The rise of market globalization creates challenges for business executives seeking to pursue foreign direct investment (FDI) in least developed countries (LDC), such as Afghanistan. Multinational corporate (MNC) executives need strategies that will improve the timely delivery of minerals for mining projects in LDCs. Guided by the force field analysis theory, the purpose of this holistic, single-case study was to explore the strategies that 5 MNC executives in Beijing, China, used to improve the timely delivery of minerals associated with the Aynak copper mine project in Afghanistan. Semistructured interviews were used to elicit detailed narratives from MNC executives about their experiences to develop strategies for mining projects in LDCs. A review of company documents, as well as member-checking of initial interview transcripts, helped to bolster the trustworthiness of final interpretations. Study results included 2 themes. Theme 1 was determinants of mine investment strategies in LDCs that included an exploration of driving forces, restraining forces, neutral forces, and the effect of those forces. Theme 2 was FDI strategies for copper mine projects in LDCs that included the comparison of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, and combination of cost leadership and differentiation strategies. By implementing a cost leadership strategy and best practices, MNC executives were able to achieve greater success to improve timely delivery of minerals associated with FDI copper mine projects in LDCs. Social implications include ongoing efforts of Afghan government leaders to implement effective economic policies that decrease unemployment while reducing poverty.

Ökad efterfråga på koppar har inneburit att man börjat prospektera områden där kopparhalten är låg. Ett sådant område är Laver i Älvsbyn kommun där Boliden vill etablera ett dagbrott i vad som förut var ett gruvsamhälle men nu står övergivet. Den planerade gruvan orsakar konflikter med närliggande rennäring, Natura 2000-områden samt har konsekvenser för miljön och samhället i Älvsbyn. Denna rapport undersöker effekterna av den tidigare och planerade gruvan i Laver med fokus på hur efterbehandling ska gå till och hur den påverkar olika aktörer. Materialet är hämtat från litteratur, intervjuer och ett fältarbete i Laver och har resulterat i en scenarioanalys där påverkan på miljön, rennäring och samhället värderats. Om en gruva etableras i Laver kan gruvavfallet tas hand om av Boliden och det finns idéer om hur en efterbehandling kan tillgodose kommunens behov men projektet riskerar att slå ut rennäringen. Det är därför viktigt att konsekvenserna vägs utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv där alla aktörers intressen tillgodoses. / An increasing demand for copper has led to the prospecting of areas with low copper content. One such area is Laver in Älvsbyn municipality where Boliden Mineral AB wants to establish an open pit mine in what was once an old mining settlement. The planned mine causes conflicts with nearby reindeer husbandry, Natura 2000-areas and has consequences for the environment as well as the society in Älvsbyn. This report examines the effects of both the old and planned mine in Laver, with a focus on the after-treatment and how the concerned agents become affected by a new mine. A scenario analysis was made by gathering information from literature, interviews and a field work at the mining site. This scenario analysis compares and values the impact on the local environment, reindeer herding and society. The planned mine will be on a larger scale than the old one and will therefore have to take more aspects of future impacts into account. If a mine is established in Laver, most of the waste can be taken care of by Boliden. There are some ideas on how the after-treatment can meet the needs of the municipality, but the reindeer husbandry is at great risk of vanishing from the area. Hence, it’s of importance that future consequences are weighed from a holistic perspective where the interests of all agents are met.

No description available.

The rise of market globalization creates challenges for business executives seeking to pursue foreign direct investment (FDI) in least developed countries (LDC), such as Afghanistan. Multinational corporate (MNC) executives need strategies that will improve the timely delivery of minerals for mining projects in LDCs. Guided by the force field analysis theory, the purpose of this holistic, single-case study was to explore the strategy that 5 MNC executives in Beijing, China, used to improve the timely delivery of minerals associated with the Aynak copper mine project in Afghanistan. Semistructured interviews were used to elicit detailed narratives from MNC executives about their experiences to develop strategies for mining projects in LDCs. A review of company documents, as well as member-checking of initial interview transcripts, helped to bolster the trustworthiness of final interpretations. Study results included 2 themes. Theme 1 was determinants of mine investment strategies in LDCs that included an exploration of driving forces, restraining forces, neutral forces, and the effect of those forces. Theme 2 was FDI strategies for copper mine projects in LDCs that included the comparison of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, and combination of cost leadership and differentiation strategies. By implementing a cost leadership strategy and best practices, MNC executives were able to achieve greater success to improve timely delivery of minerals associated with FDI copper mine projects in LDCs. Social implications include ongoing efforts of Afghan government leaders to implement effective economic policies that decrease unemployment while reducing poverty.

No description available.

