The switch to online learning during the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic impacted the educational world in many ways. University students were moved from traditional in person classroom settings to an online format. This change may have been accompanied by stress, anxiety, and social isolation. Research suggests that a student’s learning environment can either generate success by contributing to motivational strategies through quality of educational support or a learning environment can generate boredom, stress, and confusion. In addition, research demonstrates that personality plays a factor in many outcomes such as education and mental health. There is a lack of research on connecting different students’ personality traits with their perception of their motivation and engagement in their online courses. To better understand these relationships, 190 university undergraduate students (56.8% female; mean age = 19.90, SD = 3.16) completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the Online Distance Learning Questionnaire (ODLQ), the Learning Climate Questionnaire (LCQ), the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), and a Demographics Survey. The surveys with subscales were totaled and scored separately. These scores were tested in terms of their correlations with each other using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to test the correlations between the variables to determine if the hypotheses were supported. A significant relationship between the Learning Climate Questionnaire and the Online Distance Learning Questionnaire was found. Moderate relationships were found for the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire and the Online Distance Learning Questionnaire. A weak relationship was found between the Big Five Factor Inventory trait for neuroticism and the Online Distance Learning Questionnaire. No relationship was determined between the Big Five Factor Inventory trait for extraversion and The Online Distance Learning Questionnaire. Further research is needed to clarify if personality traits have a significant relationship between student perception of online learning.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented public health crisis around the world and has created novel needs in the healthcare industry. Primary among these needs is a vast shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks and gloves. This is problematic due to the near constant of COVID-19 cases in hospitals around the United States. In an effort to meet the need for more PPE, new disinfection techniques must be found to "recycle" used PPE. UVC light has previously been used by healthcare facilities for years to disinfect surfaces such as stainless steel and are frequently used in operating room sterilization and dentist offices. UVC light's effectiveness on porous materials such as masks has not been substantially investigated prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This work shows the effectiveness and efficiency of UVC disinfection on porous surfaces for the COVID-19 virus and other bacteria.

Background: Covid-19 is a serious infectious disease that was first discovered in China in 2019. The disease spread very quickly, infecting over 40 million globally and leading to more than a million deaths. The damage caused by the corona infection led to severe thromboembolic conditions that led to death. Therefore, anticoagulants were used in connection with corona to prevent the thromboembolic conditions. But has the use of anticoagulants in covid-19 patients really affected mortality?    Aim: To make a systematic review that explores whether anticoagulant use among COVID-19 patients affect mortality.    Methods: A systematic search was conducted September in 2022 of published studies on PubMed associated with mortality and use of anticoagulants in covid-19 patients. The articles reviewed were selected based on defined PICO and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Types of studies reviewed were cohort and case-control studies.    Results & conclusions:   A total of 20 different studies were studied and based on them it is concluded that anticoagulant treatment associated with lower mortality in severely ill covid-19 patients has been demonstrated. However, bleeding risk was observed in other covid-19 patients due to use of anticoagulants.

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События, вызванные распространением пандемии COVID-19 нашли отражение во всех сферах жизни общества, а также в языке и коммуникативных явлениях, которые представлены в публицистическом дискурсе. Специфика публицистического дискурса накладывает отпечаток на использование оценочной лексики – эвфемизмов и дисфемизмов. Публицистический дискурс как сфера функционирования эвфемизмов и дисфемизмов способствует формированию общественной мысли, оказывает воздействие на аудиторию с использованием языковых средств. Наиболее выразительными языковыми средствами, способными произвести как положительный, нейтральный или негативный эффект, являются эвфемизмы и дисфемизмы. Актуальность исследования определяется возросшим интересом к изучению оценочной лексики в немецкоязычном публицистическом дискурсе по теме коронавируса. Изучение языковых явлений, эвфемии и дисфемии, представляется перспективным в связи их функционированием в публицистическом дискурсе. В работе определены сферы функционирования эвфемизмов и дисфемизмов, предпринята попытка сформулировать рекомендации по переводу оценочной лексики для сохранения семантических, стилистических и прагматических особенностей эвфемизмов и дисфемизмов. В первой главе рассмотрены подходы к определению эвфемизмов и дисфемизмов, классификации и способы образования, что позволяет считать их членами лингвистической дихотомии. Во второй главе проанализированы семантические, стилистические и прагматические особенности эвфемизмов и дисфемизмов, представлены рекомендации по переводу эвфемизмов и дисфемизмов с учетом выявленных особенностей. / The events caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are reflected in all spheres of society, as well as in the language and communicative phenomena that are presented in the journalistic discourse. The specificity of journalistic discourse leaves an imprint on the use of evaluative vocabulary – euphemisms and dysphemisms. Journalistic discourse as a sphere of functioning of euphemisms and dysphemisms contributes to the formation of public thought has an impact on the audience using linguistic means. The most expressive language means capable of producing both a positive, neutral or negative effect are euphemisms and dysphemisms. The relevance of the study is determined by the increased interest in the study of evaluative vocabulary in the German-language journalistic discourse on the topic of coronavirus. The study of linguistic phenomena, euphemia and dysphemia, seems promising in connection with their functioning in journalistic discourse. The paper defines the spheres of functioning of euphemisms and dysphemisms, attempts to formulate recommendations for the translation of evaluative vocabulary to preserve semantic, stylistic and pragmatic features of euphemisms and dysphemisms. In the first chapter, approaches to the definition of euphemisms and dysphemisms, classifications and methods of education are considered, which allows them to be considered members of a linguistic dichotomy. In the second chapter analyzes the semantic, stylistic and pragmatic features of euphemisms and dysphemisms, provides recommendations for the translation of euphemisms and dysphemisms, taking into account the identified features.

