This thesis deals with immunities of state officials, from the high-ranking to less significant ones, from the criminal jurisdiction of a foreign state, and thus the question, if another state may exercise its jurisdiction over crimes perpetrated by state officials when the foreign state has power to punish such a crime. International law traditionally provides the highest protection to the head of state, but later evolved also the personal immunity of other senior officials, who act on the international level, that is head of government and minister for foreign affairs. In contrast to personal immunity, functional immunity protects all state officials, who perform an official act. The first chapter addresses the terms. It describes the terms immunity, its types and basic characteristics; the notion of state officials and foreign criminal jurisdiction. The second chapter engages in personal immunity (immunity ratione personae), its subjective, objective and temporal scope. The third chapter sheds light on the second type of immunity - the functional immunity (ratione materiae), apart from its scopes there are exceptions to functional immunity discussed. The fourth chapter provides with an overview of some significant cases connected to immunities of state officials. In the first subchapter you can...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-09-26T10:04:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Vieira de Souza.pdf: 1123440 bytes, checksum: e5ceefcb485691ee0e19257f666d7604 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T10:04:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Vieira de Souza.pdf: 1123440 bytes, checksum: e5ceefcb485691ee0e19257f666d7604 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-24 / This work is based on the concern about the practice of illicit at the transnational level facilitated by the incessant and always renewed improvement of communication through the world wide web. If on the one hand, the internet, an indisputable product of this network, has favored the connection between people from different parts of the world, on the other hand, has brought cyber-crime to the forefront, which at the same time challenges the establishment of a criminal guardianship for cyberspace in impunity. This is due to the phenomenon of globalization, which has shortened distances in the face of technological and social advances, and the consequences of criminal law. The present research sought to justify how it is possible before the classical concepts of sovereignty that a state effectively combats transnational cyber crime. For that, points were developed as to how the classic concept of sovereignty is found; the characteristics of cyberspace; and the concepts of jurisdiction and criminal jurisdiction. Thus, a dogmatic criminal and procedural criminal analysis will be carried out if it is possible to establish a transnational criminal jurisdiction as a way of regulating cyberspace / Este trabalho parte da preocupação com a prática de ilícitos em nível transnacional facilitada pelo aprimoramento incessante e sempre renovado da comunicação através da rede mundial de computadores. Se de um lado, a internet, produto indiscutível dessa rede, favoreceu a conexão entre as pessoas de diversas partes do mundo, de outro, trouxe à baila a criminalidade cibernética, que contemporaneamente desafia o estabelecimento de uma tutela penal para o ciberespaço no que tange a impunidade. Isso decorre do fenômeno da globalização, a qual encurtou distâncias em face dos avanços tecnológicos e sociais, e as consequências causadas ao direito penal. A presente pesquisa buscou fundamentar como é possível ante os conceitos clássicos de soberania, que um Estado combata a criminalidade cibernética transnacional de maneira efetiva. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos pontos de como encontra-se o conceito clássico de soberania; as características do ciberespaço; e os conceitos de jurisdição e competência penal. Torna-se assim efetuar uma análise dogmática penal e processual penal se é possível se instituir uma jurisdição penal transnacional como forma de regular o ciberespaço

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.

Thesis (doctoral)--Utrecht University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-268).

abstract: In Indian Country, the investigation and prosecution of sexual assault crimes have been described as arduous task. More so, determining whether the federal, state, or tribal government has criminal jurisdiction is perplexing. The various U.S. Supreme Court decisions and Federal Indian policies that influence tribal sovereignty restrict tribal government's authority over violent crimes that occur on tribal lands. In my thesis, I discuss U.S. Supreme Court decisions and federal Indian policies create a framework for colonial management and federal paternalism in Indian Country, which restrict tribal sovereignty and sentencing authority in criminal cases that occur on tribal lands and against their citizens. I introduce the Indigenous Woman's Justice Paradigm as a conceptual framework for Indian nations to develop an alternate system for responding to sexual assault crimes on tribal lands. The purpose of my research is to promote the cultural renewal of Indigenous justice practices to develop sexual assault jurisprudence or reform tribal rape law that are victim-centered and community controlled. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis American Indian Studies 2015

