Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2003. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-53).

Thesis (M.A. in human development)--Washington State University, August 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 30, 2010). "Department of Human Development." Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-65).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 346-364) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 18, 2010). "Department of History." Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-280).

Thesis (M.T.S.)--Catholic Theological Union, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-130).

Cette thèse porte sur l’interculturalité et la traductologie, elle concerne des éléments linguistiques et culturels classiques dans une traduction du chinois en une langue indo-européenne occidentale, principalement le français. Comment traduire les éléments ayant une charge culturelle qui manquent d’équivalents dans la langue cible ? Transcription en pinyin ? Romanisation avec une explication ? L’adaptation aux lecteurs de la langue cible ou à ceux de la langue source ? Traduction libre ou fidèle ? Donc, je propose une synthèse de théories et méthodes qui nous aideront à bien traduire une oeuvre encyclopédique. On a choisi dans ce texte, la version française du Rêve dans le Pavillon rouge comme exemple, ce roman étant considéré comme une encyclopédie de la culture classique traditionnelle chinoise. On a analysé, sous l’angle de la théorie, " la traduction épaisse ", la méthodologie que les traducteurs avaient utilisée pour traduire les éléments culturels. Enfin, à l’aide de la théorie des " realia " et du " paratexte ", on a conclu sur trois catégories principales des éléments culturels avec plusieurs subdivisions et on a synthétisé deux méthodes essentielles de la traduction et les stratégies concrètes de la théorie " la traduction épaisse ", afin que cette nouvelle théorie soit prise pour référence quand on se lancera dans la traduction d’autres oeuvres littéraires en rapport avec la culture classique d’Orient. / This thesis is about the cross-cultural studies and transtology, it concerns linguistic and cultural elements in a translation from Chinese into a western indo-european language, mainly French. How to translate the Chinese elements with the cultural meaning that serve as lacuna in the target language? Transcription in pinyin? Romanisation with explanation ? Adaptation aimed to the readers of the target language or to the readers of the source language ? Free translation or faithful translation ? Several theories and methods which can help us to translate an encyclopedic are concluded in this thesis.A Dream of Red Mansions has always been regarded as the Encyclopedia of Chinese traditional culture. A Dream of Red Mansions in French is the center of the current study, which is grounded on the Thick Translation Theory, trying to explore the cultural phenomena showed in its French version. Based on all these, this article analyses how Li Tche-Houa and Jacqueline Alézaïs showed to French readers the classic Chinese culture in their translation of A Dream of Red Mansions. At last, in terms of the “Realia theory" and “Paratexte theory", the author classified the cultural phenomena into three categories, and each one has several subdivisions. Besides, two essentiel categories of the “Thick Translation theory" are concluded and specific methods to every part are proposed. This would make the “Thick Translation Theory" more easily to be applied by the translators of old scriptures for the spread of the Chinese classics.

Multinational business is in a constant search for opportunities. The present globalizationprocesses that the world is immersed in, supported by technological, social, economic and culturaladvances, is allowing markets to interact in new ways. In that manner, markets with lower previousrelevance for European companies are emerging as promising markets for the upcoming years,as it is the case for Africa. Even though trading and business connections between Europe andAfrica has existed centuries ago, the economical predictions for European business in Africaappear more promising than ever. This new set of business opportunities towards the African markets, come together with a newset of challenges. Africa’s characteristic heterogeneity presents an issue for the replication of thesame techniques of leadership, communication and way of structure used in Europe, or morespecific, in Sweden. This research study places its focus on Swedish companies with employeeson international assignments between Sweden and different African markets. In order to help tounderstand how to improve the performance of the expatriates, the researchers analyzed whatvariables affect cross-cultural adjustment. As a starting point served the Framework ofInternational Adjustment by Black, Mendehall and Oddou (1991). The findings show that the model of International Adjustment of Black, et al., (1991) is still mostlyvalid. Nonetheless, through the data analysis, researchers identified several issues discordantwith the previous mentioned model. Therefore, an updated framework was developed,aggregating the identified differences and improvements to the original framework. In the sameway, researchers formulate a set of recommendations for the companies aiming to improve thecross-cultural adjustment of their expatriates.

The purpose of this study was to examine the training and development of teachers in multi-grade teaching in selected Eastern Cape primary schools with a particular focus on the integration of vertical and horizontal knowledge in post-training. Multigrade teaching is the combining of learners of different grade levels in one classroom taught by one teacher. To gain better understanding of the construct of vertical and horizontal integration of knowledge within post-training environment, this qualitative case study design sampled eight teachers, four school principals and three trainers, purposively. In order to evaluate the training and development provided for teachers in multi-grade classrooms the researcher examined the training programmes, the training curriculum and transfer of training inputs. The results of the study indicate that post-training is the determinant of the extent of the effectiveness of the transfer of training skills, knowledge and attitudes gained in multi-grade teaching training. The study found a massive gap that currently exists between training in multi-grade teaching and the actual transferability of such training in multi-grade contexts. Positive transfer of training in multi-grade teaching strategies was found to be skills related to teaching strategies, lesson management, curriculum integration and social components of multi-grade teaching. Negative transfer of training included classroom organisation, lesson planning, timetabling, curriculum adaptation and assessment. Although multi-grade teacher training programme is assumed to change behaviours, attitudes, impart knowledge and improve teaching skills, the results of the study indicate that training inputs might not necessarily transform into classroom practice. In order to facilitate and ensure vertical and horizontal integration of knowledge and skills and transfer of training to classroombased teaching, recurrent training in multi-grade teaching is therefore, suggested.

The results of a first cross-cultural study on adult crying in 30 countries including Peru are presented. Vingerhoets et al. (1997) from the University of Tilburg have analyzed motives, tendencies and frequency of crying, emotions and feelings that provoke crying, as well as differences and similarities among countries and sexes. Results show that women have a tendency to cry more frequently and intensively than men. It has also been noted that, in certain countries, there is a link between crying in women and their monthly period. / Se presentan los resultados de un primer estudio transcultural del llanto del adulto que comprende 30 países, entre los que se encuentra el Perú. Vingerhoets et al. (1997) de la Universidad de Tilburg, Holanda, analizan las causas, tendencia y frecuencia del llanto, emociones y sentimientos que inducen al llanto, diferencias y similitudes entre los países y los sexos. Los autores encuentran que las mujeres tienden a llorar con más frecuencia e intensidad que los varones, advirtiendo que en algunos países las mujeres establecen mayor relación entre la tendencia al llanto y el ciclo menstrual que en otros.