O tema dessa pesquisa é o consumo de substâncias psicoativas em contextos urbanos. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em situações de lazer e sociabilidade de três redes de amigos, que se cruzam em alguns pontos. Essas pessoas são provenientes da classe média, residem na cidade de São Paulo, a maior parte delas possui formação superior, todas estão inseridas no mercado de trabalho e suas idades variam entre 27 e 35 anos. Com base nas entrevistas e na observação participante dos encontros em que os psicoativos eram consumidos, o objetivo é apresentar as mudanças e as continuidades no modo como a rede de psicoativos é mobilizada e problematizada ao longo das carreiras dessas pessoas como consumidoras de drogas (Becker, 1973) as quais correspondem, em média, aos últimos dez anos de suas vidas. O material é analisado a partir da noção de curso da vida, mais especificamente, no caso, de transição para a vida adulta, com as quais olhamos para as categorias de loucura e estragação, que são utilizadas para descrever os efeitos dos psicoativos sobre os corpos. Nesse sentido, atenta-se para o modo como a atuação dessas substâncias nos corpos e nas redes de amizade possibilita a elaboração e a regulação de normas referentes à idade, o que, neste contexto, articula-se à elaboração do estilo que aqui denomino bagaceira; essas normas se articulam também a outros marcadores da diferença como classe, gênero e sexualidade e, ainda, a ideais sobre laços de parentesco, de amizade e de conjugalidade. Em poucas palavras, a hipótese com que trabalho é que, por meio dessas práticas e de suas narrativas, essas pessoas se apresentam umas perante as outras, delimitam laços sociais e refletem sobre eles. / The theme of this research is the consumption of psychoactive substances in urban contexts. The field work was conducted during situations of leisure and sociability of a network of friends, that interconnect with one another in some points. They are middle class people and inhabit the city of São Paulo, most of them have higher education qualifications, all of them are inserted in the labor market and their age range between 27 and 35 years. Based on interviews and participant observation in meetings in which psychoactive drugs were consumed, the goal is to present the changes and continuities in the way the network of psychoactive substances is mobilized and channeled along the careers of these people as drug users (Becker, 1973) - which correspond, on average, to the last ten years of their lives. The data is analyzed based on the notion of the course of life, more specifically, in the case, of transition to adulthood, through which we look at the categories of loucura and estragação, which are used to describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on bodies. Accordingly, we describe how these substances act upon bodies and friendship networks enabling the development and regulation of standards regarding age, which, in this context, articulates to the development of the style here named bagaceira; these norms are also articulated to other markers of difference such as class, gender and sexuality, and also to the ideals of kinship, friendship, and conjugal ties. In short my hypotheses is that through these practices and their narratives these people present themselves to one another, draw social bonds and reflect about themselves.

O tema dessa pesquisa é o consumo de substâncias psicoativas em contextos urbanos. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em situações de lazer e sociabilidade de três redes de amigos, que se cruzam em alguns pontos. Essas pessoas são provenientes da classe média, residem na cidade de São Paulo, a maior parte delas possui formação superior, todas estão inseridas no mercado de trabalho e suas idades variam entre 27 e 35 anos. Com base nas entrevistas e na observação participante dos encontros em que os psicoativos eram consumidos, o objetivo é apresentar as mudanças e as continuidades no modo como a rede de psicoativos é mobilizada e problematizada ao longo das carreiras dessas pessoas como consumidoras de drogas (Becker, 1973) as quais correspondem, em média, aos últimos dez anos de suas vidas. O material é analisado a partir da noção de curso da vida, mais especificamente, no caso, de transição para a vida adulta, com as quais olhamos para as categorias de loucura e estragação, que são utilizadas para descrever os efeitos dos psicoativos sobre os corpos. Nesse sentido, atenta-se para o modo como a atuação dessas substâncias nos corpos e nas redes de amizade possibilita a elaboração e a regulação de normas referentes à idade, o que, neste contexto, articula-se à elaboração do estilo que aqui denomino bagaceira; essas normas se articulam também a outros marcadores da diferença como classe, gênero e sexualidade e, ainda, a ideais sobre laços de parentesco, de amizade e de conjugalidade. Em poucas palavras, a hipótese com que trabalho é que, por meio dessas práticas e de suas narrativas, essas pessoas se apresentam umas perante as outras, delimitam laços sociais e refletem sobre eles. / The theme of this research is the consumption of psychoactive substances in urban contexts. The field work was conducted during situations of leisure and sociability of a network of friends, that interconnect with one another in some points. They are middle class people and inhabit the city of São Paulo, most of them have higher education qualifications, all of them are inserted in the labor market and their age range between 27 and 35 years. Based on interviews and