We investigate flows generated by bacteria near boundaries which are ubiquitous in biological systems. A bacterium such as \textit{Escherichia coli} is equipped with a number of rotary motors on its surface. Every motor has a helical flagellum attached to it and by rotating these motors the bacterium can move the fluid. We consider these flows in four different systems. Firstly, we explore a chiral flow which is always in the clockwise direction (when viewed from above) ahead of a dense suspension of bacteria on a moist surface. We quantitatively test a hypothesis that this flow is due to the action of cells stalled at the edge of a colony which extend their flagella outwards, moving fluid over a substrate. The model provides insight on the flagella orientations and their spatial distributions. Secondly, inspired by experiments which proposed to use confined bacteria in order to generate flows near surfaces, we develop a theoretical model of this fluid transport using a superposition of fundamental flow singularities. The rotation of a helical bacterial flagellum induces both a force and a torque on the surrounding fluid, both of which lead to a net flow along the surface. We investigate the optimal helical shapes to be used as micropumps near surfaces and show that bacterial flagella are nearly optimal. Thirdly, we build a theoretical model on a reorientation of peritrichous bacteria at the edge of a liquid drop on a Petri dish. Bacteria are more likely to turn clockwise because of the interaction between counterclockwise rotating flagella and boundaries which causes them to self-organise and circle clockwise (when viewed from above) around the outer edge of the colony. Finally, motivated by problems in biological physics occurring near corners, we derive the asymptotic behaviour for the Stokeslet (a flow due to a point force at low Reynolds number) both near and far from a corner geometry by using complex analysis on a known double integral solution for corner flows. We analyse flows in acute, obtuse and salient three-dimensional corners. We also use experiments on beads sedimenting in corn syrup to qualitatively test our results. The fundamental understanding of Stokes flows near boundaries is important for future developments in biophysics and bioengineering including applications to bacterial micropumps, steering microswimmers near corners, and preventing biofilm formation.

This work began as an exploration of the spatial qualities of awkwardness. It eventually evolved into a fixation on the three planes within the corner of a room, representing the safe haven for an awkward individual. The corner has successfully demonstrated the relationship between body, space and garment as a concept. Furthermore, the corner has proved to function as the ultimate tool for creating a sculpture with the integrated body. The motive of this work is to spark interest and to provide an alternative criteria for what can be categorised as a sculpture. This new criteria represents functional interchanging sculptures that can be built around the body. The limits created within this work have been key in formulating the problem, and to generate a wide range of results within a concentrated field to challenge the method. The ultimate limit has been the corner itself, which has been manifested into the ultimate opportunity. This has resulted in a collection of examples all constructed through the method of the corner and finally bringing it to the body, effectively removing the corner from the space. This has created a mobile wearable space, that can be arranged according to desired fashion and shield awkwardness.

In today's textbooks, analyzing prestressed members and bridges takes a two-dimensional approach. Two-dimensional analysis is the only way to analyze prestressed bridges and members because otherwise the hand calculations are extremely difficult. Skewed bridges, however, need to be analyzed and designed three-dimensionally. Based on engineering inspection, it is possible to tell how a non-skewed symmetric bridge will behave. However, the knowledge of how a skewed bridge will behave cannot be obtained by inspection only. Finite element analysis can be used to model a bridge and discover how the bridge will react to dead loads and post-tensioning forces. When a bridge is built on a skew, the acute corners of the bridge support much less concrete weight than the obtuse corners of the bridge. If the post-tensioning force causes a decrease in load at the acute corners of the skewed bridge and if the skew of the bridge is great enough, there is a concern that there could be uplift at these acute corners of the bridge. Uplift at any corner of the bridge should not be allowed. The objective of this study is to investigate a simple span skewed box girder bridge to see if any uplift occurs at the acute corners of the bridge due to post-tensioning forces. After careful study of a skewed simple span cast-in-place post-tensioned box girder bridge, it was found that the post-tensioning force actually transfers more downward force into the acute corners of the bridge. Based on this study, the post-tensioning force will not cause uplift in the acute corners of the skewed bridge.

