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Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

<p dir="ltr">This study explores the use of hand warmers to enhance hermetic storage. Hand warmers work similarly to conventional oxygen scavengers by consuming oxygen through oxidation. This research aimed to determine how effective hand warmers are in accelerating oxygen reduction and insect mortality in hermetic storage, hence preserving grain quality. The experiments conducted in hermetic containers showed that hand warmers rapidly reduce oxygen levels, achieving insect-lethal conditions much faster than conventional oxygen absorbers like Oxy-Sorb. Our results show that hand warmers brought oxygen levels down to below 5% within 24-48 h and kept them low for an extended period up to 240 h. This quick oxygen depletion led to high insect mortality, reduced oviposition, and inhibited progeny development. Additionally, hand warmers did not negatively impact seed moisture content or germination rates, demonstrating their effectiveness in maintaining grain quality during storage.</p>

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-22T15:27:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Carla Ribeiro Lopes Pereira.pdf: 521109 bytes, checksum: c904d60f2356622098cf9aab3e581e1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T15:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Carla Ribeiro Lopes Pereira.pdf: 521109 bytes, checksum: c904d60f2356622098cf9aab3e581e1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The weevil Callosobruchus maculatus is considered the most important pest of cowpea stored in tropical and subtropical regions. Focusing minimize the undesired effects of synthetic chemical insecticides, vegetal origin oils is a promissory alternative to control it because its low cost and safety to the applicator and consumers. Essential oils (Cymbopogon martini Roxb., Piper aduncum L., P. hispidinervum C.DC., Melaleuca sp. and Lippia gracillis Shau) and fixed oils (Helianthus annus L., Sesamum indicum L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Glycine max L. and Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) were tested in cowpea grains (cv. Ever Green). These oils were used in the concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50μL/20g, corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 L/t and impregnated to the grains into the plastic recipients using an automatic pipette and handly agitated for two minutes. Plots of 20g from cowpea were infested with eight females of C. maculatus from 0 to 48 hours old. Each oil was tested separately in a randomly arrangement with six replicates. The essential oils of C. martini, P. aduncum and L. gracillis provoked 100% of mortality in all concentrations, P. hispedinervum from 1.5 L/t and Melaleuca sp. in the concentrations of 2.0 and 2.5 L/t. The reduction of the viable eggs and emerged insects was about 100%. By the other hand, the fixed oils, in spite of its low mortality in all tested concentrations, reduced at almost 100% the number of the viable eggs and emerged insects. / O caruncho, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), é considerado a praga mais importante do caupi armazenado em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Visando minimizar os efeitos indesejáveis dos inseticidas químicos sintéticos, o controle desta praga com óleos de origem vegetal vem se constituindo numa alternativa promissora, de baixo custo e segura para os aplicadores e consumidores. Foram testados os óleos essenciais (Cymbopogon martini Roxb., Piper aduncum L., P. hispidinervum C.DC., Melaleuca sp., Lippia gracillis Shau) e fixos (Helianthus annus L, Sesamum indicum L, Gossypium hirsutum L., Glycine max L. e Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), em grãos de caupi, cv. Sempre Verde. Os óleos foram utilizados nas concentrações 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50μL/20g, correspondendo a 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5 L/t e impregnados aos grãos no interior de recipientes de plástico, com auxílio de pipetador automático, e agitados manualmente durante dois minutos. Parcelas de 20g de caupi foram infestadas com oito fêmeas de C. maculatus com 0 a 48 h de idade. Cada óleo foi testado, separadamente, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com seis repetições. Os óleos essenciais de C. martini, P. aduncum e L. gracillis causaram 100% de mortalidade em todas as concentrações, P. hispidinervum a partir de 1,5 L/t e Melaleuca sp. nas concentrações de 2,0 e 2,5 L/t. A redução do número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos foi de 100%. Por outro lado, os óleos fixos, apesar de apresentarem baixa mortalidade em todas as concentrações testadas, reduziram em praticamente 100% o número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonFJF_DISSERT.pdf: 1523854 bytes, checksum: fcaa34d5302cf667d8de6933e27ac7c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Grains and legume seeds are foods that form the basis of the diets of many cultures around the