Low back pain has long been estimated to be the most prevalent and debilitating source of chronic pain. The present study first reviews the literature addressing the various theories of pain, the physiological and psychological variables important in pain research, and the psychotherapeutic approaches that have been used to date to reduce pain. Thirty-seven hospitalized chronic back pain patients were administered the cold-pressor test and a medical pain stimulus procedure which was medically relevant to their back pathology. A card-sort method was utilized in order to assess the coping strategies employed by the patients during these two pain stimulus tasks. These procedures were repeated following treatment. Coping strategies used by patients during the two pain tasks were compared. Results demonstrated that there was a significant difference in the manner in which patients coped with the two types of pain. Cold-pressor measures of pain threshold and tolerance were not significantly different between pretreatment and post-treatment. These measures were also not positively correlated with treatment outcome. A multiple regression approach demonstrated that particular coping strategies were significantly predictive of treatment outcome. The medical pain stimulus procedure was found to provide more significant pedictor variables than the cold-pressor test. At pre-treatment assessment, patients who relied on dramatized coping strategies were less likely to be successful in treatment. Breathing activity and pain acknowledgement were positive coping techniques highly predictive of successful outcome in this study. The use of computers for assessment and other recommendations for future research were discussed.

The aim of this work is to identify what helped young adults during their childhood to cope with stress situations, which was for them the divorce of their parents, what their coping made worse, how they look on that situation with the passage of time and whether they already feel balanced with it. In the theoretical part are the key issues the divorce and coping strategies. Attention is focused especially on experiencing and coping with divorce by children. For coherence of this topic this part also touches the short-term and long-term impact of divorce on children and family structure after divorce. The empirical part is based on a qualitative analysis of 12 interviews with young adults who experienced parental divorce during childhood. For data evaluation is used thematic analysis. The results revealed protective and risk factors that correspond with the findings mentioned in scientific literature. Keywords: Divorce, family, psychosocial stress, coping strategies

Successful aging: coping strategies Abstract The goal of the present work is to explore strategies used by seniors in order to achieve the successful aging. Theoretical and methodological bases are formed by the hermeneutic-narrative approach. The empirical material consists of five narratives collected using the method of narrative interview. For narrative analysis of the interview there are two different interpretive perspectives used: Imagoes and Coping strategies. The work follows the concept of "The ninth stage of human development", whose authors are J. M. Erikson and E. H. Erikson, and focuses on the topic of how to be successful in the ninth stage. Keywords: successful aging, coping strategies, narrative analysis

The purpose of the present study is firstly to investigate the problem of burnout among primary and secondary school teachers in the Czech Republic, secondly to explore the use of coping strategies against the occupational stress and burnout. According to many studies, burnout may be the result of unrelenting long lasting stress (Freudenberger, 1974; Holland, 1982; Peeters & Rutte, 2005). Correlation analyses was carried out in order to determine the relationship between burnout and coping strategies used by teachers. Subsequently the results were discussed with findings from several previous studies. Furthermore both teacher burnout and coping strategies were compared in various teachers' demographic variables - gender, education, age, school size and level taught, years of experiences and finally class and non-class teaching. In association with burnout, the results indicated 4,6 % of participants, who suffer from burnout often. 56 % teachers of our sample experience burnout rarely or very rarely and 39,3 % of teachers experience burnout never or very rarely. Significant difference was found in age category. Teachers in age 46-60 years experience the highest level of burnout. Regarding the coping strategies, 34 % of teachers use negative coping strategies. Positive correlation between level of...

Cette étude vise à explorer les paradoxes existants dans l'offre durable de produits alimentaires et, les comportements adoptés par les consommateurs percevant ces paradoxes. Le modèle théorique retenu est celui de Mick et Fournier (1998), initialement construit pour étudier les paradoxes des technologies modernes et adapté au cadre de l'Alimentation Durable. Une enquête qualitative a été menée auprès de 84 consommateurs ordinaires en France et en Italie. Puis 18 sujets participants à l'AMAP, ou à des Associations de Consommateurs, ont été interviewés. Les entretiens semi-directifs réalisés ont permis une exploration des paradoxes perçus et des stratégies de coping adoptées selon deux moments: avant l'adoption d'un choix durable et lors du choix durable (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984). Enfin nous avons essayé de dégager des caractéristiques spécifiques à l'égard des deux pays: la France et l'Italie, soit liées aux facteurs structurels (ex. marché de produits alimentaires durables) soit des éléments culturels, ainsi que par rapport aux consommateurs grâce à la proposition de profils types. Pourtant ce travail a des objectifs théoriques, c'est-à-dire de vérifier la présence de paradoxes à l'égard de l'offre alimentaire durable; puis méthodologiques en adaptant le modèle de Mick et Fournier au cadre spécifique de recherche; enfin pratiques en mettant en lumière des éléments qui freinent le développement de l'offre durable actuelle. / This study aims to explore existing paradoxes in sustainable offer of food products and consequently behaviours of consumers at the time of perceiving these paradoxes. The related theoretical model is that of Mick and Fournier (1998), built initially for studying the paradoxes of modern technologies and adapted at the case of sustainable food consumption. A qualitative survey has been conducted among 84 ordinary consumers in France and Italy. Later other 18 subjects, already involved into sustainable purchases (participants of AMAP or Associations of Consumers), have been interviewed. The semi-structured interviews have shed light on perceived paradoxes and adopted coping strategies faced with two moments: before sustainable choice and at the moment of sustainable choice (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984). Last we have achieved to distinguish specific elements attached to two contexts of research: France and Italy, such as structural factors (market of sustainable food products) and cultural ones, and after in regard with consumers by proposing some profiles-types. So that this work has three objectives: theoretical as to verify the paradoxes listed towards the offer of food sustainable products; methodological regarding the adaptation of conceptual model of Mick et Fournier (1998) to specific context of research and then practical ones in order to distinguish some elements which can affect negatively the development of sustainable current offer.

