There is little to no empirical research for sensory sensitivities of individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and coping strategies used in the workplace. Seven students with ASD were interviewed about sensory sensitivities experienced and accommodations used at the workplace. This study found that participants self-regulated sensory sensitivities, and not asking for or using accommodations. Future research is needed to focus on the sensory sensitivities of individuals with ASD who have been in the work force for several years.

Increasingly individuals are coming into contact with the criminal justice system. For millions of Americans this contact is mediated by the victimization or offense of a loved one. This study focused on exploring what the family members of victims and offenders identify as their needs and concerns in relation to the criminal justice system, assessing if the system is effective in addressing these needs and concerns, and understanding how these families' lives are shaped by interaction with the system. Grounded theory method was used to analyze the narratives posted on two on-line message boards, one for victims' families and one for offenders' families. The results from this study suggest that both groups express the same frustrations and concerns about the criminal justice system, and that both groups develop similar coping strategies to assist them in negotiating the system after initial incarceration or victimization.

Das rasant voranschreitende Wirtschaftswachstum Chiles in Zusammenhang mit einer sehr liberalen Wirtschafts- und Stadtentwicklungspolitik ist Ursache für eine tiefgreifende gesellschaftliche und urbane Umstrukturierung der chilenischen Hauptstadt. Die Nutznießer dieser Entwicklung sind in jüngster Zeit besonders auch Angehörige der unteren Mittelschicht, für die eigens preiswerte bewachte und umzäunte Wohnprojekte ins Leben gerufen werden. Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, diese sich neu formierende Gesellschaftsschicht genauer zu betrachten und zu untersuchen, mit welchen Anpassungshandlungen diese auf die veränderten Lebens- und Wohnbedingungen innerhalb dieser sogenannten condominios reagieren. Das Konzept condominio scheint zunächst die ideale Antwort auf zahlreiche Handlungsprobleme zu sein; das Wohnen im abgeschlossenen Wohnviertel gibt das Gefühl der Sicherheit und Kontrolle der unmittelbaren Umgebung und ist durch seine Exklusivität gleichzeitig ein willkommenes Statussymbol. Erst auf den zweiten Blick wird sichtbar, was das condominio nicht leisten kann und welche weiteren Probleme mit dem Wohnen im abgeschlossenen Viertel entstehen. Im Laufe der Analyse wurde jedoch die trotz aller Problemlagen essentielle Bedeutung des condominios für ihre Bewohner erkennbar. Die neue Wohnform der unteren Mittelschicht ist nicht nur ein Produkt der sich in ihren Potentialen, Ansprüchen und Werten verändernden Anwohner. Sie wird auch aktiv für die Konstruktion von sozialen Identitäten genutzt und ist damit also zentrales Element in der Formation und Identifikation dieser Gesellschafts-schicht.

Author: Elisabeth Wahlberg   Title: “…I’ll just get mum to help me” About Young Adults’ Strategies for Coping with Reading and Writing Difficulties in Daily Life     This study investigated how seven young adults, who during senior high school underwent a syllable based intervention due to reading and writing difficulties, developed their literacy skills, and what strategies they used to try to overcome reading and writing problems, whether at work, during studies or in their leisure time. The period from when the participants had left school ranged between three and eight years. Qualitative as well as quantitative data was compiled for the study. Qualitative data consisted of  semistructured interviews and quantitative data of tests performed before the intervention and on two occasions after, in order to compare results over time. The study was a longitudinal case study with a phenomenological lifeworld approach and looked to increase awareness of the realities of living with reading and writing difficulties. It analysed how the participants dealt with their problems and what strategies they employed, in order to overcome them. Study results showed that even as participants improved their literacy skills compared to pre-intervention, reading and writing remained an issue. All participants were forced to adjust to the fact that they were affected in their daily lives, whether in choice of career or further education, or more everyday tasks involving reading and writing and also the inclination to read for pleasure. They avoided to expose their shortcomings if at all possible. Still, the participants all strived to tackle their reading and writing problems by applying elements from the syllable based intervention in conjunction with inventing individual strategies.

