For more than 20 years, Christian Lindberg has been internationally recognized as the premiere trombone soloist of our time. Few, however, are familiar with his compositions. For over ten years, he has composed many solo and ensemble works for trombone. Many prominent musical organizations in the world have performed Lindberg's music, including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, and the University of North Texas Wind Ensemble. Today, Christian Lindberg has commission requests up to 2010. Christian Lindberg completed Mandrake in the Corner, a three movement concerto for trombone, in 1999. The purpose of this dissertation is to present an analysis of the first movement of Mandrake in the Corner to provide the first in depth study of Lindberg's compositional style. This analysis borrows freely from the method of Jan LaRue, which focuses on sound, harmony, melody, rhythm, and growth of musical structure on the small, middle, and large levels. The focus of this study centers on the aspects of melody, harmony, and rhythm to explain how the piece works despite the lack of a second theme or change of key in the first movement.

In applied research, a lack of understanding of corner stall, i.e. the three-dimensional (3D) separation in the juncture of the endwall and blade corner region, which has limited the efficiency and the stability of compressors. Both Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) still need to be calibrated for turbomachinery applications. In the fundamental research of the turbulent boundary layer (TBL), there are a lot of findings of the effects of curvature and pressure gradients, which also play an important role in physics of corner stall. The purpose of this thesis is (i) to carry out an experiment in a cascade, (ii) to gain a database that could be used to calibrate both RANS and LES, and (iii) to give some basic explanations of corner stall through investigating the TBL on the suction side at the mid-span which is more complex than those in the basic investigations but simpler than those in a real engine. A detailed and accurate experiment of 3D flow field through a linear compressor cascade has been set up. Experimental data were acquired for a Reynolds number of 3.82×10 ^5 based on blade chord and inlet flow conditions. Measurements have been achieved by hot-wire anemometry, pressure taps on blade and endwall, five-hole pressure probe, oil visualization, 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV),and two-component laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). An original and complete database was thus obtained. The TBL on the suction side at mid-span was investigated. The wall-normal negative pressure gradient restrains the separation, on the contrary to its influence in the corner stall. The streamwise adverse pressure gradient can be responsible for the development of Reynolds stresses. The remarkable phenomenon at measurement stations near the trailing edge of blade is that an inflection point occurs in each profile of the mean streamwise velocity. At this inflection point, the magnitudes of the Reynolds stresses reach their maximum values, and the direction of energy diffusion also changes. The velocity field in the corner stall was presented. Bimodal histograms of velocity exist in the experiment. The bimodal points mainly appear in the region around the mean interface of separated flow and non-separated flow. At a bimodal point the local two velocity components are non-independent from each other, due to the aperiodic interplay of two basic modes in the flow field. Two modes were proposed to interpret the physics of bimodal behaviour.

Presented thesis focuses on the analysis of the current state of natural science corners in Czech grammar schools and of their use in teaching about nature. All fundamental information was obtained through a survey using questionnaires. The analysis is based on a cross-sectional survey amongst 47 teachers that at present teach at grammar school (1st to 5th grade). Every subjects was asked to fill in a questionnaire containing 19 questions regarding natural science corners in subject's school. Presented graphs show the frequency of the most common answers from the pool of all obtained answers. The results clearly indicate the prevailing opinion of teachers on corners of natural science and shed light on their typical way of use in teaching about nature. Furthermore, the thesis also includes suggestions of educational activities that can be organized in a corner of natural science.

