Esta dissertação parte da indagação sobre o arquétipo residencial arquitetônico da casa-pátio, que se configura como um vazio na habitação, um espaço confinado, protegido e oculto. Este pátio interno, fechado, com suas sutis mas ricas características, conferem a ele uma ambiência única, com uma peculiar atmosfera. Essa indagação originou-se a partir da vivência do autor, como estagiário de arquitetura, em uma casa na cidade de Porto Alegre, construída na década de 1970, de autoria do arquiteto Elyseu Victor Mascarello (1935- 2008), formado em 1958, na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foi aluno do primeiro corpo docente da instituição. A investigação consolida a busca do autor pela compreensão sobre o que estava em jogo na clareira da residência, quem eram os atuantes, e se haveria uma forma de mimetizar aquela condição em novos projetos ou outras situações. A identificação do pátio interno como uma clareira na casa e sua aproximação metafórica com o conceito heideggeriano da clareira do ser (Lichtung) conduz a pesquisa à investigação sobre a fenomenologia de acordo com a visão de Heidegger, relacionando a clareira filosófica, existencial, à clareira física, doméstica. Nestas condições, a clareira da casa-pátio Mascarello torna-se o cerne central da pesquisa, na busca pelas nuances presentes que a configuram, que a potencializam. A clareira de Heidegger é definida e aproximada à casa sagrada, existencial. No âmbito doméstico, outros exemplos de tipologias de clareiras em casas-pátio são desvelados, analisando-se suas potencialidades de clareiras. Este trabalho busca, portanto, trazer uma nova luz à casa com pátio interno, sob a égide da ancestralidade conceitual da casa, analisando o microcosmos criado, a presença da natureza e do cosmos em diferentes tipologias de casas-pátio. / This dissertation arose out of the inquiry concerning to the architectonic residential archetype of the courtyard house, which is configured by an empty area in the habitation, a confined, protected and occult space. This enclosed inner courtyard, with its subtle yet rich features, gives it a unique ambience with a peculiar atmosphere. This investigation was originated from the author’s experience, as an architectural intern, in a house located in Porto Alegre, built in the 1970s, by the architect Elyseu Victor Mascarello (1935-2008). Mascarello graduated in 1958, from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, where he had been a student of the first academic teachers of the institution. The investigation consolidates the author's search for an understanding of what was at stake in the clearing of the residence, what were the active elements, and whether there would be a way of miming that condition into new projects or into other situations. The identification of the internal courtyard as a clearing in the house and its metaphorical relation, with the Heideggerian concept of the clearing of being (Lichtung), leads the research to the investigation of phenomenology, according to Heidegger's view, relating the existential philosophical clearing to the physical domestic clearing. Under these conditions, the clearing of Mascarello’s courtyard house becomes the central focus of the research, aiming to find the existing nuances, which configures and enhances the clearing. Heidegger's clearing is defined and related to the sacred, existential house. Within the domestic scope, other examples of clearing typologies in courtyard houses are unveiled, analyzing their potential for clearings. This work thus aims to shed a new light on the house with internal courtyard, under the aegis of the conceptual ancestry of the house, analyzing the created microcosm, the presence of nature and of the cosmos in different courtyard house typologies.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

This dissertation focuses on basic documentation within an idiographic circumstance. The documenting object is dwelling courtyards in Ancient City of Ping Yao (ACPY). It explores the former similar documentation efforts and introduces the author’s own proposed documentation methodology, and follows up the later application of the methodology, and finally assesses itself. This process provided a meaningful reference sample to other practical documentation work. To better introduce the documentation methodology, the dissertation also talks about Ping Yao dwelling courtyards in detail. If the reader is interested in local residential architectures, this dissertation will be helpful. Besides referring significance of documentation method exploring, the documentation also involves deeply into ACPY’s conservation affairs, which is mainly concluded in appendix. To introduce the factors influencing this event of conservation career, this dissertation can be a record to ACPY’s conservation development in the transferring times, which can lead people who are interested to have a better understanding what is going on at the implementation level. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