Abstract The purpose of this essay is to increase the knowledge of which strategies students with reading and writing disabilities or dyslexia use to learn in secondary school. The study aims to examine the following questions: Which coping strategies do students with reading and writing disabilities use in their studies? How can remedial teachers support students with reading and writing disabilities in their learning process? The study consists of two interviews with a total of three hours recorded material made with a secondary school teacher who teaches Swedish and English. The teacher has experiences of reading and writing disabilities herself but also from teaching students with dyslexia. The interviews are constructed into a lifestory describing experiences of reading and writing disabilities in school, during teacher training and as a teacher. The study shows limitations in the possibility to draw general conclusions form the data since there is only one informant participating. On the other hand its strength is the opportunity to illustrate unique and detailed experiences in a life characterized by difficulties to learn reading and writing. The results of the study shows that strategies used by girls with a high capacity for studies though they have reading and writing disabilities or dyslexia, also can prevent the discovery of their difficulties until secondary school or even later. It seems like these difficulties can contribute to a low self-esteem even as an adult which shows the importance of an early intervention. The results also implies that by teaching phonologic awareness, decoding and ortographic reading, young adults and adults still can improve their language skills. To increase the knowledge of and the understanding for these students might be a task for a remedial teacher in secondary school. / Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för inlärningssituationen för elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter/dyslexi på gymnasiet. Studien försöker besvara följande frågeställningar:   Vilka strategier använder elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter för att klara av sina studier? Hur kan man som speciallärare stödja inlärningsprocessen för elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter? Studien bygger på två intervjuer med en sammanlagd inspelad intervjutid på tre timmar som gjorts med en gymnasielärare i svenska/engelska. Läraren har erfarenheter av läs- och skrivsvårigheter både för egen del och hos elever som läraren kommit i kontakt med i sitt yrke. Intervjuerna har konstruerats till en kronologisk och tematiskt utformad livsberättelse som handlar om lärarens erfarenheter av läs- och skrivsvårigheter under sin skolgång, lärarutbildning och som yrkesverksam lärare.  Med ett begränsat urval av informanter så gör studien inga anspråk på att presentera generaliserbara resultat utan belyser istället det unika i en persons erfarenheter. Det framkommer i livsberättelsen att strategier som duktiga och ambitiösa flickor med läs- och skrivsvårigheter/dyslexi använder för att klara av sina studier, också kan hjälpa till att dölja svårigheterna väldigt långt upp i åldern. Ett sent upptäckande av läs- och skrivsvårigheter verkar också bidra till ett dåligt självförtroende som vuxen vilket indikerar vikten av att uppmärksamma tecken på svårigheter på ett tidigt stadium. Resultaten antyder också att man genom undervisning kan öka fonologisk medvetenhet, avkodning och ortografisk läsning även som ungdom eller vuxen. Att öka kunskapen om och förståelsen för denna elevgrupp skulle kunna vara en arbetsuppgift för en speciallärare på gymnasiet.

Bakgrund:Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen som drabbar kvinnor i Sverige, då omkring 7000 diagnostiseras varje år. Att få en sådan diagnos kan för många yttra sig väldigt chockartat. För att kunna hantera situationen finns det en rad olika faser individen måste ta sig igenom, detta görs med hjälp av olika copingstrategier. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnors olika copingstrategier vid bröstcancer. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes där 14 empiriska studier användes. Resultat: Resultatet av studierna visade att det fanns många olika sätt att hantera sin bröstcancer på, en del kvinnor valde att acceptera och andra att förneka. Humor och religion styrkte en del kvinnor och socialt stöd var för de flesta ett viktigt redskap. För att skapa kontroll i sitt liv av det påverkbara så valde kvinnorna att aktivt delta i sin sjukdom och aktivera sig på alla möjliga sätt. Många kvinnor ville kämpa och försökte också att hålla sig positiva. Diskussion: Utifrån resultatets fynd diskuterades eventuella skillnader och likheter gentemot olika teoretiker. Däribland Antonovsky, Folkman och Lazarus och även Carver. Detta gjordes för att lättare kunna förstå och se ett samband mellan beteende och individ. Slutsats: Slutsatsen var att alla kvinnor har sitt eget sätt att hantera sin sjukdom och att detta måste ta hänsyns till. Vårdgivare måste ha en stor förståelse för detta och kan eventuellt tillämpa olika mätinstrument för att utvärdera sin patients befintliga läge i den stressfulla situationen. / Background:Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in Sweden, where around 7000 are diagnosed each year. Making such a diagnosis can be very shocking. In order to handle the situation, there are a number of different stages the individual must go through, this is done by using various coping strategies. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore women’s different coping strategies in breast cancer. Method: A literature review was conducted in which 14 empirical studies were used. Results: Results of the studies showed that there were many ways to manage their breast cancer, some women chose to accept and others deny. Humor and religion substantiate some women and social support was the most important tool. In order to establish control in their lives women chose to actively participate in their illness and become active in every possible way. Many women wanted to fight and tried to stay positive. Discussion: Based on the result’s findings were discussed any differences and similarities to some different theorists. Including Antonovsky, Folkman and Lazarus, and even Carver. This was done to better understand and see a connection between behaviour and the individual. Conclusion: The conclusion was that all women have their own way to handle the disease and that this must be considered. Caregivers must have a strong understanding of this and may apply different instruments to assess their patient’s existing position in the stressful situation.

