com dependência de álcool e outras drogas, surgiram no Brasil antes mesmo que houvesse qualquer política pública sobre álcool e outras drogas e são, habitualmente, baseados no Modelo Minnesota, em preceitos religiosos ou em uma combinação de ambos. Participaram da pesquisa nove egressos de uma comunidade terapêutica. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de dados foram: entrevista semiestruturada, no qual foi feita a análise de conteúdo; questionário socioeconômico e teste para triagem do envolvimento com fumo, álcool e outras drogas, no qual foi feita análise quantitativa a partir da estatística descritiva para caracterização da amostra. Os resultados apontam a busca religiosa/espiritual como o principal dos três grupos de ferramentas apreendidas durante o tratamento na comunidade terapêutica, seguido da importância dos novos vínculos criados/suporte do novo grupo de apoio e do suporte psicológico recebido durante a internação. A religiosidade/espiritualidade está presente entre as estratégias e é endossada como muito importante pela maioria dos entrevistados. Há influência da religiosidade/espiritualidade durante o tratamento, sendo percebida por todos os participantes como foco principal do mesmo. Essa influência interferiu na religiosidade/espiritualidade da maioria destes egressos, trazendo uma “conversão”, mudança na doutrina anterior ao tratamento e maior envolvimento, busca de relacionamento com Deus após o tratamento. Quanto à representação da comunidade terapêutica para esses egressos, todos concordam com a importância dessa modalidade de tratamento, e referenciam o lugar como excelente, local de aprendizagem, refúgio e abrigo. Os mesmos elogiam o tratamento recebido, através do amor e carinho percebidos na execução do trabalho dos psicólogos e monitores. / This research aimed to study the mechanisms of coping in relapse prevention in alcohol and other drugs in a therapeutic community graduates in the city of Juiz de Fora. Currently dependence on alcohol and other drugs is concern widely disseminated and discussed, being a serious social and public health. The etiology of addiction is multidimensional, but social factors are the most crucial in this process. As has been done with the risk factors, there is now a growing concern in studying the factors of prevention and protection against abuse of alcohol and other drugs, these factors are found in the individual, familiar and social fields. Therapeutic communities, informal treatment models for people with alcohol and other drugs' problems, emerged in Brazil even before there was any public policy on alcohol and other drugs and are usually based on the Minnesota Model in religious precepts or a combination both. This research counted with Nine participants. The instruments used in data collection were semi-structured interview; socioeconomic questionnaire and screening test for the involvement with tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. Quantitative analysis from descriptive statistics to characterize sample. The results show the religious/spiritual search as the main of the groups of tools seized during treatment in the therapeutic community, followed by the importance of the new groups/support established and psychological support received during treatment. The religiosity/spirituality is present between the strategies and is endorsed as very important by most subjects. There is influence of religiosity/spirituality during treatment, being perceived by all participants as the main focus of it. This influence interfered in religiosity/spirituality of the majority of these participants, bringing a change in doctrine after treatment and greater involvement, seeking relationship with God after treatment. Regarding the representation of the therapeutic community for these graduates, all agree on the importance of this treatment modality, and refer the place as excellent learning place, refuge and shelter. They rave about the treatment received by the love and affection in the perceived performance of the work of psychologists and monitors.

Masters of Art / In this full thesis, I explore the impact that HIV and AIDS pandemic is having in the livelihood strategies of rural women in Mozambique. My intention in this work is to highlight the navigation of Mozambican women through this harsh era. I establish a discussion about land as major asset in a poor and mainly agricultural country like Mozambique. And the fact that many scholars and policy makers are concerned about the escalating number of young widows that have had their land and other assets expropriated after the deaths of their husbands, mainly due to the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The convergence of the colonization process, the civil war (that took over 16 years in Mozambique) and the modernization/development process have been systematically trapping women in the interface between traditional and modern social organization. Now, with the spread of HIV and AIDS, young women and children whose only source of subsistence is their land have been losing their traditional rights, and they face the cultural changes brought about by a new social order that does not support them and their children after the death of a husband or father. / South Africa

Magister Educationis - MEd / Although there are several achievements made by the Namibian government after independence, there are still many constraints and challenges facing the education system, particularly with regard to novice teachers' support and professional development. Most novice teachers are coming into the teaching profession and receive little or no assistance. Nevertheless, novice teachers are expected to perform the full teaching responsibilities despite their inexperience. Novice teachers are expected to formulate their own coping strategies and to grapple with the challenges they encounter during their first year of teaching on their own. This study aims at investigating the coping mechanisms used by novice teachers to achieve their teaching goals during their first year of teaching. The study recommends that the teacher training institutions, the Ministry of Education and schools have an important role to play in facilitating the use of effective coping mechanisms and in assisting novice teachers in alleviating these challenges. Teacher training should ensure that a balance is maintained between theory and practice. In addition the Ministry needs to provide favourable working conditions and put up support systems for novice teachers. Schools should also provide orientation to all novice teachers and most especially render support to all novice teachers until they are fully integrated into the school and teaching culture. / South Africa

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / South Africa is reported to have the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result the quality of life of families living with HIV/AIDS is negatively affected. Literature indicates that the majority of affected persons are young children and adolescents whose siblings or parents are infected with HIV/AIDS. Most affected adolescents are reported to have difficult social lives due to their parent's illness, difficult financial situations at home, stigma and discrimination within the society. The study attempts to explore the experiences of adolescents in households where the mother is HIV/AIDS positive. This research project is an exploratory study using a narrative approach within a qualitative methodological design. The study was conducted with 6 Xhosa-speaking adolescent boys (2) and girls (4) aged 12 to 15 years. An open-ended interview schedule was used to prompt participants to tell their stories. Data was collected by means of a voice recorder in order for adolescents to tell their stories. The responses were transcribed verbatim, translated and verified with the participants. The data were analysed by means of narrative analysis. The results indicate that most adolescent participants were coping with the mother being HIV/AIDS positive and maintained hope for their futures. Adolescents were coping due to support from friends and relatives. Some adolescents experienced rejection and discrimination. The biggest challenge in the home was due to socioeconomic status. The study is intended to benefit the community in terms of making recommendations to social workers at NGO's and the government sectors in terms of strengthening the existing support programmes in the community. / South Africa