El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / One of the most important problems affecting companies that assemble and market vehicles is stock depletion of finished products. Therefore, many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have attempted to manage this situation by using tools such as the Q mode, which continuously reviews inventories but does not indicate when and in what quantity a company must supply its sales outlets but requires a more complex level of supplier development and supply chain management efficiency than SMEs can achieve. Likewise, with our proposal we achieved a 50% decrease in stock depletion, based on an analysis of model results, with a confidence level of 95% and a certainty level of 75.30%, projecting a profit of 59000 soles with a return cost of 1.41 and a recovery period of 2 years and 4 months, ensuring both the sustainability and profitability of the proposal.

O RDW é um índice hematológico utilizado para avaliação quantitativa da anisocitose eritrocitária, sendo útil na diferenciação das causas de quadros anêmicos. Atualmente, na medicina humana, o RDW tem sido considerado como um importante fator prognóstico em quadros de ICC, mesmo na ausência de anemia. A CRP é considerada a principal proteína de fase aguda sendo amplamente utilizada como marcadora de inflamação. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se há diferença nos valores do RDW e da concentração da CRP em cães com DVDCM com e sem ICC, bem como nos diferentes estágios (A, B1, B2, C e D) da doença, segundo a classificação da ACVIM, comparados a cães de raças predispostas, mas sem a doença cardíaca, e associações entre as variáveis. Esta pesquisa constituiu um estudo clínico observacional prospectivo transversal de caráter exploratório, realizada em cães com DVDCM. Para tal, foram selecionados 141 cães, de até 20kg, machos e fêmeas. O grupo com ICC e sem ICC apresentaram menor número de hemácias, hemoglobina e hematócrito em relação ao grupo controle (P<0,001). O índice RDW não diferiu entre os grupos estudados quando foram alocados quanto ao estadiamento ACVIM (P= 0,25), quanto à presença de ICC (P= 0,146), ou de remodelamento cardíaco (P=0,078). Quanto à CRP, os grupos C e D (C: 2.251 ng/dL, 962,05-5.292,5 ng/dL e D: 3.628,4 ng/dL, 4.1592,3-6.254,5 ng/dL) apresentaram concentração maior que o grupo controle (1.685,5 ng/dL, 1.045,45-3.795,5 ng/dL). Quanto ao estadiamento da DVDCM os grupos diferiram entre si (P=0,014) porém, não foi possível identificar quais grupos apresentaram diferença. O grupo com ICC (2.939,7-1.304,25-5.908,8 ng/dL) apresentou maior concentração de CRP em relação ao grupo controle (1.685 ng/dL, 1.1015,45-3.795,5 ng/dL) (P=0,03). O grupo com remodelamento (4.916,66±6.102,14) apresentou maior concentração de CRP em relação ao grupo sem remodelamento (2.510,67±3,26) (P=0,009). Houve correlação positiva fraca entre CRP e número total de leucócitos (r=0,197; P=0,019). Conclui-se que apesar de não ter sido detectada diferença significativa para o RDW houve tendência a valores maiores nos cães com remodelamento comparados aos sem remodelamento. A concentração de CRP foi maior nos cães com remodelamento cardíaco em relação àqueles sem remodelamento e nos cães com ICC em relação aos cães sem ICC e àqueles de raças predispostas, mas sem alterações cardíacas. A dosagem sérica de CRP juntamente com outros marcadores e exames complementares já utilizados rotineiramente, poderá ser útil na avaliação e acompanhamento de pacientes portadores de DVDCM / RDW is a hematological index used for anisocytosis quantitative assesment, and useful to diferenciate anemic states. In human medicine, it has been considered an important prognostic factor in heart failure (HF), even in the absence of anemia. CRP is considered the main acute phase protein, and it is widely used as a marker of inflammation. An exploratory prospective cross sectional study was conducted aiming to determine whether there is a difference in RDW and CRP concentration in dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD) with and without HF, presence of remodeling, as well as between the different disease stages (A, B1, B2, C e D - ACVIM), compared to dogs of predisposed breeds, but without heart disease. For this study, 141 dogs, up to 20kg, males and females were distributed in groups in order to achieve the main golas. Dogs with and without HF presented smaller number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to control group (P<0.001). RDW was not diferente between groups for CDMVD stages (P= 0.25), regarding HF presence (P= 0.146), or cardiac