The reciprocal influence between the Inter-American Court andthe European Court of Human Rights has been analysed by several studies that have focused on the impact of the European case- law in its Inter- American counterpart. In this context, this paper aims to pay attention to the reverse phenomenon. Therefore, it studies the decisions in which the European Court of Human Rights has explicitly referred to the Inter-American Court’s case law. By doing so, it attempts to elucidate the subject areas in which the European Court is most influenced by its Inter-American counterpart and the extent of this influence. / La  influencia  recíproca  de  las  jurisprudencias  de  la  Corte Interamericana y el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos ha sido objeto de muchos estudios, que han tendido a poner especial atención en el impacto de la jurisprudencia europea en su homóloga americana. En este contexto, el trabajo que se presenta propone analizar el fenómeno inverso, estudiando las decisiones del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos que han citado de forma expresa a la Corte Interamericana, con miras a determinar las materias sobre las que la influencia interamericana en la jurisprudencia europea es más evidente, así como el alcance de esa eventual influencia.

- PROCEDURAL STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS BEFORE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS The position of international NGOs within the system of international law or specifically their position before individual international bodies is a topic that the international law theory does not consider very much. Hence, this master's thesis aims to present what role do the international NGOs play in the international arena and particularly places the focus on the procedural roles they may take upon in the european and the inter-american human rights systems. The thesis is divided into 3 main parts and several chapters. The first part deals with the history of international NGOs and delimiting the term. Regarding the latter several definitions are presented and assessed and the differences between the international NGOs and transnational corporations are drawn. The thesis then explores the position of international NGOs as subjects of international law and their role in human rights protection which reflects the topis of the thesis. The second part is devoted to particular roles of international NGOs before the selected courts. The first chapter deconstructs the institute of amicus curiae including the way it is embeded into the systems of both courts and the way it is made use of. This...

Exposé des raisons de fait et de droit qui fondent le dispositif, « mobiles psychologiques » ayant conduit le juge à se forger sa conviction, telle est la motivation des décisions de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme. Parce qu'elle cherche à la fois à justifier et à expliquer les choix du juge, la motivation strasbourgeoise ne se conçoit pas comme une simple déduction purement logique. Elle est aussi un acte important de rhétorique. La Cour accorde une importance particulière au fait d'emporter l'adhésion de l'auditoire afin que celui-ci réceptionne de façon spontanée ses décisions et le droit qu'elle produit. C'est en faisant appel à la raison que la Cour entend affirmer son autorité et réaliser la mission qu'elle s'est fixée : former un droit commun européen des droits de l'homme. A la fois moyen de renforcement de la légitimité du juge et condition de la légitimité de ses décisions, la motivation contribue à nourrir la confiance des justiciables et des Etats parties dans la justice européenne. Dotée d'une fonction pédagogique, la motivation permet aussi à la Cour de persuader l'auditoire et d'inciter les Etats à la réception de sa jurisprudence. De ces différentes fonctions découlent alors une certaine manière de motiver. Certes, l'exposé des motifs n'est pas exempt de critiques. Il révèle régulièrement les erreurs, les manipulations et les excès d'un juge au pouvoir normatif certain. Mais le nombre considérable de décisions rendues invite à conclure au caractère satisfaisant de la motivation. Les efforts de la Cour pour construire un style judiciaire de qualité, mais aussi adapter de façon constante le contenu de sa motivation et « coller » de ce fait au plus près des réalités de la société démocratique européenne, doivent en effet être soulignés. / The motivation of the European Court of Human Rights' judgments is based both on the exposition of reasons containing elements of fact and law and on the “psychological motives” that allow the European judge to build up his convictions. The motivation included in the judgment tries both to justify and explain the Court's choice. So, it can't be considered only as a purely logical deduction. It is also an important act of rhetoric. The European Court wishes her audience to accept its case law in a spontaneous and voluntary way. The Court chooses therefore to appeal to good sense rather than constraint to assert its case law authority and so fulfill its long term mission which consists in building a European common law on Human Rights . The motivation contributes to build the legitimacy of the European Court's decisions. It also allows the public and the Contracting States to trust the European justice and to acknowledge the legitimacy of its decisions. It means that the motivation is also a teaching method helping to receive its case law and to accept the European supervision. To achieve this aim, the Court chose different strategies that sometimes show the mistakes, the manipulations or the excesses of the European Court's function. Nevertheless, the general opinion on the Court's motivation is positive and helps to adapt its contents to the realities of the democratic European society. The European Court's efforts to build a quality style of judgments must be also underlined.