This thesis attempts to address perennial concerns, mostly raised in some quarters in Africa, pertaining to the development of the complementarity regime established by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It grapples with a very important question, whether the principle of complementarity, embodied in article 17 of the Rome Statute, was formulated and is being applied by the ICC in a manner that upholds the ideals and theories upon which the regime was founded. The principle of complementarity is designed to mediate the imperatives of State sovereignty and a legitimate international criminal justice system. Essentially, complementarity gives States latitude to try genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and aggression nationally, with the ICC only intervening where States are either unable or unwilling to prosecute genuinely. Africa constitutes the biggest regional block of membership to the Rome Statute, however, over the years; support for the ICC on the African continent has waned. It has been argued in some quarters that the ICC is anti-African and that it has interpreted and applied complementarity in a manner that diminishes State sovereignty. The thesis argues that this tension may also be due to textual deficiencies inherent within the Rome Statute, in the provisions that embody this principle. It therefore examines complementarity from a theoretical perspective to provide a comprehensive account of the system contemplated by the drafters of the Rome Statute. In this regard, the thesis argues for expansion of States’ ability at the national level to deal with international crimes without compromising international criminal justice processes or threatening State sovereignty. This is suggested as a way of relieving the tension that has characterised the relationship between African States and the ICC. The thesis further sketches out some of the complexities inherent in the modalities through which the Court may exercise its complementary jurisdiction, particularly within the African continent, given that legal systems in most African countries are particularly weak. It thus dissects the provisions that outline the principle of complementarity in tandem with the Court’s interpretation and application of complementarity in practice. Furthermore, through an exploratory survey of the referral of the Situation in Uganda, and the ICC Prosecutor’s proprio motu investigation of the Situation in Kenya, the thesis illustrates how a positive approach to complementarity can help establish a healthy cooperative synergy between the ICC and States, thereby promoting a functional expeditious criminal justice system. This will go a long way towards assuaging State’s fears that the ICC merely pays lip service to complementarity and arbitrarily supersedes national jurisdiction.

Pas de résumé / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Thèse de l'auteur (Ph. D.)--University of Groningen, 2003. / Comprend un résumé en allemand et en espagnol. Bibliogr.: p. 277-286.