participant observation in meetings in which psychoactive drugs were consumed, the goal is to present the changes and continuities in the way the network of psychoactive substances is mobilized and channeled along the careers of these people as drug users (Becker, 1973) - which correspond, on average, to the last ten years of their lives. The data is analyzed based on the notion of the course of life, more specifically, in the case, of transition to adulthood, through which we look at the categories of loucura and estragação, which are used to describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on bodies. Accordingly, we describe how these substances act upon bodies and friendship networks enabling the development and regulation of standards regarding age, which, in this context, articulates to the development of the style here named bagaceira; these norms are also articulated to other markers of difference such as class, gender and sexuality, and also to the ideals of kinship, friendship, and conjugal ties. In short my hypotheses is that through these practices and their narratives these people present themselves to one another, draw social bonds and reflect about themselves.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EveraldoRA.pdf: 1143025 bytes, checksum: 9d059f2c0d0aba031151ab9037727ea9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / We understand that the successful old age is not confined only in the analysis of quantitative aspects concerning the economic situation of the subject that gets old, but this special way of aging is related to other values, such as dignity, happiness, self-esteem, willingness, autonomy, independence, social involvement with family and friends, among others. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the human aging process, considering the history of life of ten seniors who fit the profile of successful old age, seeking to identify elements that contribute to educational thinking in order to get a successful aging. In this perspective, we argue in this study, the idea that we need to learn to engage in experiences that more than providing satisfaction and well-being in the moment in which we conducted, serve as a potentiating to a successful old age. Thus, throughout this thesis we question: what are the present indicative in the histories of life of elderly people, considered successful, which may contribute to an education that people experiencing their age more satisfactorily. This is a qualitative study, that took as universe a methodological oral history, in which we used as a technique of research a semistructured interview as a part of their life history, with emphasis on consideration of the following categories: diary routine, with emphasis on social harmony in the family, at work and in friendship groups of leisure and physical activity, self-knowledge and the learning experiences throughout life. To get the objectives outlined, as well as lectured on the categories analyzed, we support our reflection on the theory of the course of life, which includes human aging as a historical and cultural contextual reality. Our research revealed, among other things, that successful aging is coupled to an active lifestyle, where the involvement in physical activities, recreational and social experiences throughout life is important for increasing self-esteem, autonomy and joy of living, conditions that enable successful old age. Our study also revealed that the educationfor successful old age is linked with the consumption along the life, educational activities which broaden the possibilities of social interaction between people, even among different generations, since the interaction is important to learn and accept our possibilities and limits. / Compreendemos que a velhice bem-sucedida n?o se resume unicamente na an?lise de aspectos quantitativos referentes ? situa??o econ?mica do sujeito que envelhece, mas sim que este modo especial de envelhecer encontra-se relacionado a outros valores, como por exemplo, a dignidade, a felicidade, a auto-estima, a disposi??o, a autonomia, a independ?ncia, o envolvimento social com a fam?lia e com os amigos, dentre outros. Nesse sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o processo de envelhecimento humano, considerando a hist?ria de vida de dez idosos que se enquadram no perfil de velhice bem-sucedida, buscando identificar elementos que contribuam para pensarmos a??es educativas favorecedoras de um envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Nessa perspectiva, defendemos, neste estudo, a id?ia de que necessitamos aprender a nos envolver em experi?ncias que, al?m de nos proporcionar satisfa??o e bem-estar no momento em que as realizamos, nos sirvam como potencializadoras para uma velhice bem-sucedida. Deste modo, ao longo dessa tese questionamos: quais os indicativos presentes nas hist?rias de vida de idosos considerados bem-sucedidos que podem contribuir para uma educa??o que permita as pessoas vivenciarem sua velhice de maneira mais satisfat?ria? Trata-se de estudo de car?ter qualitativo, que teve como universo metodol?gico a Hist?ria Oral, no qual utilizamos como t?cnica de pesquisa a entrevista semi-estruturada, no ?mbito da hist?ria de vida, com ?nfase para a an?lise das seguintes categorias: rotina di?ria, com destaque para a conviv?ncia social na fam?lia, no trabalho e nos grupos de amizade e de lazer e de atividade f?sica; o autoconhecimento e as aprendizagens vivenciadas ao longo da vida. Para atendermos os objetivos tra?ados, bem como dissertamos sobre as categorias