Den här studien utgår ifrån två svenska koppargruvor varav den ena, Aitik i Gällivare, är idrift och den andra, Falu gruva, stängde 1992. Studiens syfte är att undersöka förutsättningarna för att använda Falu gruva som modell för den framtida avvecklingen av Aitik, med särskilt avseende på efterbehandling, kulturarvsprocesser och återanvändning. Inom ramen för kulturarvsprocesser och återanvändning beaktas särskilt lärande.Metodansatsen är kvalitativ och den teoretiska utgångspunkten är att en gruva kan ses som ett stort sociotekniskt system bestående av artefakter och sociala komponenter. Genom intervjuer med representanter från Falu gruvas ägare och Aitiks ägare samt från Gällivare kommun genererades data. Data från intervjuerna samt från en mindre dokumentstudieut gjorde studiens resultat. Detta analyserades tematiskt och diskuterades utifrån uppsatsens teoriavsnitt. Resultatet visar att Aitik kan utvecklas vid en framtida avveckling och att Falu gruva i vissa avseenden kan användas som modell för denna process. Bland annat kan Falu gruva användas som modell för Aitik avseende utbildning som en del av återanvändning, där Aitikkan lära av Falu gruva genom att inte göra samma misstag som gjorts där. Resultatet visar emellertid också att samhällena Gällivare och Falun skiljer sig mycket åt, både vad gäller samhällsidentitet och samhällets relation till gruvan. Slutsatsen av den här studien är att aspekter såsom att betrakta artefakter som en resurs; gruvans roll i samhället; samt vem som definierar kulturarv är centrala för att kunna använda Falu gruva som modell för Aitikmed hänsyn till lärande. / This study is about two Swedish copper mines, Aitik in Gällivare which is still in use and theFalun mine, which closed in 1992. The aim of this study is to explore the prerequisites for using the Falun mine as a model for the future closure of the Aitik mine, with regards specifically to mine reclamation, heritagisation and reuse. In particular, the aspect of learning within the heritagisation and reuse framework is discussed. A qualitative research method has been used and the theoretical starting point is that a mine can be seen as a large technological system consisting of artifacts and social components. Data has been collected through interviews with representatives from the Falun mine owners, the Aitik mine owners and from the local government of Gällivare. This data, along with data from a limited document study, made up the results of this study. The results were then analyzed thematically and discussed against the theoretical frameworks used in this study. The results show that Aitik can be developed post-closure and that the Falun mine can, ins ome regards, be used as a model for this development process. Among other aspects, theFalun mine can be used as a model for Aitik for education as a part of reusing the mine, where Aitik can learn from the Falun mine by not making the same mistakes that were made there. However, the results show that the Gällivare and Falun societies are different in terms of identity and in their relations towards the mines. The conclusion of this study is that aspects such as regarding artifacts as resources; the mine’s role in society; and who determines what a cultural heritage is, are all important in order to use the Falun mine as a model for Aitik from an educational perspective.

The scope of this work has been limited to a discussion of employer-employee relationships in the field of metal mining and does not include consideration of labour problems in connection with the production of coal, non-metallic ores, or structural materials. The Introductory part deals with the early history of gold, mining and the subsequent discovery and development of the base-metal resources of the province. In this connection, a study is made of the geographical distribution and extent of these natural resources. A series of charts indicate* the locations of the major producing areas within British Columbia. The expansion of the industry through the years is now considered and developments are traced leading to the present scale of operations. Comparative graphs are presented indicating production scales, average price movements and employment statistics with regard to each of the major metals produced in the province. Attention is now directed to the development of trade unionism in the industry. This deals with the early history of the Western Federation of Miners and the later growth of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, which now represents organized labour in the metal mines. The role of government in labour relations is shown to be an important factor. A study is made of the effects of such legislative enactments, as, the Industrial Disputes investigation Act, the Wartime. Labour Relations Regulations Act (P.O.1003), and the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of British Columbia. Under the provisions of the last-mentioned act, which provides definite procedures for collective bargaining, some eighteen agreements are now in effect. Two of these actual agreements between the union and major producers have been made the subject for special study in the presentation of this phase of the subject. The strike record of the industry is now dealt with and the account of events leading up to the strike of 1946 among the gold producers is presented as being illustrative of the procedures followed. The present impasse of 1948 involving the same producers is shown to be an aftermath of the 1946 dispute. The discussion is concluded with an appraisal of present working conditions obtaining in the industry and current trends and indications are considered which would appear to have a bearing on future employer-employee relationships and the general welfare of the labour force, in the metal-mining industry. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

Falu Gruvas hästar har historiskt sett varit av stor betydelse för det dagliga arbetet vid gruvan. De användes ovan jord för transport av bland annat ved och malm, men även för att driva de många hästvindar som från och med 1540-talet användes för uppfordring samt för att pumpa upp grundvatten ur gruvan. Mellan 1697 och 1815 arbetade även hästar under jord med att driva hästvindar samt frakta malm. Dessa hästar hissades till en början ned i gruvan genom schakten dagligen, men fick sedan bo nere i gruvan där de kom att tillbringa merparten av sina liv. Uppsatsen ger en bred bild av flertalet aspekter av hästarnas liv, med fokus på tiden 1540 till 1815 då hästarna var som viktigast för att hålla igång gruvdriften. Trots hästarnas framstående roll i gruvans historia har de aldrig haft någon framträdande roll i historieskrivningen. Denna uppsats syftar till att skildra Falu Gruvas historia med hästen i fokus. / Falu mine horses have historically been of great importance for the daily work at the mine. They were used above ground for the transportation of for example wood and ore, but also to power the many horse capstans that were used for hoisting and for pumping groundwater out of the mine. Between 1697 and 1815 horses began to work underground as well, with running horse capstans and with transportation. At first, these horses were lowered to the bottom of the mine every day, but later they came to live below ground. This study gives a broad picture of several aspects of the horse's life, focusing on the period from 1540 to 1815, when the horses were very important to the mine. Despite the horses' prominent role in the mine's history, they have never fully been portrayed in historiography. This study aims to do that.