In Qing Dynasty, Chang’s family was one of the most famous merchants of the Shanxi ancient business. Chang’s Manor, which has a history of more than 200 years, stays as the most awarded civil building assembly among all the Shanxi compounds by its elaborate sculptures, wooden decorated archways, brick sculpted walls and many other art forms. Since 2001, Chang’s Manor has been commercialized for tourism purpose. Many “interesting stories” have been made up while lots of facts which are the real “people’s history” were left out and may be lost forever. This is also a common problem within many heritages which have been transformed into tourist attractions in China. And this arouses my research interests. In this dissertation, I would like to seek and tell the “true stories” from 1949 to 2001 in accordance with my conversation with the original habitants who have had real life experience of the original places. Surely, I will identify the real social value of Chang’s Manor through the interpretation of the true stories from local people. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Esta dissertação parte da indagação sobre o arquétipo residencial arquitetônico da casa-pátio, que se configura como um vazio na habitação, um espaço confinado, protegido e oculto. Este pátio interno, fechado, com suas sutis mas ricas características, conferem a ele uma ambiência única, com uma peculiar atmosfera. Essa indagação originou-se a partir da vivência do autor, como estagiário de arquitetura, em uma casa na cidade de Porto Alegre, construída na década de 1970, de autoria do arquiteto Elyseu Victor Mascarello (1935- 2008), formado em 1958, na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foi aluno do primeiro corpo docente da instituição. A investigação consolida a busca do autor pela compreensão sobre o que estava em jogo na clareira da residência, quem eram os atuantes, e se haveria uma forma de mimetizar aquela condição em novos projetos ou outras situações. A identificação do pátio interno como uma clareira na casa e sua aproximação metafórica com o conceito heideggeriano da clareira do ser (Lichtung) conduz a pesquisa à investigação sobre a fenomenologia de acordo com a visão de Heidegger, relacionando a clareira filosófica, existencial, à clareira física, doméstica. Nestas condições, a clareira da casa-pátio Mascarello torna-se o cerne central da pesquisa, na busca pelas nuances presentes que a configuram, que a potencializam. A clareira de Heidegger é definida e aproximada à casa sagrada, existencial. No âmbito doméstico, outros exemplos de tipologias de clareiras em casas-pátio são desvelados, analisando-se suas potencialidades de clareiras. Este trabalho busca, portanto, trazer uma nova luz à casa com pátio interno, sob a égide da ancestralidade conceitual da casa, analisando o microcosmos criado, a presença da natureza e do cosmos em diferentes tipologias de casas-pátio. / This dissertation arose out of the inquiry concerning to the architectonic residential archetype of the courtyard house, which is configured by an empty area in the habitation, a confined, protected and occult space. This enclosed inner courtyard, with its subtle yet rich features, gives it a unique ambience with a peculiar atmosphere. This investigation was originated from the author’s experience, as an architectural intern, in a house located in Porto Alegre, built in the 1970s, by the architect Elyseu Victor Mascarello (1935-2008). Mascarello graduated in 1958, from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, where he had been a student of the first academic teachers of the institution. The investigation consolidates the author's search for an understanding of what was at stake in the clearing of the residence, what were the active elements, and whether there would be a way of miming that condition into new projects or into other situations. The identification of the internal courtyard as a clearing in the house and its metaphorical relation, with the Heideggerian concept of the clearing of being (Lichtung), leads the research to the investigation of phenomenology, according to Heidegger's view, relating the existential philosophical clearing to the physical domestic clearing. Under these conditions, the clearing of Mascarello’s courtyard house becomes the central focus of the research, aiming to find the existing nuances, which configures and enhances the clearing. Heidegger's clearing is defined and related to the sacred, existential house. Within the domestic scope, other examples of clearing typologies in courtyard houses are unveiled, analyzing their potential for clearings. This work thus aims to shed a new light on the house with internal courtyard, under the aegis of the conceptual ancestry of the house, analyzing the created microcosm, the presence of nature and of the cosmos in different courtyard house typologies.

