The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Stress Management Training Program on perceived stress, self-efficacy and coping styles of preparatory school students in Middle East Technical University. Pre-posttest experimental control group design was used to investigate the effectiveness of Stress Management Training Program. Before the main study, reliability and validity studies of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), College Adjustment Self-efficacy Scale (CASES) and Student Coping Instrument (SCOPE) were carried out with one hundred and forty one students. Three hundred and sixty six students (154 females and 212 males) contributed the main study. Among them, sixteen students were randomly assigned in the experimental and control group. While the Stress Management Training Program was applied for experimental group, control group did not receive any treatment. The program continued for six weeks, once a week for 90 minutes. The program included the effective and in-effective ways of coping with stress, emotions and thoughts that affect behaviors, relaxation training, problem solving and assertiveness training. ANOVA, Mann-Withney U and two-related samples Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze data. The results of analysis of variance showed a gender difference between males and females. Females had higher scores in perceived stress, socially related life events and emotion-focused coping. The results of Wilcoxon test showed a significant reduction between pre and post test scores of experimental group in perceived stress scores and the frequency of socially related life events. No difference was found for CASES and SCOPE.At the end of the study, the findings were discussed and recommendations were presented.

The objective of this study was to examine the handling influence on breath rate and plasma corticosterone in adult common voles. Furthermore, the examination of relationship between physiological and personality traits was performed. A device consisting of chamber, pressure sensor and oscilloscope measured the breath rate. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for corticosterone analysis. Behavioural characteristics were assessed in Open field test (OFT) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). The results did not prove the significant impact on resting breath rate and plasma corticosterone level. However, the handled individuals had nearly significantly lower stress breath rate compared to the non-handled individuals. Significant relationship between breath rate and behavioural traits was not detected. Nevertheless, the individuals with lower stress-induced plasma corticosterone performed significantly longer exploration in Elevated Plus Maze.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar as relações entre a Terapia Sociocomunitária, estilos de coping religioso/espiritual e qualidade de vida. A Terapia Sociocomunitária é uma intervenção psicossocial criada pela pesquisadora que utiliza a metodologia psicodramática de Moreno, a Técnica de Construção de Imagens (TCI) de Rojas-Bermudez e alguns elementos do enquadre terapêutico da Terapia Comunitária de Barreto. As referências teóricas e conceituais da pesquisa foram o Psicodrama (Moreno), os estudos de Coping Religioso e de Estilos de Coping de Pargament e a proposta de bem-estar psicológico de Ryff e Keyes. O desenho metodológico da pesquisa, ancorado na Metodologia Multidimensional de Morin e desenvolvido no formato de Estudo de Casos, de Yin, foi composto por oito participantes da Terapia Sociocomunitária; todas eram mulheres, com idade variando de 40 a 66 anos, que se declararam predominantemente evangélicas batistas. Como instrumentos metodológicos, foram utilizados questionário geral sobre dados sociodemográficos e vida religiosa dos participantes e entrevista de profundidade. Os resultados, obtidos a partir da Análise dos Sentidos de Aguiar e Ozella e explicitados através dos núcleos de significação, atestaram a relação entre a participação na Terapia Sociocomunitária e o incremento no uso do estilo de coping religioso colaborativo, bem como também evidenciaram-se mudanças no padrão religioso dos participantes, que apontaram para uma maior intimidade e liberdade com Deus e com as práticas religiosas. Verificou-se também uma melhor qualificação de vida dos participantes, expressa através dos seguintes elementos do bem-estar psicológico: a autoaceitação, o crescimento pessoal, o propósito de vida e o relacionamento positivo com outras pessoas. Conclui-se que esta pesquisa colabora para a produção de conhecimento tanto no campo da Psicologia da Religião quanto no campo das psicoterapias e dos estudos de qualidade de vida, mas propõe que, devido à sua restrita circunscrição, outros estudos devam ser realizados, ampliando assim os resultados aqui verificados no que se refere a um número maior de participantes, que sejam de ambos os sexos, com pessoas de outras adesões religiosas, a partir de outras abordagens interventivas e através de outros caminhos metodológicos, incluindo os estudos quantiqualitativos / The overall objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between the Socio-Community Therapy, spiritual/religious coping styles and quality of life. The Socio-Community Therapy is a psychosocial intervention created by the researcher who uses Moreno´s Psychodrama Methodology, the Rojas-Bermudez´s Image Construction Technique (ICT) and some elements of the therapeutic pattern of Barreto´s Community Therapy. The conceptual and theoretical references of the research were Psychodrama (Moreno), Pargaments studies of Religious Coping and Coping Styles, and Ryff´s and Keyes´ psychological well-being proposal. The research methodological design, anchored in Morin´s Multidimensional Methodology, and developed in the Yin case studies format, was composed of eight participants of the socio-community therapy, being all women aged 40-66, who declared themselves predominantly Evangelical Christian Baptists. A general questionnaire on sociodemographic and religious life of the participants and depth interview were used as methodological instruments. The results from the analysis of senses of Aguiar and Ozella, and expressed through the meaning core, testified the relationship between participation in the socio-community therapy and increased use of collaborative religious coping style, as well as demonstrated changes in the religious pattern of the participants that pointed to a greater intimacy and freedom with God and religious practices. There was also a better qualification of life of participants expressed through the following elements of psychological well-being: the self-acceptance, personal growth, life purpose and positive relationships with other people. It is concluded that this research contributes to the production of knowledge both in the field of Psychology of Religion and Psychotherapies, and studies of quality of life, however, due to its limited constituency it suggests that other studies should be conducted, expanding then the results verified here with regard to a greater number of participants that are of both genders, with people of other religious adhesions, from other interventional approaches and through other methodological approaches, including quanti-qualitative studies