Os discursos em defesa da técnica vocal, da tradição regional e das diferentes maneiras de produção da voz cantada se inserem na perspectiva da afirmação de uma identidade. A existência desses discursos no ambiente acadêmico acarreta conflitos com os discursos técnicos relacionados à utilização da voz cantada em determinadas disciplinas do curso de Licenciatura em Música. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar os discursos acadêmicos sobre a voz cantada no curso de Licenciatura em Música de uma instituição superior. A fim de se delimitar o norte deste estudo, foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: analisar os discursos sobre a voz cantada que circulam no ambiente acadêmico; analisar, nos discursos acadêmicos, afirmações identitárias que posicionam o sujeito frente ao modo estabelecido de cantar pela tradição erudita da técnica vocal e do canto; e analisar, nos discursos dos docentes, afirmações identitárias que os posicionem na relação com os discursos de identidade dos acadêmicos e na reflexão e tomadas de decisão no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Recorreu-se a conceitos e teorias relativos à produção de voz (Travassos); às bases teóricas e metodológicas da Análise do Discurso da linha francesa proposta por Michel Pêcheux, dando-se ênfase às noções de formações imaginárias e de formações discursivas; às noções de identidade como movimento na história e a incompletude do discurso, sujeito e sentidos, propostas por Eni Orlandi. O corpus empírico para este trabalho foi constituído através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 6 (seis) discentes e 2 (dois) docentes do referido curso. Os fatos discursivos foram analisados sob a luz da análise do discurso da linha francesa. Quanto ao funcionamento do discurso, foram identificadas afirmações identitárias sobre a voz cantada frente ao modo estabelecido como correto pela tradição erudita e outras tradições; a existência de embates que geravam contraidentificações por parte de algumas posições e identificação por parte de outras; e posições discursivas a esses embates por parte dos docentes das disciplinas ligadas à produção da voz cantada. Este trabalho abre para outras possibilidades de pesquisa no processo de construção do conhecimento musical, como também novos questionamentos sobre o tema na AD.

In this thesis, we have evaluated the memory characteristics and parallel behaviour of the SUSAN (Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus) and Harris corner detection algorithms. Our purpose is understanding how the memory affects the predictability of these algorithms and furthermore how we can use multi-core machines to improve the execution time of such algorithms. By investigating the execution pattern of the SUSAN and Harris corner detection algorithms, we were able of breaking down the algorithms into parallelizable parts and non-parallelizable parts. We implemented a fork-join model on the parallelizable parts of these two algorithms and we were able to achieve a 7.9--8 times speedup on the two corner detection algorithms using an 8-core P4080 machine. For the sake of a wider study, we also executed these parallel adaptations on 4 different Intel platforms which generated similar results. The parallelized algorithms are also subjects for further improvement. We therefore investigated the memory characteristics of L1 data and instruction cache misses, cycles waiting for L2 cache miss loads, and TLB store misses. In these measurements, we found a strong correlation between L1 data cache replacement and the execution time. To encounter this memory issue, we implemented loop tiling techniques which were adjusted according to the L1 cache size of our test systems. Our tests of the tiling techniques exhibit a less fluctuating memory behaviour, which however comes at the cost of an increase in the execution time.

The series of experimental studies to be described has been carried out in order to determine the feasibility of using corner reflectors as laboratory standards for model cross-section measurements.

The project is a courthouse designed in the town of Blacksburg. It will not only provides an important and functional public building in the local architectural history, but also improves the urban situation and zoning separation of the town. The corner condition of the project is the focus point of the design, with the architectural interpretation of transition of the scale, material, and the path. The hierarchy of the civic spirit is considered in the façade as well as in the courtrooms themselves. / Master of Architecture

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第20015号 / エネ博第338号 / 新制||エネ||68(附属図書館) / 33111 / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 石原 慶一, 教授 宇根﨑 博信, 准教授 MCLELLAN Benjamin / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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