This thesis describes coping in pacients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. It focuses especially on the cognitive evaluation of pain and coping strategies. Furthermore it deals with the emotional changes in chronic pain. The theoretical part consists of the development of access to pain and the overview of some current knowledge of biological and psychosocial determinant of pain. Emphasis is placed on a holistic, biopsychosocial approach to the issue. Empirical part consists of research aimed at assesing the important factors that contribute to cope life with pain, as in terms of personal dispositions of an individual, so in terms of environmental influence. The main aim of the research is to identity the most used coping strategies and to assess their effectiveness. Keywords: chronic disease, chronic pain, coping resources, coping strategies

The thesis deals with the concept of stress and emotional intelligence. First, it discusses the major theories of stress, coping strategies and resilience. Furthermore, they are presented and described in more detail methods for identifying coping strategies. The next chapter describes the burnout syndrome and its causes. Chapter emotional intelligence deals with theoretical inputs of these issues and, as with stress are also presented in this chapter methods of detecting emotional intelligence. The last chapter focuses on the personality of the prison warden and qualification requirements for the profession. The empirical part deals with the research of emotional intelligence and coping strategies among prison guards. Subsequently outputs are evaluated quantitatively processed results of these two variables and the correlation between them.

Backrounds: This thesis is focused on the research of coping strategies and attachment between parents and their teenage children are treated in the Child and Adolescent Department of Addictology at the Department of Addictology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University. The study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection using the method of triangulation. It consists of questionnaires, case studies and focus groups. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to describe the type of attachment with close persons in adolescents using addictive substances or dependent on processes. Furthermore, the work aims to map the relationship between the type of attachement and coping strategies in adolescents who exhibit addictive behavior. Sample: Questionnaire survey was attended by 35 respondents. The research involved 51% of boys and 49% girls, see graph No. 1. Age structure of respondents is from 13 to 19 years. Methods: Data were obtained from three different sources that were triangulated with each other. it is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. The first source is a battery of questionnaires: ECR-R Experience in Close Relationships and SVF-78 questionnaire of coping strategies. The second source consist of case reports of three patients, which is demonstrated on...

Stress kan vara positivt och negativt. Lite stress kan skärpa sinnet och förmågan att arbeta, men en för lång period med stress är negativt och skadligt. Stress ökar i samhället, inte minst inom yrken som vård och omsorg. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur stress, privat stöd och energi i arbetslivet ser ut på tre äldreboenden. I studien undersöks även hur olika strategier kan påverka och förbättra enskilda individers stresspåverkan. En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie baserad på enkäter gör det empiriska underlaget. Tre äldreboenden har studerats för att undersöka sambandet mellan energi, privatstöd och stress. Studien visar att medarbetarna på äldreboendena känner sig slutkörda med höga krav och låg kontroll enligt stress- och energi modellen. Studien påvisar ett negativt samband mellan privat stöd och stress. När en deltagares privata stöd är högt är stressen låg men för de individer där privata stödet är lågt är istället stressen hög. Inga andra samband kan påvisas. / Stress can be positive and negative. A little stress can sharpen the mind and the ability to work, but a too long period of stress is negative and harmful. The stress is increasing in society, especially in professions as nursing and care. This study aims to examine how stress, private support and energy at work looks at three homes for the elderly. The study also explores how different strategies can influence and improve individuals' stress effects. A quantitative cross-sectional study based on surveys makes the empirical basis. Three elderly have been studied to examine the relationship between energy, private support and stress. The study shows that employees of nursing homes feel exhausted with high demands and low control by the stress and energy model. The study demonstrates a negative relationship between private support and stress. When a participant private support is high is the stress low but for those individuals where private support is low the stress is high. No other connection can be demonstrated.

In view of the unprecedented escalation in unplanned teenage pregnancies in South Africa, this research study sought to explore contributing factors, consequences, challenges, needs and coping strategies surrounding teenage pregnancy. The study was based on a qualitative research paradigm. The research used purposive sampling as a strategy to target three particular categories of individuals for investigations (i.e. parents/caregivers, teenagers and teachers). Semi-structured interview schedules were the instruments used to gather data during face-to-face interviews with the participants. The sample consisted of eight teenage mothers and one expectant teenage mother in Grade 9 to Grade 12; six parents who had children who had experienced teenage pregnancy and six teachers who were or are teaching teenagers. In order to analyze the qualitative data, a typical form of thematic content analysis was utilised. The main conclusion based on the research findings was that the challenges, needs and coping strategies perceived by the three groups of participants were similar and associated with one another. Although most of the most of the findings coming to the fore have also been apparent in previous research studies, it enhanced the knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon of teenage pregnancy from a triangulation perspective, namely teenagers and primary role players in their lives. It is hoped that the recommendations made, based on the research findings, will lead to improved social work intervention strategies, and services offered by other people responsible for addressing this social problem in the South African context..