No description available.

Approximately one million people in the United States suffer from aphasia. There are multiple types of aphasia, however they are usually placed into two categories: non-fluent or fluent. The psychosocial factors that are impacted due to the type of aphasia has not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine how non-fluent and fluent Individuals With Aphasia (IWA) compare or contrast across three psychosocial factors, Quality of Life (QoL), coping style, and resilience. The World Health Quality of Life- BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), Assimilative-Accommodative Coping Scale (AACS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 item version (CD-RISC-10), were administered once to 24 subjects with a diagnosis of aphasia. Four of the subjects were excluded after administration, due to incompletion of questionnaire or not meeting inclusion criteria. A cross sectional multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) study design was utilized with a separate one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) utilized to analyze each domain and scale individually. Results from the MANOVA analysis showed no statistically significant difference between non-fluent and fluent IWA when considered jointly among the three Likert scales. However, a separate ANOVA was conducted for each scale individually and showed a statistically significant difference between fluent and non-fluent IWA in the domains of Social Relationships and Environment for the WHOQOL-BREF scale. There was no statistically significant difference discovered among the other domains and scales. In conclusion, the significant difference found between fluent and non-fluent IWA in the domains of Social Relationships and Environment, may be due to the majority of the fluent IWA being categorized as anomic, a higher functioning form of aphasia. Whereas the majority of non-fluent IWA were categorized as having Broca’s aphasia, which greatly affects speech output and, in six out of nine participants, hemiplegia was noted. Future research may want to take into account the severity of aphasia when comparing and contrasting non-fluent and fluent IWA.

No description available.

The diploma thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The objective of the theoretical part is to introduce basic terms and ideas related to emotions (with focus on emotional regulation) and to map different views on the possibilities of emotional regulation. Further, the thesis mainly deals with the repressive coping style. Included in the conclusion of the theoretical part is a short chapter dealing with motivation, especially the implicit motives. This whole part of the thesis is based on specialised literature. The practical part contains an empirical research, before the beginning of which a small number of repressors had been found using a screening method. The research itself maps the subjective views of these repressors on the regulation of their own emotions and their implicit motivational tendencies. Conclusions and a summary of results are given at the end of the practical part.

No description available.

Arguably the most popular current theories of dreaming are the functional theories, including the emotional adaptation or problem-solving theory. These theories revolve around the idea that dreams may serve an independent adaptive function, helping us to adjust to, cope with, or resolve emotionally difficult life circumstances, problems and concerns. Contrary to these theories, other researchers have argued that dreams may have no function of their own, but are an epiphenomenon of REM sleep. The cognitive theories of dreaming suggest that dream content is continuous with waking concerns and preoccupations, and that dreaming about waking concerns is not adaptive but reflective, in a similar way that waking thought or daydreaming is reflective, of what is uppermost in the mind of the dreamer. A relatively small body of research (e.g., Barrett, 1993; Cartwright, 1991; Kramer, 1993) relating to individuals who have experienced major stressful life events, is often cited as support for the theory that dreams serve the specific function of helping us to adjust or adapt to current events. Until recently, this body of work has gone largely unexamined and unreplicated, though some have questioned the findings and their implications for the function of dreaming. The research presented in this thesis examined whether dream content reflects a process of adjustment in people who had recently experienced a marital separation, by investigating the relationship between their dream content in relation to measures of adjustment over time. In Study 1, 97 recently separated participants and 93 married controls were tested on personality and coping factors, asked to answer questions about their dream content, and then monitored over 12 months for change in their adjustment. In Study 2, a subset of 42 separated participants kept dream logs for a period of four weeks. Their dream reports were subjected to a qualitative analysis of thematic content, including threat and threat mastery, and analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between threat content, mastery and adjustment. In Study 3, a subset of eight Study 2 participants participated in a case study analysis which investigated contextual information about their individual situations in relation to their dream content and adjustment, in order to explore, in a more detailed way, the relationship between dream themes, adjustment, and waking concerns. Study 4 was designed to compare the findings of the previous studies with a separate sample, using three different methodologies for the collection of dream content data. This study was carried out to replicate the previous studies with the addition of a laboratory-based data collection technique. In Study 4, 18 separated participants spent one night in the sleep laboratory, monitored with a Nightcap, which allowed dream data to be collected from them via questionnaires, dream logs, and REM awakenings. Across all of the studies, and regardless of the method used to measure dream recall and content, there was a significant concurrent relationship between better adjustment and fewer dreams relating to participants’ marital situations. Those with the most distress were the same ones who were dreaming excessively about their separation. These findings suggest that dreams are continuous with waking preoccupation, and do not function to aid adjustment. As such, they did not support the functional adaptation theories of dreaming. The findings were more consistent with the cognitive theories of dreaming, including the theory that dreams have meaning, but no independent function of their own. A significant relationship was, however, found between ego strength, coping style and adjustment, highlighting the greater influence of internal personal resources in adjusting to difficult life circumstances. While these findings do not discount the suggestion that individuals derive significant personal meaning from their dreams, nor the possibility that dreams may reflect something of the function of REM sleep, they do suggest that “adaptationist” assumptions of functional theories of dreaming may be unfounded.

