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Criminal liability of legal persons: a comparative study between Spain and Peru / La responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas: un estudio comparado entre España y el PerúFernández Díaz, Carmen Rocío, Chanjan Documet, Rafael Hernando 10 April 2018 (has links)
This paper studies the criminal liability of legal persons, which has suffered a deep reform with the organic law 1/2015, after being introduced in Spain in 2010. This reform has brought important modifications and news, as the creation of an exemption of liability through the adoption of compliance programs, which supposes a change in the so called model of transfer of liability, that existed before. Parallel to this transformation in the Spanish criminal code, in Peru recently the law 30424 has come into forth, which contents a corporate liability model, very similar to the one foreseen in Spain. Both models of liability and the possibility of its exemption raise doubts about if they really tried to penalize legal persons or not. / El presente trabajo estudia la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en España, la cual, después de haberse introducido en el año 2010, ha sufrido una reforma de hondo calado con la ley orgánica 1/2015. Esta ha conllevado importantes modificaciones y novedades, como la creación de una eximente de responsabilidad mediante la adopción de programas de cumplimiento, que ha supuesto un cambio en el antes existente modelo de transferencia de responsabilidad. Paralelamente a esta transformación que ha tenido lugar en el Código Penal español, en el Perú recientemente se ha aprobado la ley 30424, que crea un modelo de responsabilidad para las personas jurídicas muy similar al previsto en España. Ambos modelos de responsabilidad y la posibilidad de su exención plantean la duda de si realmente se pretende responsabilizar penalmente a las personas jurídicas o no.
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The development of joint criminal enterprise and command responsibility by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former YugoslaviaIvanovic, Lidija 29 May 2014 (has links)
LL.M. (International Law) / Please refer to full text to view abstract.
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Les réponses pénales aux atteintes à l'environnement / Criminal responses to environmental attacksBlanc, Marjorie 12 December 2014 (has links)
Depuis toujours, l’homme agit sur le milieu naturel pour développer son cadre de vie. Ce comportement peut avoir des effets néfastes sur l’environnement, de sorte que l’idée de le protéger a progressivement émergé dans la conscience collective. Le législateur français a ainsi développé un important arsenal législatif parmi lequel figurent des dispositions d’ordre pénal ayant vocation à sanctionner les auteurs d’atteintes à l’environnement. Mais le dispositif pénal, bien que nécessaire, ne doit pas être l’unique réponse aux atteintes à l’environnement. Il doit s’articuler avec d’autres mécanismes, tels que la responsabilité civile, et ce afin de permettre notamment la réparation du préjudice écologique. Le droit pénal de l’environnement tel qu’il est aujourd’hui mis en œuvre n’est pas satisfaisant. Il souffre d’imperfections qui affectent son efficacité. Les présents travaux tentent de remédier à cette situation. / Traditionally, the human being has acted on nature to develop its living environment. This behaviour can have bad effects on the environment, so that the idea of protecting it gradually came into the collective consciousness. The French legislature thus developed an important arsenal of laws among which we can find penal provisions made to sanction those who damage environment. But the penal system, while necessary, should not be the only answer to the environment attacks. It must be linked with other mechanisms, such as civil liability, and that in order to allow, among others, the repair of the ecological damage. Criminal law for the environment as it is implemented today is not satisfactory. It suffers from flaws that affect its efficiency. The present works try to find a remedy for this situation.
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Editorial: Trend towards a new Punitivity? - Corporate criminal liability in focusDeStefano, Michele, Schneider, Hendrik 02 December 2019 (has links)
This issue focuses on the sanctioning of corporate crime. The reason and background for
this is a planned change in the law in Germany, which could have an impact on companies
worldwide, if they engage in commercial activities in Germany.
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Does Germany need a new corporate sanctioning act?Jungermann, Sebastian 02 December 2019 (has links)
In summer 2019 the German Federal Ministry of Justice has unveiled a draft Corporate
Sanctioning Act (Verbandssanktionengesetz) to combat corporate crime. In this article, the
author comments on the intended changes and highlights some issues that could be better
solved differently in practice.
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Discipline and punishSchneider, Henrik 02 December 2019 (has links)
In August 2019, the Federal Ministry of Justice submitted a draft for a corporate crime
act. This draft will end a decade-long debate on the criminal liability of legal persons and
profoundly change the criminal prosecution in the area of economic criminal law. The article
classifies the legislative project in the current discourse on criminal policy, reports on
the content of the draft and gives a critical commentary on individual points.
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Draft bill on German corporate sanctions actGrützner, Thomas, Momsen, Carsten, Menne, Jonas 02 December 2019 (has links)
After long discussions about the introduction of corporate criminal liability, the German
Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection presented a first draft bill for a new
Corporate Sanctions Act in August 2019. The act introduces a major shift in German
Criminal law by proposing severe sanctions on companies for corporate criminal offenses. It
includes regulations on internal investigations, compliance management systems and legal
privilege. Since it was published, the act is discussed intensely among legal experts, politicians
and the public. The following article presents the most important provisions of the
draft bill. In addition, the authors compare the act to further jurisdiction’s legislation,
discuss potential impacts on companies, and provide proposals for improvements for the
further legislative process
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Corporate criminal liability in SwedenNäs, Elvira, Nyman, Michael 02 December 2019 (has links)
Swedish criminal law does not allow for corporate criminal liability as it is built on the
basic principle of personal criminal liability, meaning that only private individuals are
considered able to possess criminal liability and consequently commit crimes. However, a
corporation may be subject to corporate fines and other sanctions if a crime has been committed
during the corporation’s operations. Corporate fines are the closest equivalent to
corporate criminal liability under Swedish law, which sole purposes is punitive although it
has been deemed impossible to categorize corporate fines as a punishment in the strictest
sense. This article will further explain the design of corporate fines today, the problems
resulting from corporations not being able to possess criminal liability as well as the proposed
changes to corporate fines from a critical perspective.
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Criminal liability of legal entities under Belgian law: A high-level overviewDe Smet, Karel, Janssens, Elke 02 December 2019 (has links)
The principle that legal entities can be held criminally liable was first introduced into
Belgian law in 1999. Some 20 years later, Belgian Parliament reviewed the rules, and
adopted a number of significant changes. The present article offers a high-level overview of
the currently applicable legal regime.
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Money laundering through consulting firmsTeichmann, Fabian M., Camprubi, Madeleine 02 December 2019 (has links)
The aim of this article is to illustrate potential conduits for money laundering in the consulting
sector in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland. A qualitative content
analysis of 100 semi-standardized expert interviews with both criminals and prevention
experts was conducted, along with a quantitative survey of 200 compliance officers, allowing
for the identification of concrete methods of money laundering in the consulting sector. Due
to their excellent reputation, consulting companies in German-speaking countries in Europe
continue to be extraordinarily attractive to money launderers. Most notably, they can be
used for layering and integration, as well as for working around various issues with tax
codes. As the qualitative findings are based on semi-standardized interviews, they are limited
to only the 100 interviewees’ perspectives. The identification of loopholes and weaknesses
in the current anti-money laundering mechanisms is meant to provide compliance officers,
law enforcement agencies, and legislators with valuable insights into how criminals operate,
with the aim of helping them to more effectively combat money laundering. While the
previous literature focuses on organizations fighting money laundering and on the improvement
of anti-money laundering measures, this article illustrates how money launderers
operate to avoid arrest. Prevention methods and criminal perspectives are equally taken
into account.
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