analisadas, apoiamos nossa reflex?o na teoria do curso de vida, a qual compreende o envelhecimento humano como sendo uma realidade contextualizada, hist?rica e cultural. Nossa pesquisa revelou, entre outros aspectos, que o envelhecimento bem-sucedido encontra-se atrelado a um estilo de vida ativo, onde o envolvimento em atividades f?sicas, recreativas e sociais, vivenciadas ao longo da vida ? fundamental para ampliar a auto-estima, a autonomia e alegria de viver, condi??es necess?rias para viabilizar a velhice bemsucedida Nosso estudo, tamb?m revelou que a educa??o para avelhice bem-sucedida encontra-se atrelada ao oferecimento, ao longo da vida, de a??es educativas que alarguem as possibilidades de conviv?ncia social entre os indiv?duos, inclusive entre pessoas de diferentes gera??es, posto que o conv?vio ? importante para que possamos aprender a aceitar nossas possibilidades e limites

This thesis examines how patterns of time use change in later life and how the way in which older people use their time is related to well-being. Arguing that maintaining balance in time use concerns not only people of working age but matters for people of all ages, we propose an alternative theoretical framework of life balance. This consists of two conceptual models: The Life Balance Triangle and Multidimensional Life Balance (MLB). Using UK time use data, the thesis demonstrates the empirical applicability of these two models in enhancing our understanding of older people's daily lives. The life balance model, which we built by modifying the theoretical categorisation of time use by Ås (1978) and the work-leisure triangle of Gershuny (2003), identifies and presents alteration in time use across the life course as changes in balance between constraints (committed time) and freedom of choice (discretionary time), controlling for time spent on biological/physiological maintenance (regenerative time). We find the balance shifts towards greater discretionary, and less committed, time in later life, with a significant gender gap. Life stage, which reflects social structure and expectations, rather than biological ageing, was found to be the most influential factor for life balance dynamics. Findings suggest that men may find it more difficult to adjust to life beyond work because of abrupt and greater changes in life balance, which may disrupt their daily time structure. The multidimensional life balance model challenges the assumption of a linear relationship between the level of activity and well-being of older people. Adapting the Alkire-Foster method (Alkire and Foster, 2011), we propose a threshold-based approach that takes the heterogeneity of older people and multidimensionality of daily life into account, and emphasises overall balance in the level of activities across various activity domains. Results show MLB is associated positively with better self-assessed health, suggesting a threshold effect. We also identify the demographic/socio-economic groups more likely to lack MLB, as well as domains in which most people are deficient. The thesis contributes to work-life balance research by moving beyond paid-work centrality, and to ageing research by providing a multidimensional approach to activities and well-being in later life.

Studiens övergripande syfte är "Att ur ett livsloppsperspektiv beskriva och analysera äldre personers erfarenheter av och berättelser om psykisk ohälsa och hur de upplever att den påverkar åldrandet". De ursprungliga frågeställningarna var: "Hur upplever äldre personer att åldras med psykisk ohälsa?" och "Hur kan psykisk ohälsa bland äldre förstås ur ett livsloppsperspektiv?". Under studiens gång utkristalliserades en tredje frågeställning som ett analytiskt resultat av datamaterialet. Den lyder: "Vilka livsstrategier använder dessa personer för att hantera sina liv med psykisk ohälsa?" Sex personer mellan 65 och 85 år intervjuades om sin subjektiva erfarenhet av att leva med psykisk ohälsa. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och livsloppsorienterade för att fånga livets sammansatta dynamik och upplevelsen av att leva ett långt liv med psykisk ohälsa. De viktigaste resultaten pekade på en mycket stark identifikation mellan sjukdom och person som också format intervjupersonernas berättelser om och upplevelser av det levda livet. Det blev också tydligt att ett långt liv med psykisk ohälsa påverkar livets helhet. / The aim of this study is: "From a course of life perspective describe and analyse elderly’s experiences and tales about psychological ill-health and how that is influencing the aging". The original question formulations were: "How does elderly people experience aging with psychological ill-health?" and "How can psychological ill-health among elders be understood trough a live course perspective?". During the study a third question arose as an analytical result from the study material. "Which strategies does these people use to cope with their lives with psychological ill-health?". Six persons between the age of 65 to 85 where interviewed about their subjective experience about living with psychological ill-health. The interviews where semi-structured and course of live oriented to catch life’s compound dynamics and the experience to live a long live with psychological ill-health. The most important result in the study shows that there is a very strong identification between illness and the person that formed the interviewee’s story about their experience of the life lived. It also became clear that a life with psychological ill-health has a life embracing meaning.