Introduction : Identifier des mécanismes sous-tendant l’association entre les évènements stressants et la dépression est essentiel pour développer des interventions de santé publique ciblées. Pour faire face aux évènements stressants, les individus adoptent des styles d'adaptation qui sont associés différemment aux symptômes dépressifs. Cependant, aucune étude n'a évalué si le style d'adaptation est médiateur et/ou modérateur de cette association. Objectifs : Examiner chacun des styles soit l’adaptation centrée sur le problème, l’adaptation centrée sur les émotions et l’adaptation évitante comme médiateur et/ou modérateur de l’association entre les évènements stressants et les symptômes dépressifs chez les jeunes adultes. Méthodes : Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) est une étude longitudinale portant sur 1294 participants recrutés en secondaire I dans 10 écoles secondaires de Montréal, Québec entre 1999–2000. L’analyse actuelle utilise les données (n = 782) de questionnaires auto-rapportés recueillis après le secondaire entre 2011–2012. En utilisant la décomposition en quatre parties de VanderWeele, l’effet total d’évènements stressants sur les symptômes dépressifs a été décomposé en composantes représentant la modération uniquement, la médiation uniquement, l’interaction médiée et ni la médiation ni la modération par chaque style d’adaptation. Résultats : Nous avons observé une modération par l’adaptation centrée sur le problème (β ̂(IC à 95%)=-1.51(-2.22, -1.06)) et une médiation (0.15(0.05, 0.17)) et une modération (1.16(1.05, 1.68) par l’adaptation centrée sur les émotions. L’adaptation évitante n’a ni médiatisé ni modéré cette association. Ainsi, les individus ayant une adaptation centrée sur le problème présentent moins de symptômes dépressifs lorsqu’ils sont exposés à plus d’évènements stressants. Ceux ayant une adaptation centrée sur les émotions présentent plus de symptômes dépressifs. Conclusion : Ces résultats suggèrent que les interventions préventives contre la dépression chez les jeunes adultes devraient inclure des éléments pour renforcer les stratégies d'adaptation centrées sur le problème et pour minimiser les stratégies d'adaptation centrées sur les émotions. / Introduction: Identifying potential mechanisms underpinning the association between stressful life events and depression is key to developing targeted public health interventions. To cope with stressful experiences, individuals adopt coping styles which are differentially associated with depressive symptoms. However, no study has assessed whether coping style mediates and/or moderates this association. Objectives: To examine each of problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidant coping style as a mediator and/or moderator of the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in young adults. Methods: The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) is a longitudinal study including 1294 participants recruited in grade 7 from 10 high schools in Montreal Quebec between 1999–2000. The current analysis uses data (n = 782) from self-report questionnaires collected post-high school between 2011–2012. Using VanderWeele’s four-way decomposition approach, the total effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms was decomposed into components representing moderation only, mediation only, mediated interaction and neither mediation nor moderation by each coping style. Results: We observed moderation by problem-focused coping (β ̂(95%CI)=-1.51(-2.22, -1.06)) and mediation (0.15(0.05, 0.17)) and moderation (1.16(1.05, 1.68) by emotion-focused coping. An avoidant coping style neither mediated nor moderated this association. Thus, individuals reporting more problem-focused coping experienced fewer depressive symptoms when exposed to more stressful life events; those reporting more emotion-focused coping experienced more depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that preventive interventions for depression in young adults should include components to reinforce problem-focused coping strategies and should minimize negative emotion-focused coping strategies.