La justice pénale constitue, à partir du règne de Saint Louis, une part importante de l’activité de la Cour du roi. En effet, tandis que se développe, notamment grâce à son intervention, un véritable « État de droit » dès le milieu du XIIIe siècle, le nombre d’affaires pénales portées devant elle ne cesse de s’accroître, et leur résolution constitue bientôt un domaine où s’élabore une politique judiciaire spécifique dont il y a lieu de déterminer les objectifs, les moyens et les résultats. Les décisions prises par ce qui devient le « Parlement » tendent à s’inscrire dans le prolongement des idées du temps sur le devoir incombant à la royauté de punir les infractions et de maintenir la paix, tout en révélant une confrontation régulière des juges aux difficultés inhérentes au caractère composite de l’organisation judiciaire et à l’enchevêtrement des coutumes, privilèges et autres droits propres. L’application d’une justice conforme aux idéaux de la royauté passe de manière nécessaire et préalable par la fixation d’un cadre judiciaire et juridique respectueux des droits acquis, mais également porteur d’obligations pour les juges pénaux du royaume. La cour souveraine les contraint ainsi au respect d’un certain nombre de principes, hérités pour partie de ceux qu’elle-même définit comme les fondements du procès pénal dans le cadre de son propre « style » naissant. La manière de résoudre le trouble provoqué par l’acte délictueux devient donc essentielle : après en avoir défini les éléments nécessaires à l’imputation d’une faute punissable, la cour applique et fait appliquer des peines toujours minutieusement « arbitrées » selon l’importance du dommage et l’intention coupable manifestée. La poursuite des crimes, le règlement de juges, la résolution des litiges entre juges et justiciables, sont autant de lieux privilégiés de la défense de la « chose publique », la cour s’assurant par là que les « crimes ne demeureront pas impunis », même si la part de la miséricorde demeure toujours réservée : ils seront traités par voie de droit, c’est-à-dire selon un droit pénal royal conforme à « ce que recommande la justice / As early as the reign of St. Louis, criminal justice represents a major part of the work of the Court of the King. Indeed, from the middle of the thirteenth century, while a true “State of law” is being developed, especially through its daily activities, the number of criminal cases risen before it increases steadily. Their settlement becomes soon an area where a specific judicial policy is adopted, of which it is necessary to determine the objectives, the means and the outcome. The judicial decisions taken by what is becoming the “Parliament”, tend to fall in line with the ideas of that time about the duties of the monarchy concerning the punishment of offenses and the maintaining of peace, while revealing that the judges are confronted on a regular basis to the difficulties posed by the composite character of the judiciary, and the entanglement of customs, privileges and personal laws. Applying justice consistently with the ideals of the monarchy makes it a necessity and a prerequisit to set a judicial and legal framework, respectful for acquired rights, but also binding for criminal judges of the kingdom. The sovereign court forces them to respect a number of principles, partly inherited from those it itself defines, in its own developing procedure, as the fundamentals of the criminal trial. The way to solve the disorder caused by the criminal act becomes essential: after defining the elements necessary for the attribution of a punishable offense, the court applies and enforces penalties that are always meticulously “arbitrated” accordingly to the damage and to the guilt. Thus, the prosecution of crimes, the settlement between judges in criminal matters, or between the judges and private persons are all privileged areas for the defense of “public good”: through those, the court makes sure that “crimes do not go unpunished”, even if room is always left for mercy, and will be dealt with through law, that is through a royal criminal law in accordance with “what justice recommends”.

La reconnaissance du droit de participation et du droit à réparation des victimes est l’évolution la plus remarquable des dernières décennies dans le domaine des droits nationaux et dans le cadre de la justice pénale internationale. Les Juridictions Pénales Internationales construisent le statut des victimes. Confrontés à des concepts innovants, les juges doivent créer des précédents et organiser les modalités des droits des victimes. Ils doivent allier la coordination de la représentation légale de milliers de victimes avec les impératifs de la justice. Au vu des premières décisions, la place des victimes est acquise puisque les juges ont accepté leur participation. Cependant, leur interprétation des règles apporte de sérieuses restrictions aux droits des victimes dans la pratique. La participation des victimes n’est pas pleinement effective et leur réparation se révèle exceptionnelle. Ainsi, l’intérêt de l’étude de la jurisprudence réside dans la détermination du statut réel des victimes au sein des procès internationaux et l’importance des droits appliqués. Des évolutions positives sont possibles en faveur de la reconnaissance du statut de parties au procès et de l’effectivité des droits des victimes. / The recognition of the right to participate and the right to reparation to the victimes is the most remarkable evolution of these last decades in the national laws and in the International Criminal Justice. The International Criminal Jurisdictions built the victims’ status. Confronted to innovative concepts, the judges have to create precedents and organise the modalities of the victim’s rights. They have to combine the coordination of the legal representation of thousands of victims with the necessity of justice. In view of the first decisions, the place of the victimes is established since the judges grant them the right to participate. However, their interpretation of the rules brings serious limitations to the rights of the victims in the practice. The victims’ participation is not fully applied and their reparation turns out to be exceptionnal. So, the interest of the jurisprudence study resides in the determination of the real status of the victims in the international trial and the importance of the granted rights. Positive evolutions can be made in favor of the recognition of the status of parties in the trial and the effectiveness of the rigths of the victims.