The aim of this study was to evaluate a battery of tests to be used as part of the process of selecting bursary students for engineering at tertiary institutions. Due to the problems in the schooling system it is not conclusive that all students who have obtained their senior certificates are prepared and able to meet the demands and challenges of tertiary education. The purpose of this study was to determine the criterion related validity of a mathematic proficiency test, Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test (LPCAT) and English Literacy Skills Assessment (ELSA) as predictors of academic performance. A quantitative approach was used for the purpose of this study. More specifically the Ex post facto analyses/design is used in this study. The relationships between the dependent and independent variables were determined. Correlation analyses, Kruskal-Wallis test and regression analysis were used for the purpose of this study. The results indicated that the Mathematical proficiency test was the best predictor of academic success, followed by LPCAT and ELSA. The results of this study indicates that the use of academic literacy and learning potential contribute in selecting the best students. Companies and Universities have long been looking for a predictor or predictors of success for students as they enter tertiary studies. This information has the potential to save companies and universities millions of Rands annually by helping them make better investment decisions. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Human Resource Management / Unrestricted

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-13T19:06:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LADY LAYANA MARTINS CUSTÓDIO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2017.pdf: 2210710 bytes, checksum: 55d1c243d2dffba97fddd5fcb1e2b54b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T19:06:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LADY LAYANA MARTINS CUSTÓDIO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2017.pdf: 2210710 bytes, checksum: 55d1c243d2dffba97fddd5fcb1e2b54b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Capes / Buscou-se avaliar neste trabalho as precipitações da EC e da PEC do LNEB e Roraima, bem como a relação entre esta variável nas duas áreas de estudo objetivando entender melhor os sistemas precipitantes que causam a EC, que, em geral, ocorre no trimestre abril, maio e junho, portanto, fora do período de monções na AS. Bem como verificar a relação da precipitação do LNEB e Roraima com a TSM do Pacífico Equatorial e Atlântico Tropical. Para tanto, utilizou-se de dados diários de precipitação de 1979 a 2013, provenientes do CFSR do NCEP, além dos dados do projeto Era-Interim do ECMWF de mesmo período e por fim, dados mensais oceânicos das regiões do El Niño e dos setores do Atlântico no período de 1982 a 2013. A princípio, calculou-se os ciclos pêntadais da precipitação, no qual, analisou-se as séries temporais das áreas de estudo e padrões atmosféricos associados. Usou-se o método hierárquico aglomerativo de Ward para classificar as regiões homogêneas de precipitação de ambas as áreas de estudo. A relação entre a TSM e a precipitação do LNEB e em Roraima e entre as precipitações destas áreas foi estimada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados obtidos mostraram três grupos homogêneos de precipitação em Roraima e dois no LNEB. Em média a EC para as áreas de estudo tem início na pêntada 17 e final na pêntada 40. A PEC para LNEB e Roraima mostrou-se inconsistentes, pois dos cinco grupos de precipitação, em quatro, o número de ocorrências de PEC foram abaixo da metade da série histórica. As altas pressões ao nível do mar dos setores do Atlântico exercem função fundamental na contribuição da EC do LNEB e Roraima. Também se verificou que o ENOS tem papel relevante nas variabilidades interanuais da precipitação do LNEB e de Roraima, tanto nos totais anuais como nos da EC. As chuvas em Roraima apresentam correlação estatisticamente significativa com a TSM do norte do Atlântico, e as da região do Agreste do LNEB com a TSM do Atlântico Sul. Observou-se que as variabilidades interanuais dos totais anuais e sazonais de precipitação de Roraima e LNEB estão em fase, ou seja, em geral, os anos chuvosos em Roraima são os mesmos do LNEB, assim como os secos. As conclusões mais relevantes foram: a EC em Roraima possui regime tipo monções de surgimento brusco e término lento, enquanto a do LNEB apresenta transição gradual, configurando um regime diferente dos de monções; os sistemas meteorológicos produtores de precipitação nas duas regiões são diferentes, porém atuam na mesma época do ano; a marcha anual dos totais pentadais de precipitação ao longo do ano são as mesmas e são influenciados pelo ENOS e pela intensidade e posição das altas pressões do Atlântico resultando em variabilidades interanuais da precipitação em fase nas duas regiões. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the precipitations of the RS and PRS of the ENEB and Roraima, in addition to the relation between this variable in the two study areas for the sake of getting a better understanding of the precipitating systems that cause RS, which generally occurs in the quarter of April, May and June, thus outside the monsoon period in SA. Additionally the study aimed to verify the relation of the precipitation of the ENEB and Roraima with the SST of the Equatorial Pacific and Tropical Atlantic. In order to do so, daily precipitation data from 1979 to 2013 from the NCEP CFSR were used, apart from Era-Interim data from the ECMWF project of the same period and, finally, monthly ocean data from the El Niño regions and the Atlantic sectors from 1982 to 2013. At first, the 5-days cycles of the precipitation were calculated, in which the time series of study areas and the atmospheric patterns associated were analyzed. Ward's agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was used to classify the homogeneous precipitation regions of both study areas. The link between the SST and precipitation in ENEB and Roraima and between precipitations in these areas was estimated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results obtained showed three homogeneous groups of precipitation in Roraima and two in the ENEB. On average, the RS for the study areas starts at the 17 pentad and at the end at the 40 pentad. The PRS for ENEB and Roraima appeared to inconsistent, because among the five precipitation groups, four of them presented a number of PRS occurrences below half of the historical series. The high sea-level pressure of the Atlantic sectors play a fundamental role contributing to the ENEB and Roraima RS. It was also verified that the ENSO has a relevant role in the interannual variability of the ENEB and Roraima precipitation, both in the annual totals and in the RS. The rainfall in Roraima shows a statistically significant correlation with the SST of the North Atlantic, and those of the Agreste region of the ENEB with the SST of the South Atlantic. We observed that the interannual variabilities of the annual and seasonal precipitation totals of Roraima and ENEB are in-phase, that is, in general, the rainy years in Roraima are the same as in the ENEB, in addition to the dry ones. The most relevant conclusions were: the RS in Roraima has a monsoon type regime with abrupt onset and slow ending, while the ENEB has a gradual transition, forming a regime different from that of the monsoons; the meteorological systems producing precipitation in the two regions are different, however acting at the same time of year; the annual marching of the pentad totals of precipitation throughout the year are the same and are influenced by the ENSO and the intensity and position of the high pressure of the Atlantic, resulting in interannual variabilities of the precipitation in phase in the two regions.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi testar redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) do tipo multilayer perceptron (MLP) na estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência e da evapotranspiração na linha de plantio de limeira ácida. As RNAs foram treinadas sob algoritmo de gradiente conjugado de erros, com funções de ativação sigmóide na camada intermediária e linear na camada de saída. Foram conduzidas análises comparativas com modelos de regressão. Valores diários de evapotranspiração de referência foram calculados usando o modelo Penman-Monteith (EToPM) a partir de dados meteorológicos (1997-2006) observados em Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (latitude: 22º 42 30 S; longitude: 47º 38 30 W; altitude: 546 m). Os modelos foram desenvolvidos a partir de dados de radiação solar global (Rg), saldo de radiação (Rn) ou radiação no topo da atmosfera (RTA) em combinação com temperatura do ar (Tar), déficit de pressão de vapor no ar (DPV) e velocidade do vento (u). Bom desempenho foi obtido quando os dados de Rg ou Rn estavam disponíveis, mesmo com a falta de uma ou mais das outras variáveis exigidas pelo modelo Penman- Monteith. As RNAs mostraram melhor desempenho do que os modelos de regressão, especialmente quando RTA foi considerada na entrada. O erro absoluto médio (MAE) das RNAs variou de 0,1 a 0,2 mm d-1, representando de 4 a 6 % dos valores médios de EToPM. A evapotranspiração na linha de plantio, condutância difusiva e transpiração foliar foram obtidas em pomar adulto de limeira ácida (Citrus latifolia Tan.), com espaçamento 7 m × 4 m , orientação Leste-Oeste das linhas de plantio e sem limitação hídrica, em Piracicaba, Brasil. A condutância à difusão de vapor (gs) e transpiração foliar (T) foram determinadas com porômetro de equilíbrio constante e balanço nulo, em folhas completamente expandidas, na parte média da copa nas faces expostas da linha de plantio, a intervalos horários ao longo de 42 dias. A densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossintéticos (DFFF) incidentes sobre a folha, temperatura e déficit de pressão de vapor no ar (Tar e DPV) no interior do pomar e o horário de observação (h) foram combinados nos modelos de estimativa de gs e T. Somente os modelos ajustados para o inverno apresentaram bom desempenho. Medidas lisimétricas foram utilizadas na determinação da evapotranspiração diurna na linha de plantio (ETli 9-17h). Saldo de radiação (Rn), temperatura do ar (Tar), déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV), evapotranspiração de referência estimada pelo modelo Penman-Monteith (EToPM) e dia do ano foram combinados na estimativa de ETli 9-17h. O desempenho das RNAs foi superior ao dos modelos com base em