- anglicky The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms does not guarantee any right to the environment, in spite of that the European Court of Human Rights developed an extensive environmental case-law. This thesis examines the aforementioned case-law and on the ground of this examination assesses what are the limits of protection granted by the Court to the environment. The thesis focuses particularly on the limb of the case-law in which endangerment of the environment is perceived as violation of certain rights protected under the Convention. Subsequently, from the analysis of the selected cases the conclusion is inferred that the Convention is even in its present-day form an instrument which may contribute to the protection of the environment, nevertheless, its environmental effect in the states which are parties to the Convention will probably not be particularly significant.

Limits of freedom of expression in the light of case-law of the European Court of Human Rights This diploma thesis deals with the freedom of expression and its permissible limits as those declared in Article 10 od the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter referred as "Convention"). Freedom of expression is guaranteed to everyone. However freedom of expression is not absolute, restrictions on freedom of expression by the intervention of the national authorities to individual freedoms is permissable in case of existence any justifiable targets pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 10. We named this procedure by test legality, legitimacy and proportionality. So, in other words, the measures used against a person must be established legal standards, must pursue achieving a legitimate aim and be necessary in a democratic society. European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter "the Court") applies this test whenever it finds existing interference with freedom of expression. It focuses on case law precedents, set by the European Court's of Human Rights (hereinafter referred as "Court"), in cases of complaints for violation of the freedom of expression concerning the admissibility of the use of legitimate aim clauses by national authorities applying law. The structure of the contents of this thesis...

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of wiretapping and interception of telecommunications pursuant to Section 88 of the Czech Criminal Procedure Act. It deals also with the question of the so called metering which is governed by a separate Section within the Czech Criminal Procedure Act, Section 88a. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide thorough analysis of these two legal issues, taking into consideration domestic, international and partially also foreign legal provisions. This thesis is systematically divided into three main chapters which offer sequential elaboration on domestic, "European" and Slovak legislation. Each of these chapters is split into several separate parts. In Chapter One, I outline concept, major principles and procedure applying to wiretapping and interception of telecommunication on one hand, and concept, major principles and procedure applying to metering on the other hand. Issue of application of wiretap and interception of telecommunication obtained from foreign authority, as well as question of usage of acquired e-mail content are dealt with in two separate parts of this chapter. Moreover, I focus on utilization of the intercepted wiretap, in case it has been procured by a private individual. Second Chapter is dedicated to help the reader understand the...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gasparoto_al_dr_mar.pdf: 558358 bytes, checksum: ca0360fc9ba1705edfb9aebda579abeb (MD5) / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade do princípio da primazia da norma mais favorável ao indivíduo nas sentenças e opiniões consultivas proferidas pelas Cortes Européia e Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Esta investigação foi feita por meio de uma análise da aplicação do princípio pro homine, nos tribunais europeu e interamericano dos direitos humanos, sob os pontos de vista da doutrina, jurisprudência e opiniões consultivas emitidas pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e pelo Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos. / This research aimed to investigate the employ of the principle of the primacy of the most favorable rule to the individual during the judgments and advisory opinions given for the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and European Court of Human Rights. The analysis was done evaluating the application of the pro homine principle in the referred courts about the doctrine jurisprudence and advisory opinions given for the Inter-American and European Courts of Human Rights.

Recent Inter-American Court of Human Rights jurisprudence has resulted in major amendments to Mexican military justice law that were previously thought to be impossible, considering the historical role of the armed forces and Mexico's civil-military pact. Yet, with a recent Supreme Court decision, Mexican law has been modified to bring it into compliance with the Inter-American Court's decisions. However, their efficacy has been undermined by aspects of the decisions which were not made on a principled basis.

Recent Inter-American Court of Human Rights jurisprudence has resulted in major amendments to Mexican military justice law that were previously thought to be impossible, considering the historical role of the armed forces and Mexico's civil-military pact. Yet, with a recent Supreme Court decision, Mexican law has been modified to bring it into compliance with the Inter-American Court's decisions. However, their efficacy has been undermined by aspects of the decisions which were not made on a principled basis.

This thesis aims to provide an evaluation of the property aspect of the Cyprus problem. The &#039 / property issue&#039 / is an important aspect of the problem because it concerns the individual human rights and interests of a large population on both sides of the island. Following an introduction and a description of the historical backgroundof the island, there will be a basic account of the Cyprus conflict in order to have a perspective on the disagreement. The bulk of the thesis is then formed by the problem of property in the overall disagreement and both sides&rsquo / arguments towards the issue. After detailing various peace negotiations in relation to the property issue, the involvement of the European Court of Human Rights in the issue will be discussed, including the most recent developments which have since emerged