world, winch contritbute to the daily nutrient requirements of humans. Vicilins (7S globulin) are storage proteins found in legume seeds, and may have an additional function constitutive defense of the embryo against pests and pathogens. In this work the vicilin from Anadenanthera macrocarpa - AmV (red-angico), was purified and partially characterized, its effect on development and larval survival and adult emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus was evaluated by determination of LD50, WD50 and ED50 in system bioassay. Purification of vicilin was initiated by the chitin affinity chromatography and then gel filtration (Superdex 75 Tricorn 10x300 mm) FPLC system followed by reverse phase chromatography (C8 phenomenex) on HPLC system. Bioassays WD50 and LD50 for larvae were 0.32% and 0.33% (w:w) respectively, since the ED50 for adults was 0.096%. The probable mechanism of action was evaluated by testing digestibility of AmV in vitro, and observed for the involvement of two fragments vicilins immunoreactive against polyclonal Anti-vicilin from Erythrina velutina (Anti-EvV) about of 22 and 13 kDa chitin binding. The AmV in its native form has been recognized by the anti-EvV, indicating that there is a conserved region in the vicilin and is probably corresponding to the chitin binding domains. These results point to a new vicilin chitin binding that can subsequently be used as a possible biopesticide protein source, in order to control insect pest C. maculatus and confirm literature findings that demonstrate vicilin in the presence of different kinds of ligands to conserved regions chitin not yet characterized / Sementes de leguminosas s?o alimentos que comp?em a base das dietas de diversas culturas ao redor do mundo, tendo uma importante contribui??o nas necessidades di?rias de nutrientes dos seres humanos. As globulinas 7S (vicilinas) s?o prote?nas de reserva encontradas em sementes de leguminosas, e podem apresentar uma fun??o adicional de defesa constitutiva do embri?o contra pragas e pat?genos. Neste trabalho uma vicilina de Anadenanthera macrocarpa - AmV (Angico-vermelho), foi purificada e parcialmente caracterizada. Seu efeito sobre o desenvolvimento, sobreviv?ncia larval e emerg?ncia dos adultos de Callosobruchus maculatus foram avaliados pela determina??o das LD50, WD50 e ED50 em sistema de bioensaio. A purifica??o da vicilina foi iniciada por cromatografia de afinidade ? quitina e posteriormente em cromatografia de gel filtra??o Superdex 75 Tricorn 10x300 mm no sistema de FPLC, seguida por cromatografia de fase reversa C8 phenomenex em sistema HPLC. Por SDS-PAGE, AmV dissociou-se em quatro subunidades principais com aproximadamente 73, 70, 43 e 41 kDa, e quando submetida ? eletroforese a 12% em condi??es nativas apresentou uma banda ?nica de caracter?stica eletrofor?tica ?cida. Nos bioensaios, a WD50 e a LD50 para as larvas foram de 0,32% e 0,33% (p:p) respectivamente, j? para os adultos a ED50 foi de 0,096%. O prov?vel mecanismo de a??o foi avaliado por ensaios de digestibilidade da AmV in vitro, sendo observado o envolvimento de dois fragmentos de vicilinas imunorreativos contra anticorpo policlonal Anti-vicilinas de Erythrina velutina (Anti- EvV), de aproximadamente 22 e 13 kDa ligantes ? quitina. A AmV na sua forma nativa foi reconhecida pelo anticorpo anti-EvV, indicando que existe uma provavel regi?o conservada nas vicilinas, que pode corresponder ? dom?nios de liga??o ? quitina. Estes resultados apontam para uma nova vicilina que pode vir a ser utilizada como um poss?vel bioinseticida de origem proteica, de maneira a controlar o inseto praga C. maculatus, bem como corroborar com achados da literatura que demonstram em vicilinas de diferentes esp?cies a exist?ncia de regi?es conservadas ligantes ? quitina ainda n?o caracterizados

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-28T15:50:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nivea Maria da Silva Gusmao.pdf: 595496 bytes, checksum: 545bce88a2420d3d15abedededfabe8f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-28T15:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nivea Maria da Silva Gusmao.pdf: 595496 bytes, checksum: 545bce88a2420d3d15abedededfabe8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Among the pests that attack stored beans Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. stands out the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775), responsible for qualitative and quantitative losses. The use of synthetic fumigants and protectors are widely used on its control, however alternative products such as powders and essential oils of plant origin, have been extensively investigated in recent years, with promising results. Thus, this study aimed to: (a) perform the chromatographic analysis and mass spectrometry in Eucalyptus. citriodora Hook., Eucalyptus. staigeriana F., essential oils; (b) evaluate the toxicity by contact and fumigation; (c) test the repellent effect. The major component of E. staigeriana essential oil was limonene (28.73%) and geranial (15.20%), and for E. citriodora essential oil was Citronelal (89.59%) and Citronelil acetate (3.34). The LC50s of F. vulgare, E. citriodora, E. staigeriana and C. winterianus oils in contact tests were estimated in 4.19, 7.09, 7.44, 7.93μL/20g of bean, respectively. According to regression analysis, the higher the mortality rate, lower was the number of eggs laid and emerged insects. In fumigation tests for adults, the LC50s ranged from 2.58 to 7.85 μL/L of air and the toxicity reasons from 1.25 to 3.04. In all concentrations tested, E. citriodora and C. winterianus oils were repellent to C. maculatus adults. F. vulgare was classified as neutral, while E. staigeriana was neutral at low concentrations and repellent only at the highest concentration 12μL/20g of cowpea. The percentages of reduction of posture caused by the oils esssenciais ranged from 3.26 to 100% and adult emergence from 0.46 to 100%, especially C. winterianus that the highest concentration (15μl/20g), reduced by 100% these parameter. / Dentre as pragas que atacam o feijão Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. armazenado destaca-se o caruncho Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775), responsável por perdas qualitativas e quantitativas. Os inseticidas sintéticos fumigantes e protetores são muito utilizados no seu controle, porém produtos alternativos como pós e óleos essenciais de origem vegetal, têm sido bastante pesquisados nos últimos anos, com resultados promissores. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: (a) efetuar a análise cromatográfica e de espectrometria de massas nos óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora Hook e Eucalyptus. staigeriana F.; (b) avaliar a toxicidade por contato e fumigação; (c) testar o efeito repelente. Os compostos majoritários do óleo de E. staigeriana foram o Limoneno (28,73%) e Geranial (15,20%), e para E. citriodora foi Citronelal (89,59%) e Citronelil acetate (3,34%). As CL50s dos óleos de F. vulgare, E. citriodora, E. staigeriana e C. winterianus, nos testes de contato, foram estimadas em 4,19; 7,09; 7,44; 7,93μL/20g de feijão, respectivamente. De acordo com as análises de regressão, quanto maior a mortalidade, menor foi o número de ovos depositados e de insetos emergidos. Nos testes de fumigação para adultos, as CL50s variaram entre 2,58 a 7,85 μL/L de ar e as razões de toxicidade de 1,25 a 3,04. Em todas as concentrações testadas, os óleos de E. citriodora e de C. winterianus foram repelentes para adultos de C. maculatus. F. vulgare foi classificado como neutro, enquanto E. staigeriana foi neutro nas concentrações menores e repelente apenas na maior concentração de 12μL/20g de feijão. As percentagens de redução da postura provocadas pelos óleos esssenciais, variaram de 3,26 a 100% e da emergência de adultos de 0,46 a 100%, destacando-se C. winterianus, que na maior concentração (15μl/20g), reduziu em 100% estes parâmetros.

Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Erratic rainfall and insect infestation are some of the factors that limit cowpea production in Limpopo (Asiwe, 2009). Improved cowpea varieties available for dryland production in Limpopo do not meet the farmer’s needs. Specific trait crosses are needed to be made with adapted varieties for the purpose of developing high yielding, pest tolerant and adapted varieties. Varieties with desired specific traits were planted in isolation plots for outcrossing by insects. F1 lines derived from parental lines that were half sib seeds were harvested and planted as F2, and seeds obtained from F2 generation were used to develop F3 segregating population at University of Limpopo Experiential Farm, Syferkuil, and planted along with parents. This F3 generation forms the current evaluation on which this report is based. Data collected included; aphid severity (measured on a 9-point scale), number of days to 90 % maturity, grain yield, 100 seed weight and number of genotypes selected for advancement. Results showed significant variation among progeny over parents therefore expressing transgressive segregation. Genotypes derived from pedigree TX08-30-5 were five while pedigree IT98K-205-8 and IT97K-499-35 had four genotypes each that expressed early maturity (80-90 days) which are desirable for evading drought. Twenty-three genotypes from pedigree GEC and three from pedigree IT97K-499-35 obtained grain yield (>101 g/plot and >161 g/plot) that was better than their parents. Only one genotype derived from pedigree TX08-30-1 expressed high resistance to aphids better than the parent with a mean aphid score range of 1-2. Four genotypes from pedigree TX08-30-5 obtained bigger 100 seed weight (>18.6 g) compared to parent. These progeny also proved to be high yielders as they expressed heterosis for all yield attributes than their parents. Eighty-two genotypes were selected for advancement. Significant variations were observed among progeny giving opportunity to make selections. In most cases, genotypes outperformed their parents which indicate positive heterosis. The 82 promising genotypes selected will be advanced for further selections from multi location testing for stability and adaptation.