El confinamiento por la pandemia COVID- 19 está generando en los estudiantes de enfermería cambios en su alimentación, actividad física, estado de ánimo y muchas veces el sueño. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar los cambios en la alimentación y calidad del sueño durante el COVID- 19 en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada, Chiclayo 2021. Fue no experimental- descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 408 estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería matriculados en el semestre académico 2021-I, la muestra fue de 193 seleccionada por muestreo aleatorio-estratificado, el cual permitió obtener el número de los estudiantes de cada ciclo. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios: el primer cuestionario “Índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh” que fue validado en español por Buysse en 1989, cuya confiabilidad fue un alfa de Cronbach de 0,76. El segundo cuestionario “Etapas de Cambio Dietético” creado por Glaz et al, obtuvo una consistencia sólida y significativa, para aceptar su validez. Los resultados alcanzados en esta investigación, en la que solo el 12% han realizado cambios adecuados en su dieta logrando que esta sea saludable es decir baja en grasa y alta en fibra. Con respecto a la calidad de sueño se evidencio que el 63.7% de estudiantes de enfermería presentaron mala calidad de sueño considerándose como “Malos dormidores”. En conclusión, los cambios de alimentación y calidad de sueño de los estudiantes durante esta pandemia son inadecuados.

Malnutrition, including both undernutrition and obesity, affects millions of people globally and is persistently on the rise. Obesity affects ~13% of adults globally and was identified as a risk factor for worse disease outcomes after the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2009 and has since been shown to aggravate disease outcomes of respiratory viruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mosquito-borne viruses like West Nile Virus (WNV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) and reduce the vaccine efficacy for influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Obesity is associated with a chronic state of inflammation and dysregulated immune response which has been proposed to be one of the mechanisms driving the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These altered signatures or biomarkers might be associated with disease outcome and prognosis. Therefore, animal models reflecting the clinical outcomes and natural immune responses observed in humans are crucial to identifying reliable biomarkers. Using mouse hepatitis virus 1 (MHV-1) as a model for SARS-CoV-2, we established obesity as a risk factor and identified biomarkers and pathways associated with worse disease outcomes. Obesity rates in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are approaching levels found in high-income countries (HICs). Mosquito-borne viral diseases like dengue, chikungunya, and Zika pose a significant threat to LMICs and cause huge health and economic losses. Obesity was shown to worsen alphavirus pathogenesis, but interestingly, it also reduced their transmission by mosquitoes. Given the global prevalence of obesity and mosquito-borne viruses, it is critical to understand how obesity drives reduced alphavirus transmission. Using a natural transmission cycle between lean and obese mice and mosquitoes, we confirmed that obesity reduced the transmission potential of alphaviruses like CHIKV and MAYV and activated the Toll pathway in mosquito midguts. Various genes and other pathways were also altered in response to obese bloodmeal at various time-points post-bloodmeal; however, one gene, AAEL009965, was downregulated in the mosquito midguts 1-day-post-bloodmeal and its knockdown led to reduced infection rates and titers in mosquitoes. Through this thesis, we aimed to utilize obesity as a tool to identify biomarkers to predict coronavirus disease outcomes and design effective alphavirus transmission control strategies. / Doctor of Philosophy / Obesity, a global epidemic associated with chronic systemic inflammation, has emerged as an independent risk factor following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The impact of obesity on COVID-19 severity, largely based on epidemiological data or research with non-natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2, necessitates the use of natural models of obesity to study the host's response to coronaviruses. Here we used mouse models of diet-induced obesity and infected them with a mouse coronavirus to account for the host's natural immune response against the virus. We showed that obesity exacerbates disease outcomes and identified various genes associated with disease severity in obese mice that correspond to the gene expression patterns in severe COVID-19 patients. These findings underscore the critical role of obesity in disease outcomes and pave the way for further research in this area. Obesity also worsens the disease outcome following infection with mosquito-borne alphaviruses like chikungunya (CHIKV) and Mayaro (MAYV), however, its impact on the vector's transmission potential is poorly understood. Using a natural transmission cycle between lean and obese mice and mosquitoes, we showed that obesity reduced alphavirus transmission by mosquitoes. We found altered expression of specific genes and pathways, in mosquito midguts exposed to alphavirus-infected obese bloodmeal compared to the lean ones and their knockdown led to altered infection rates in mosquitoes suggestive of their role in viral infection of mosquitoes. We also established insulin as a potential antiviral factor in obese bloodmeal. Therefore, these studies provide the basic framework for understanding the impact of obesity on viral transmission and pathogenesis by using relevant animal models. Furthermore, these studies utilize obesity as a tool to identify predictors of severe disease outcomes and identify genes that could be used as potential transmission control strategies for various mosquito-borne viruses.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo: describir, analizar y comprender las experiencias de las enfermeras que trabajaron en el área de hospitalización COVID-19 durante la emergencia sanitaria. La investigación fue cualitativa con metodología descriptiva exploratoria. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 15 enfermeras que trabajaron en el área de hospitalización COVID-19, determinado por la técnica de la saturación y redundancia de datos. Se recolectó la información mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a través de medios digitales, previo consentimiento informado, que fueron procesadas con el análisis de contenido. Se obtuvo como resultados 4 categorías: a) Miedo al contagio, impotencia ante la muerte y espiritualidad en el cuidado al paciente con COVID-19, b) Uso, adaptación y dificultades al implementar los protocolos preventivos durante la jornada laboral, c) Autocuidado y medidas de prevención en el hogar después de la jornada laboral para proteger a su familia de la COVID-19, y d) Aprendizajes entorno a la pandemia: cuidado técnico-humano y medidas preventivas. Se concluye, que las enfermeras entrevistadas tuvieron miedo a contagiarse y contagiar a su familia, sentían impotencia por ver morir a sus pacientes, pero incrementaron su fe en Dios. Se adaptaron a los protocolos para usar el equipo de protección personal, a pesar que tuvieron dificultades y algunas se contagiaron durante su retiro. Mejoraron su alimentación, la actividad física, y aplicaron estrictamente las medidas preventivas ante la COVID-19 en sus hogares. Aprendieron a ser más empáticos con los pacientes y sus compañeros de trabajo.