Dans le domaine de la recherche appliquée, les turbomachinistes sont confrontés à un manque de compréhension de la physique du décollement de coin. Ce décollement tridimensionnel (3D) à la jonction de l’extrados des aubages et du moyeu limite l’efficacité et la stabilité des compresseurs. Les simulations numériques utilisant les deux types de modélisations, « Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes » (RANS) et « Large Eddy Simulation » (LES), doivent encore être étalonnées pour des applications turbomachines. Dans la recherche fondamentale concernant la couche limite turbulente (TBL), il existe beaucoup d’études sur les effets de courbure et de gradients de pression qui jouent également un rôle important dans la physique du décollement de coin. Le but de cette thèse est de réaliser une expérience dans une grille d’aubes de compresseur pour acquérir une base de données qui pourrait être utilisée non seulement pour calibrer à la fois les approches RANS et LES, mais aussi pour donner quelques explications fondamentales sur le décollement de coin. Cette expérience permet aussi une étude de la TBL se développant sur l’extrados à mi-envergure des aubages, qui est plus complexe que les TBL rencontrées dans des configurations plus fondamentales, mais plus simples que celles existant d’un turboréacteur. Une expérience précise et détaillée de l’écoulement 3D au passage d’une grille d’aubes de compresseur a été mis en place. Les mesures ont été réalisées pour un nombre de Reynolds basé sur les conditions d’entrée et la corde de l’aubage de 3,82×105. Des mesures ont été réalisées par anémométrie à fil chaud, par des prises de pression sur la paroi latérale et sur l’aubage, par une sonde de pression à cinq trous, par de la visualisation d’huile, par la Vélocimétrie par Images de Particules (PIV) 2D, ainsi que par Anémométrie Laser Doppler (LDA) à deux composants. Une base de données originale et complète a ainsi été obtenue. Concernant l’étude de la TBL sur l’extrados à mi-envergure , le gradient négatif de pression normal à la paroi retarde le décollement, ce qui est paradoxal avec son influence sur le décollement de coin tel que présentée dans la littérature. Le gradient de pression adverse dans la direction de l’écoulement est responsable de l’accroissement des tensions de Reynolds. Un phénomène remarquable proche du bord de fuite de l’aubage est qu’il existe un point d’inflexion dans le profil de la vitesse moyenne de l’écoulement. A ce point d’inflexion, les grandeurs des tensions de Reynolds atteignent leurs valeurs maximales et la direction de diffusion de l’énergie est inversée. Le champ de vitesse dans le décollement de coin a été présenté. L’expérience met en évidence l’existence d’histogrammes bimodaux de vitesse. Les points de mesures faisant apparaitre ce caractère bimodal sont essentiellement localisés dans la région de l’interface du décollement de l’écoulement moyenné en temps. Deux modes ont été proposés pour interpréter la physique du comportement bimodal. Pour un point bimodal, les deux composantes de vitesse sont localement non-indépendantes, en raison de l’interaction apériodique de ces deux modes. / In applied research, a lack of understanding of corner stall, i.e. the three-dimensional (3D) separation in the juncture of the endwall and blade corner region, which has limited the efficiency and the stability of compressors. Both Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) still need to be calibrated for turbomachinery applications. In the fundamental research of the turbulent boundary layer (TBL), there are a lot of findings of the effects of curvature and pressure gradients, which also play an important role in physics of corner stall. The purpose of this thesis is (i) to carry out an experiment in a cascade, (ii) to gain a database that could be used to calibrate both RANS and LES, and (iii) to give some basic explanations of corner stall through investigating the TBL on the suction side at the mid-span which is more complex than those in the basic investigations but simpler than those in a real engine. A detailed and accurate experiment of 3D flow field through a linear compressor cascade has been set up. Experimental data were acquired for a Reynolds number of 3.82×10 ^5 based on blade chord and inlet flow conditions. Measurements have been achieved by hot-wire anemometry, pressure taps on blade and endwall, five-hole pressure probe, oil visualization, 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV),and two-component laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). An original and complete database was thus obtained. The TBL on the suction side at mid-span was investigated. The wall-normal negative pressure gradient restrains the separation, on the contrary to its influence in the corner stall. The streamwise adverse pressure gradient can be responsible for the development of Reynolds stresses. The remarkable phenomenon at measurement stations near the trailing edge of blade is that an inflection point occurs in each profile of the mean streamwise velocity. At this inflection point, the magnitudes of the Reynolds stresses reach their maximum values, and the direction of energy diffusion also changes. The velocity field in the corner stall was presented. Bimodal histograms of velocity exist in the experiment. The bimodal points mainly appear in the region around the mean interface of separated flow and non-separated flow. At a bimodal point the local two velocity components are non-independent from each other, due to the aperiodic interplay of two basic modes in the flow field. Two modes were proposed to interpret the physics of bimodal behaviour.

Les applications des techniques radar au milieu urbain constituent un domaine émergent. Une des difficultés principales est liée à la complexité du milieu de propagation induit par les bâtiments présents dans la scène. En effet, la présence de ces bâtiments génère d’une part des zones d’ombre à l’intérieur desquelles une cible n’est pas en visibilité directe, et d’autre part de nombreux multi-trajets produits par les possibles réflexions et diffractions sur les surfaces environnantes. Ces multi-trajets sont souvent vus comme une gêne, limitant les capacités de détection en radar. Or ils peuvent aussi être exploités à l’avantage du radar afin de détecter et localiser des cibles situées dans les zones d’ombre (cible en NLOS). L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est donc la mise en place de méthodes de traitement du signal permettant la détection et la localisation d’une cible en NLOS en milieu urbain et l’application de ces techniques pour détecter et localiser une cible en NLOS à partir de signaux réels. Pour cela, nous avons proposé dans un premier temps deux solutions pour la détection et la localisation de la cible en exploitant les multi-trajets. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons développé deux filtres particulaires pour pister une cible en milieu urbain en présence de multi-trajets. Ces algorithmes ont été appliqués aux données réelles issues d’une expérimentation et ont montré des résultats prometteurs : même avec une connaissance approximative de la géométrie de la scène, il a été possible de détecter, localiser et suivre une cible en exploitant uniquement l’information fournie par les retards des multi-trajets. / The applications of radar techniques to the urban environment constitute an emerging subject. One of the main difficulties is related to the complexity of the propagation environment induced by the buildings present in the scene. Indeed, the presence of these buildings generates on the one hand shadow areas within which a target is not in line of sight, and on the other hand, many multipaths produced by reflections and diffractions on the surrounding surfaces. Classically, these multipaths are often seen as an inconvenience, limiting radar detection capabilities. However, these multipaths can also be exploited to the advantage of the radar to detect and locate targets located in the shadow areas (target in NLOS). The objective of this thesis work is therefore to develop signal processing methods allowing the detection and localization of a target located in shadow areas in urban environment and to apply these techniques for detecting and locating a target in NLOS from realistic or even real signals. For this, we first proposed two solutions for detection and localization of a target by exploiting multipath information. In a second step, we developed two particle filters to track a target in urban environment in the presence of multipaths. These algorithms have been applied to real data and showed promising results: even with an approximate knowledge of the geometry of the scene, it has been possible to detect, locate and track a target by exploiting only the information on multipath delays.