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Långvarig muskuloskeletal smärta är ett stort problem bland Sveriges befolkning idag. Vid långvarig muskuloskeletal smärta behövs copingstrategier för att möjliggöra hanteringen av smärtan. Vilka strategier en individ använder sig av är beroende på individens livshistoria. Det är av vikt att sjuksköterskan har ett holistiskt synsätt för att kunna ge stöd åt individen vid valet av copingstrategier. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att identifiera copingstrategier hos individer med långvarig muskuloskeletal smärta. I studien ingick 12 vetenskapliga artiklar varav 9 kvalitativa och 3 kvantitativa. Det framkom att individer med långvarig muskuloskeletal smärta använde sig av många olika copingstrategier som ingick under att förneka och acceptera, vilket kunde leda till misslyckad anpassning eller anpassning. Strategier vid acceptans och förnekande fungerade som redskap för individer med långvarig muskuloskeletal smärta vid coping. Synen på människan ska vara holistisk och sjuksköterskans omvårdnad ska fungera som ett stöd för individer med långvarig muskuloskeletal smärta vid valet av copingstrategier. Inga studier belyste betydelsen av sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete vid individens val av copingstrategier. Mer forskning kring vad en sjuksköterska gör för att möjliggöra coping och utvecklingen av copingstrategier för individer med långvarig muskuloskeletal smärta efterlyses. / Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a big problem among the Swedish population today. To enable the management of the chronic musculoskeletal pain there is a need of coping strategies. What strategies an individual uses is depending on the individual’s story of life. It is important that nurses have a holistic approach to support individuals in the selection of coping strategies. The purpose of the literature study was to identify coping strategies in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. In this study 12 research articles were included, of which 9 were qualitative and 3 were quantitative. The result showed that individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain used many different coping strategies that were included in denial and acceptance, which could lead to failed adaptation or adaptation. Strategies for acceptance and denial functioned as coping tools for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Nurses’ care should act as a support for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain in the choice of coping strategies and perception of the human being should be holistic. No studies revealed the importance of the nurse's care work in the choice of coping strategies. More research is desirable on what nurses need to do, to enable individuals to cope and develop coping strategies.

Coping is an important concept to explain stress-related factors because it is a process that is mediated by both primary, and secondary appraisal (Lazarus &amp / Folkman, 1984). The present study aims to examine the extent to which correctional officers&#039 / cognitive appraisal associated with stress, and to develop, and test models including work stress, cognitive appraisal of stress, affect-related variables, coping strategies, psychological distress, and psychological adjustment. For this aim, a total of 268 correctional officers from seven different prisons in Turkey participated in the present study. The subjects were given Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM), Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers (WSSCO), Positive, and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Emotional Approach Coping Scale (EACS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form (STAI-T), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS), and The Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) in addition to Demographic Information Form. A variety of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to reveal the significant associates of psychological distress and adjustment. According to the results of regression analyses, four models were developed, and tested by structural equation modeling. The results of the present study demonstrated that different cognitive appraisals, different affect-related variables, different coping strategies combined to influence psychological distress, and psychological adjustment measures in addition to the direct effects of work stress. Following discussion of the results in terms of theoretical, and methodological perspectives, the limitations of the present study, and the suggestions for future research were also handled.

The study aimed at investigation the sources of stress that english instructors who work at the English Preparatory Schools of the Middle East Technical University and Ankara University experience and the strategies that they use to cope with stress related to their professions. Two scales which consist of a demographic inventory, two questionnaires and a semi structured interwiew were developed by the researces the first scale is &quot / stress factors and coping strategies questionnaire for english instructors&quot / the result of which was analyzed by SPSS under five headings. This data gathering instrument was implemented on 174 English Instructors working at four univesities in Ankara. Data gathered from 112 English Instructors in Ankara University and METU English Preparatory Schools represented the result of the main study. In analayzing the data, descriptive statistics as frequency, percent, average and standart deviation, and inferential statistics as ANOVA was used. The second scale of the current study is a semi structured interview. This scale was piloted with 6 instructors to check the reliability. Finally,was conducted with 6 instructors from two represent the participants of the main study. The result of the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The result of the study revealed an inverse correlation between the stress level of english instructors and their effectivness in coping. The most stress causing factors were &quot / student attitudes&quot / and &quot / working overload&quot / while the most employed coping strategies were &quot / in class coping&quot / , &quot / planfulness&quot / , and &quot / self support&quot