regressão. O erro médio absoluto (MAE) nos modelos RNAs variou entre 3,6 e 10,6 L planta-1, representando de 6 a 18% dos valores médios de ETli 9-17h. Os modelos incluindo o efeito temporal apresentaram melhor desempenho. A estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência na escala diária e da evapotranspiração diurna na linha de plantio pelos modelos propostos mostrou-se adequada. Ficou evidente a existência de outros efeitos temporais operando concomitantemente com o ambiente atmosférico na determinação de gs e ETli 9-17h. / The main objective of this study was to test artificial neural networks (ANNs) of multilayer perceptron type (MLP) for estimating reference evapotranspiration, diffusive leaf conductance and crop evapotranspiration of a mature and irrigated citrus orchard. The ANNs were trained under conjugate gradient algorithm. The sigmoid and linear activation functions were used for the hidden and output nodes, respectively. Comparative analyses with regression models were carried out. Daily values of reference evapotranspiration were computed using the Penman-Monteith method (EToPM) from climatic data (1997-2006) at Piracicaba, Brazil. All models were developed considering global radiation (Rg), net radiation (Rn) or extraterrestrial radiation (Ra) in combination with air temperature (Tar), air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and wind velocity (u) as input data. Good performance was obtained for any model when net radiation or solar radiation were available, even missing one or more of other variables required by the Penman-Monteith equation. The performance of ANNs were improved when compared to those obtained with regression model basis, especially when Ra was considered as input data. Mean absolute error (MAE) from ANNs varied from 0.1 to 0.2 mm d-1, representing between 4 and 6 % of the mean EToPM values. Crop evapotranspiration, leaf diffusive conductance and leaf transpiration data were obtained from an acid lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) mature orchard, located at the same region. The orchard, with East-West planting rows and 7 m × 4 m spacing, was drip irrigated to maintain non-limiting water conditions. Leaf diffusive conductance to water vapor (gs) and transpiration (T) were measured on fully expanded leaves, in the middle height of the canopy, at Northen and Southern exposed faces, in hourly intervals along 42 selected days, using a steady-state null-balance porometer. Variability of gs and T values were described as function of the exposition faces of the planting rows, time of day and season. Significant differences between exposition faces for gs and T values were only observed in the spring. The relationship between gs or T values and leaf environmental conditions varied according to the season. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) incident on the leaf, air temperature (Tar) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and time of day (h) were used as inputs. Adequate performance was only observed for winter models. Lysimetric data were used to determine diurnal evapotranspiration from orchard row (ETli 9-17h). Net radiation (Rn), air temperature and deficit pressure vapor (Tar, DPV) and Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration (EToPM) data were combined in the regression analyses and developing process of ANNs. Also any other temporal effect was taken into account by including day of the year (DOY). Mean absolute error (MAE) for ANNs models varied from 3.6 to 10.6 L plant-1, representing between 6 and 18% of mean ETli 9-17h values. Errors decreased when DOY was included. According to the results, it can be concluded that it is possible to estimate daily EToPM and diurnal citrus orchard evapotranspiration (ETli 9-17h) accurately by the proposed models. Relevance of other temporal effects operating on gs and ETli 9-17h determination, in addition to environmental variations, was evident.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi testar redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) do tipo multilayer perceptron (MLP) na estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência e da evapotranspiração na linha de plantio de limeira ácida. As RNAs foram treinadas sob algoritmo de gradiente conjugado de erros, com funções de ativação sigmóide na camada intermediária e linear na camada de saída. Foram conduzidas análises comparativas com modelos de regressão. Valores diários de evapotranspiração de referência foram calculados usando o modelo Penman-Monteith (EToPM) a partir de dados meteorológicos (1997-2006) observados em Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (latitude: 22º 42 30 S; longitude: 47º 38 30 W; altitude: 546 m). Os modelos foram desenvolvidos a partir de dados de radiação solar global (Rg), saldo de radiação (Rn) ou radiação no topo da atmosfera (RTA) em combinação com temperatura do ar (Tar), déficit de pressão de vapor no ar (DPV) e velocidade do vento (u). Bom desempenho foi obtido quando os dados de Rg ou Rn estavam disponíveis, mesmo com a falta de uma ou mais das outras variáveis exigidas pelo modelo Penman- Monteith. As RNAs mostraram melhor desempenho do que os modelos de regressão, especialmente quando RTA foi considerada na entrada. O erro absoluto médio (MAE) das RNAs variou de 0,1 a 0,2 