Esta dissertação parte da indagação sobre o arquétipo residencial arquitetônico da casa-pátio, que se configura como um vazio na habitação, um espaço confinado, protegido e oculto. Este pátio interno, fechado, com suas sutis mas ricas características, conferem a ele uma ambiência única, com uma peculiar atmosfera. Essa indagação originou-se a partir da vivência do autor, como estagiário de arquitetura, em uma casa na cidade de Porto Alegre, construída na década de 1970, de autoria do arquiteto Elyseu Victor Mascarello (1935- 2008), formado em 1958, na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foi aluno do primeiro corpo docente da instituição. A investigação consolida a busca do autor pela compreensão sobre o que estava em jogo na clareira da residência, quem eram os atuantes, e se haveria uma forma de mimetizar aquela condição em novos projetos ou outras situações. A identificação do pátio interno como uma clareira na casa e sua aproximação metafórica com o conceito heideggeriano da clareira do ser (Lichtung) conduz a pesquisa à investigação sobre a fenomenologia de acordo com a visão de Heidegger, relacionando a clareira filosófica, existencial, à clareira física, doméstica. Nestas condições, a clareira da casa-pátio Mascarello torna-se o cerne central da pesquisa, na busca pelas nuances presentes que a configuram, que a potencializam. A clareira de Heidegger é definida e aproximada à casa sagrada, existencial. No âmbito doméstico, outros exemplos de tipologias de clareiras em casas-pátio são desvelados, analisando-se suas potencialidades de clareiras. Este trabalho busca, portanto, trazer uma nova luz à casa com pátio interno, sob a égide da ancestralidade conceitual da casa, analisando o microcosmos criado, a presença da natureza e do cosmos em diferentes tipologias de casas-pátio. / This dissertation arose out of the inquiry concerning to the architectonic residential archetype of the courtyard house, which is configured by an empty area in the habitation, a confined, protected and occult space. This enclosed inner courtyard, with its subtle yet rich features, gives it a unique ambience with a peculiar atmosphere. This investigation was originated from the author’s experience, as an architectural intern, in a house located in Porto Alegre, built in the 1970s, by the architect Elyseu Victor Mascarello (1935-2008). Mascarello graduated in 1958, from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, where he had been a student of the first academic teachers of the institution. The investigation consolidates the author's search for an understanding of what was at stake in the clearing of the residence, what were the active elements, and whether there would be a way of miming that condition into new projects or into other situations. The identification of the internal courtyard as a clearing in the house and its metaphorical relation, with the Heideggerian concept of the clearing of being (Lichtung), leads the research to the investigation of phenomenology, according to Heidegger's view, relating the existential philosophical clearing to the physical domestic clearing. Under these conditions, the clearing of Mascarello’s courtyard house becomes the central focus of the research, aiming to find the existing nuances, which configures and enhances the clearing. Heidegger's clearing is defined and related to the sacred, existential house. Within the domestic scope, other examples of clearing typologies in courtyard houses are unveiled, analyzing their potential for clearings. This work thus aims to shed a new light on the house with internal courtyard, under the aegis of the conceptual ancestry of the house, analyzing the created microcosm, the presence of nature and of the cosmos in different courtyard house typologies.