Relationship between animal signalization and environmental conditions, where these species are living, is one of crucial topics of ecology. Using two complementary statistical approaches (fourth-corner and RLQ analyzes) I investigated geographical variation in parameters of bird vocalization in South Africa (RSA) and Lesotho. Altogether, I used nine quantitative and five qualitative acoustic traits for 472 bird species and nine environmental variables which could significantly influence parameters of their vocalization. My results supported findings of previous studies about the important effect of body size on species-specific vocal characteristics. In passerines, analyzes corrected for body size showed that the number of elements and element types were increasing with variability of natural conditions and were highest in very arid and climatically unpredictable areas. Element and element type rate were positively associated with altitude. Minimal song frequency in passerines and frequency range of vocalization in other birds were negatively correlated with average temperature of warmest and coldest month of the year, respectively. Similarly, environmental variables significantly influenced distribution of several qualitative song traits in passerines. Passerines, where female song and...

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology has become increasingly attractive because of the strong light confinement, which significantly reduces the footprint of the photonic components, and the possibility of monolithically integrating advanced photonic waveguide circuits with complex electronic circuits, which may reduce the cost of photonic integrated circuits by mass production. This thesis is dedicated to numerical simulation and experimental performance measurement of passive SOI waveguide devices. The thesis consists of two main parts. In the first part, SOI curved waveguide and corner turning mirror are studied. Propagation losses of the SOI waveguide devices are accurately measured using a Fabry-Perot interference method. Our measurements verify that the SOI corner turning mirror structures can not only significantly reduce the footprint size, but also reduce the access loss by replacing the curved sections in any SOI planar lightwave circuit systems. In the second part, an optical 90o hybrid based on 4 × 4 multimode interference (MMI) coupler is studied. Its quadrature phase behavior is verified by both numerical simulations and experimental measurements.

Master of Science / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / William B. Kuhn / A technique for measuring and characterizing transistor noise is presented. The primary goal of the measurements is to locate the 1/f noise corner for select transistors in Silicon-on-Sapphire processes. Additionally, the magnitude of the background channel noise of each transistor is measured. With this data, integrated circuit (IC) engineers will have a qualitative and quantitative resource for selecting transistors in designs with low noise requirements. During tests, transistor noise behavioral change is investigated over varying channel lengths, device type (N-type and P-type), threshold voltage, and bias voltage levels. Noise improvements for increased channel lengths from minimal, 1.0μm, and 4.0μm are measured. Transistors with medium and high threshold voltages are tested for comparison of their noise performance. The bias voltages are chosen to represent typical design values used in practice, with approximately 400 mV overdrive and a drain-to-source voltage range of 0.5 to 3.0V. The transistors subjected to tests are custom designed in Peregrine’s 0.5μm (FC) and 0.25μm (GC) Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) processes. In order to allow channel current noise to dominate over other circuit noise, the transistors have extraordinarily large aspect ratios (~2500 - 5000). The transistor noise produced is amplified and measured over a frequency range of 1kHz - 100MHz. This range allows the measurement of each device’s low and high frequency noise spectrum and resulting noise corner.

The purpose of this thesis is to study and investigate a practical and efficient implementation of corner orientation detection using multisteerable filters. First, practical theory involved in applying multisteerable filters for corner orientation estimation is presented. Methods to improve the efficiency with which multisteerable corner filters are applied to images are investigated and presented. Prior research in this area presented an optimization equation for determining the best match of corner orientations in images; however, little research has been done on optimization techniques to solve this equation. Optimization techniques to find the maximum response of a similarity function to determine how similar a corner feature is to a multioriented corner template are also explored and compared in this research.

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