mm d-1, representando de 4 a 6 % dos valores médios de EToPM. A evapotranspiração na linha de plantio, condutância difusiva e transpiração foliar foram obtidas em pomar adulto de limeira ácida (Citrus latifolia Tan.), com espaçamento 7 m × 4 m , orientação Leste-Oeste das linhas de plantio e sem limitação hídrica, em Piracicaba, Brasil. A condutância à difusão de vapor (gs) e transpiração foliar (T) foram determinadas com porômetro de equilíbrio constante e balanço nulo, em folhas completamente expandidas, na parte média da copa nas faces expostas da linha de plantio, a intervalos horários ao longo de 42 dias. A densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossintéticos (DFFF) incidentes sobre a folha, temperatura e déficit de pressão de vapor no ar (Tar e DPV) no interior do pomar e o horário de observação (h) foram combinados nos modelos de estimativa de gs e T. Somente os modelos ajustados para o inverno apresentaram bom desempenho. Medidas lisimétricas foram utilizadas na determinação da evapotranspiração diurna na linha de plantio (ETli 9-17h). Saldo de radiação (Rn), temperatura do ar (Tar), déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV), evapotranspiração de referência estimada pelo modelo Penman-Monteith (EToPM) e dia do ano foram combinados na estimativa de ETli 9-17h. O desempenho das RNAs foi superior ao dos modelos com base em regressão. O erro médio absoluto (MAE) nos modelos RNAs variou entre 3,6 e 10,6 L planta-1, representando de 6 a 18% dos valores médios de ETli 9-17h. Os modelos incluindo o efeito temporal apresentaram melhor desempenho. A estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência na escala diária e da evapotranspiração diurna na linha de plantio pelos modelos propostos mostrou-se adequada. Ficou evidente a existência de outros efeitos temporais operando concomitantemente com o ambiente atmosférico na determinação de gs e ETli 9-17h. / The main objective of this study was to test artificial neural networks (ANNs) of multilayer perceptron type (MLP) for estimating reference evapotranspiration, diffusive leaf conductance and crop evapotranspiration of a mature and irrigated citrus orchard. The ANNs were trained under conjugate gradient algorithm. The sigmoid and linear activation functions were used for the hidden and output nodes, respectively. Comparative analyses with regression models were carried out. Daily values of reference evapotranspiration were computed using the Penman-Monteith method (EToPM) from climatic data (1997-2006) at Piracicaba, Brazil. All models were developed considering global radiation (Rg), net radiation (Rn) or extraterrestrial radiation (Ra) in combination with air temperature (Tar), air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and wind velocity (u) as input data. Good performance was obtained for any model when net radiation or solar radiation were available, even missing one or more of other variables required by the Penman-Monteith equation. The performance of ANNs were improved when compared to those obtained with regression model basis, especially when Ra was considered as input data. Mean absolute error (MAE) from ANNs varied from 0.1 to 0.2 mm d-1, representing between 4 and 6 % of the mean EToPM values. Crop evapotranspiration, leaf diffusive conductance and leaf transpiration data were obtained from an acid lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) mature orchard, located at the same region. The orchard, with East-West planting rows and 7 m × 4 m spacing, was drip irrigated to maintain non-limiting water conditions. Leaf diffusive conductance to water vapor (gs) and transpiration (T) were measured on fully expanded leaves, in the middle height of the canopy, at Northen and Southern exposed faces, in hourly intervals along 42 selected days, using a steady-state null-balance porometer. Variability of gs and T values were described as function of the exposition faces of the planting rows, time of day and season. Significant differences between exposition faces for gs and T values were only observed in the spring. The relationship between gs or T values and leaf environmental conditions varied according to the season. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) incident on the leaf, air temperature (Tar) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and time of day (h) were used as inputs. Adequate performance was only observed for winter models. Lysimetric data were used to determine diurnal evapotranspiration from orchard row (ETli 9-17h). Net radiation (Rn), air temperature and deficit pressure vapor (Tar, DPV) and Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration (EToPM) data were combined in the regression analyses and developing process of ANNs. Also any other temporal effect was taken into account by including day of the year (DOY). Mean absolute error (MAE) for ANNs models varied from 3.6 to 10.6 L plant-1, representing between 6 and 18% of mean ETli 9-17h values. Errors decreased when DOY was included. According to the results, it can be concluded that it is possible to estimate daily EToPM and diurnal citrus orchard evapotranspiration (ETli 9-17h) accurately by the proposed models. Relevance of other temporal effects operating on gs and ETli 9-17h determination, in addition to environmental variations, was evident.