Le pari de cette thèse fut double : mettre en avant la singularité de l’architecture des temples à cour, tout en plaçant la question des identités puniques et romaines au cœur de notre réflexion. Le récent renouveau de l’archéologie punique, phénicienne et proche orientale nous a permis d’appréhender l’étude du culte pratiqué dans ces sanctuaires, en tenant compte de ses dimensions culturelles, historiques et sociologiques.Un réexamen architectural de l’ensemble des édifices religieux, découverts pour la plupart lors de l’exploration archéologique de la Tunisie à la fin du XIXe siècle et au début XXe, met en exergue un ensemble de caractères communs, de dissemblances, mais aussi des éléments étrangers à la tradition architecturale romaine, qu’il est possible – ou non – de rattacher à l’héritage phénico-punique (I).Les temples étant l’expression architectonique des besoins cultuels, nous avons par la suite mené une étude des cultes pratiqués dans l’enceinte des sanctuaires à partir de l’analyse du mobilier archéologique, en vue d’identifier les divinités auxquelles ont été consacrés les temples à cour et tenter de restituer une archéologie du parcours (II). Comment appréhender la genèse architecturale du temple à cour en Afrique Proconsulaire et son évolution tant formelle que fonctionnelle durant la colonisation romaine ? L’analyse des différents processus de transformations de ces édifices religieux prévus pour accueillir un culte d’origine punique, permet de mieux comprendre son adaptation dans les cités romaines, où il occupa jusqu’à l’avènement du christianisme une place marginale, bien que centrale dans la conservation des anciennes traditions sémitiques (III). / UThe challenge of this dissertation is twofold: (1) to highlight the uniqueness of the architecture of the courtyard temples; (2) to place the issue of Punic and Roman identities at the heart of our thinking. The recent revival of Punic, Phoenician and Near Eastern archaeology has enabled us to better understand religion practiced in these sanctuaries by taking into account cultural, historical and sociological factors.Reexamination of the architectural features of all religious buildings, discovered for the most part during the archaeological exploration of Tunisia carried out in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, highlights not only a set of common characteristics and differences, but also elements foreign to the Roman architectural tradition, that are possible - or not - to attach to the Phoenician-Punic heritage (I).Temples are the architectural expression of worship needs. Accordingly, a study of the religion practiced within the precincts of shrines has been conducted, focusing on the analysis of archaeological artifacts, in an attempt to identify the deities to whom the courtyard temples were devoted and to return to an archeology course of study (II). How are we to understand the genesis of temple courtyard architecture in Proconsular Africa and its development both formal and functional during Roman colonization? The analysis of the different processes of transformation affecting the religious buildings which were intended to house Punic cults allows a better understanding of the adaptation in the Roman cities, where, although Central to the conservation of ancient Semitic traditions, these buildings remained marginal until the advent of Christianity (III).

abstract: This research aims to investigate the effect of campus courtyards on students’ satisfaction with education. It will look into two different types of courtyard within the Arizona State University. One courtyard space has more elements and attributes of biophilic design and the other has less. In addition, this paper will provide guidelines for designing courtyards that would improve student’s satisfaction with education. The Methodology used is survey handouts to students after the researcher selects the two types of courtyards by observation. The participant in this study are randomly picked young adult college students (n=60). The results indicate a positive effect of biophilic design on student’s satisfaction with education in courtyards. Furthermore, guidelines for designing courtyards based on biophilic design elements and attributes are suggested. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Design 2019

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-167). / Historically, atria were protected interior patios; well perceived for their climate tempering and spatial amenity to the building; matching a peaceful private outdoor with the yearly climate cycles. Public buildings adopted this in larger scale, and with the ending 18th century, atria and arcades merged to a period of architectural highlights of glass covered interiors in steel and glass. Passages, hotels and public buildings of an emerging industrial society in Europe and Northern States spurred the evolution of the "Great Indoors" as an urban feature. The ecology of these indoors were consciously achieved by passive means of temperature control. With the rise of mechanical conditioning and excessive use of glass at facades by the beginning of this century, atria and arcades disappeared more or less from the architectural vocabulary. The late 1950s though experienced a revival of atria as a commercial amenity in malls, hotels and similar type of public places. These atria, however, were generally mechanical conditioned; just typically being enormous energy wasters. With the growing urge for energy conservation today, new parameters form our buildings. For this, atria and arcades of urban scale and passive control achieve a new validity as energy conscious urban form. As the key to our energy future in buildings lies well in the urban context, whose inventory per se offers already a fair degree of energy efficiency, improvements there would yield greatest rewards compared to current suburban solar sprawl. The re-interpretation of atria and arcades will provide a perfect planning tool for this urban energy conservation. The glass covered indoors will match with urban scale and site restraints and spur urban life for livable norther winter cities. Exploring atria and arcades as climate buffers and interior amenity for snow belt latitudes, this thesis presents an architectural review, and concludes with design patterns for habitable and energy conscious urban indoors. / by Joachim W. Glässel. / M.S.