Yes / Blood clotting was reported in April 2020 [1] as another serious symptom due to COVID-19, but also came other reports such as young adults dying due to strokes and heart attacks [2]. The currently known head-to-toe symptoms of COVID-19, seem to indicate vascular as well as respiratory diseases and that 40% of related death are due to cardiovascular complications [2]. In a recently published journal paper in Lancet [3], the authors found that SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect the endothelial cells that line the inside of blood vessels noting that endothelial cells protect the cardiovascular system and release proteins that influence everything from blood clotting to the immune response. In the same paper, the authors showed damage to endothelial cells in the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and intestines in patients with Covid-19. Therefore, the emerging belief is that the novel coronavirus is a respiratory illness to begin with, but as it spreads further into blood vessels it becomes a vascular illness that is capable of killing patients via vascular system.

Los objetivos del estudio son: describir y analizar el rol de la familia para prevenir la COVID-19 durante el aislamiento social obligatorio en Lambayeque, 2021. Se empleó la metodología cualitativa descriptiva, los sujetos del estudio fueron 13 madres de familia oriundas de Ferreñafe en cuya familia no hubo ningún afectado por la COVID-19, la muestra fue por conveniencia y el muestreo por la técnica de bola de nieve. Para recolectar los datos se aplicó la entrevista semiestructura a través de llamadas telefónicas previo consentimiento informado. Se cumplió con los principios éticos y criterios de rigor científico. Se obtuvo 4 categorías: a) Medidas preventivas al salir del hogar: uso de mascarilla, protector facial, alcohol y distanciamiento, b) Medidas preventivas en el hogar: lavado de manos, desinfección del hogar de lo que ingresa (personas y alimentos), c) Aislamiento social, restricción de reuniones familiares y uso de medios de comunicación, d) Cambios de hábitos alimentarios y uso de remedios caseros como medidas de protección familiar. Se concluye que las familias no se contagiaron con la COVID-19 porque cumplieron con las medidas preventivas indicadas por el Estado, siendo frecuente el uso de mascarilla, el protector facial, el distanciamiento social, lavado de manos, el alcohol y la desinfección de todo lo que ingresaba al hogar sean personas o productos. Además, cumplieron con el aislamiento social obligatorio, evitaron reuniones familiares y sociales, mejoraron hábitos alimentarios, usaron medios tecnológicos para la comunicación y la distracción como WhatsApp, Facebook, Tik Tok, Netflix y algunos utilizaron remedios caseros.