The design techniques of the components on the macro level are established in the scientific community, however are far behind from the real material performance limits. To obtain those limits, the deeper understanding of the material structure is required. The methods of a new comonents production through standard alloying are the basis of the modern material science manufacturing. The design of the materials with expected required performance limits is the next conceptual step for the materials scientist. As results, to make this step, the problem of a precise material structure analyses on the microstructural level is one os the major importance for the next generation materials design. The complexity of the material structure across the scales(macro-micro) requires a new non deterministic methods for better understanding of the connectivity betwen a materials performance and material microstructure features. This work presents a various new research methodologies and techniques of the material microstructure characterization and numerical design with future applications to the anlyses of the material behavior. The focus of the particular research was to analyse a new cross correlation function of the material structure on the micro length scale and develop a novel framework which allows a better understanding of various important material phenomenas such as failure initiation and recrystallization.

From the Proceedings of the 1971 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 22-23, 1971, Tempe, Arizona / In order to construct a simulation model for ephemeral streamflow and to examine in depth the problem of the worth of data for that model, measurements of the ephemeral streamflow of Rillitto creek, Tucson, were analyzed for the period 1933-1965. The simulation model was based on several hypotheses: (1) flow durations and their succeeding dry periods (time when no flow is present) are independent; (2) the distribution of the lengths of the dry periods and flows is stationary over a certain period of the year (summer); (3) stationary probability distributions for flow durations and for dry period lengths can be derived. A related problem was how to derive a simulation model for the total amount of flow (in acre-ft) within 1 flow period. Three variables were considered: flow duration (minutes), peak intensity of flow (cu ft/sec) and antecedent dry period-minutes (ADP). Because the assumption of variance constancy does not hold, a multiplicative regression model was used. Using an analysis of variance, which is described in detail, the worth of the 3 kinds of data were examined in relation to total flow. It was concluded that there are at least 5 times during the year when the flow intervals differ significantly, and the ADP is not important in determining flow volume because of the poison flow arrival rate in summer. Events occur at random and are not clustered as in summer, indicating that channel moisture does not differ much between flow events.

Ce rapport présente des méthodes de prétraitement, d'analyse statistique et d'interprétation de chroniques hydrogéologiques de massifs peu perméables (argilites) dans le cadre d'études sur le stockage profond de déchets radioactifs. Les séries temporelles analysées sont la pression interstitielle et la pression atmosphérique, en relation avec différents phénomènes (marées terrestres, effet barométrique, évolution de l'excavation des galeries). Les pré-traitements permettent de reconstituer et homogénéiser les chroniques de données en présence de lacunes, aberrations, et pas de temps variables. Les signaux prétraités sont ensuite analysés en vue de caractériser les propriétés hydrauliques du massif peu perméable (emmagasinement spécifique ; porosité effective). Pour cela, on a développé et mis en oeuvre les méthodes d'analyses suivantes (implémentées en Matlab): analyses corrélatoires et spectrales (Fourier) ; analyses ondelettes multirésolution ; enveloppes de signaux aléatoires. Cette méthodologie est appliquée aux données acquises au Laboratoire Souterrain du Consortium International du Mont Terri (Jura Suisse), ainsi qu'à certaines données des Laboratoires Souterrains de Tournemire (Aveyron) et de Meuse / Haute-Marne (ANDRA) / This report presents a set of statistical methods for pre-processing and analyzing multivariate hydrogeologic time series, such as pore pressure and its relation to atmospheric pressure. The goal is to study the hydrogeologic characteristics of low permeability geologic formations (argilite) in the context of deep disposal of radioactive waste. The pressure time series are analyzed in relation with different phenomena, such as earth tides, barometric effects, and the evolution of excavated galleries. The pre-processing is necessary for reconstituting and homogenizing the time series in the presence of data gaps, outliers, and variable time steps. The preprocessed signals are then analyzed with a view to characterizing the hydraulic properties of this type of low permeability formation (specific storativity; effective porosity). For this sake, we have developed and used the following methods (implemented in Matlab): temporal correlation analyses; spectral/Fourier analyses; multiresolution wavelet analyses envelopes of random processes. This methodology is applied to data collected at the URL (Underground Research Laboratory) of the Mont Terri International Consortium (Swiss Jura), as well as some other data collected at the URL of IRSN at Tournemire (Aveyron) and at the URL of ANDRA (Meuse / Haute-Marne)