remodeling (P=0.078). Groups C and D (C: 2,251 ng/dL, 962.05-5,292.5 ng/dL e D: 3,628.4 ng/dL, 4,1592.3-6,254.5 ng/dL) presented higher CRP concentration compared to control (1,685.5 ng/dL, 1,045.45-3,795.5 ng/dL). There was a difference in CRP concentration between groups, however, it was not possible to identify the differing groups (P=0.014). CRP concentration was higher in HF group (2,939.7-1,304.25-5,908.8 ng/dL) compared to control (1,685 ng/dL, 1,1015.45-3,795.5 ng/dL) (P=0.03). CRP concentration was higher in cardiac remodeling group (4,916.66±6,102.14) in relation to the group without remodeling (2,510.67±3.26) (P=0.009). There was a weak positive correlation between CRP and total leucocyte count (r=0.197; P=0.019). We conclude that although we could not identify a significative difference for RDW, there was a tendency to increased values in dogs with cardiac remodeling. CRP concentration was higher in cardiac remodeling group and in HF group compared to control. CRP serum together with other markers and auxiliary exames already routinely used may provide useful information for assessment and follow up of dogs with CDMVD

O RDW é um índice hematológico utilizado para avaliação quantitativa da anisocitose eritrocitária, sendo útil na diferenciação das causas de quadros anêmicos. Atualmente, na medicina humana, o RDW tem sido considerado como um importante fator prognóstico em quadros de ICC, mesmo na ausência de anemia. A CRP é considerada a principal proteína de fase aguda sendo amplamente utilizada como marcadora de inflamação. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se há diferença nos valores do RDW e da concentração da CRP em cães com DVDCM com e sem ICC, bem como nos diferentes estágios (A, B1, B2, C e D) da doença, segundo a classificação da ACVIM, comparados a cães de raças predispostas, mas sem a doença cardíaca, e associações entre as variáveis. Esta pesquisa constituiu um estudo clínico observacional prospectivo transversal de caráter exploratório, realizada em cães com DVDCM. Para tal, foram selecionados 141 cães, de até 20kg, machos e fêmeas. O grupo com ICC e sem ICC apresentaram menor número de hemácias, hemoglobina e hematócrito em relação ao grupo controle (P<0,001). O índice RDW não diferiu entre os grupos estudados quando foram alocados quanto ao estadiamento ACVIM (P= 0,25), quanto à presença de ICC (P= 0,146), ou de remodelamento cardíaco (P=0,078). Quanto à CRP, os grupos C e D (C: 2.251 ng/dL, 962,05-5.292,5 ng/dL e D: 3.628,4 ng/dL, 4.1592,3-6.254,5 ng/dL) apresentaram concentração maior que o grupo controle (1.685,5 ng/dL, 1.045,45-3.795,5 ng/dL). Quanto ao estadiamento da DVDCM os grupos diferiram entre si (P=0,014) porém, não foi possível identificar quais grupos apresentaram diferença. O grupo com ICC (2.939,7-1.304,25-5.908,8 ng/dL) apresentou maior concentração de CRP em relação ao grupo controle (1.685 ng/dL, 1.1015,45-3.795,5 ng/dL) (P=0,03). O grupo com remodelamento (4.916,66±6.102,14) apresentou maior concentração de CRP em relação ao grupo sem remodelamento (2.510,67±3,26) (P=0,009). Houve correlação positiva fraca entre CRP e número total de leucócitos (r=0,197; P=0,019). Conclui-se que apesar de não ter sido detectada diferença significativa para o RDW houve tendência a valores maiores nos cães com remodelamento comparados aos sem remodelamento. A concentração de CRP foi maior nos cães com remodelamento cardíaco em relação àqueles sem remodelamento e nos cães com ICC em relação aos cães sem ICC e àqueles de raças predispostas, mas sem alterações cardíacas. A dosagem sérica de CRP juntamente com outros marcadores e exames complementares já utilizados rotineiramente, poderá ser útil na avaliação e acompanhamento de pacientes portadores de DVDCM / RDW is a hematological index used for anisocytosis quantitative assesment, and useful to diferenciate anemic states. In human medicine, it has been considered an important prognostic factor in heart failure (HF), even in the absence of anemia. CRP is considered the main acute phase protein, and it is widely used as a marker of inflammation. An exploratory prospective cross sectional study was conducted aiming to determine whether there is a difference in RDW and CRP concentration in dogs with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease (CDMVD) with and without HF, presence of remodeling, as well as between the different disease stages (A, B1, B2, C e D - ACVIM), compared to dogs of predisposed breeds, but without heart disease. For this study, 141 dogs, up to 20kg, males and females were distributed in groups in order to achieve the main golas. Dogs with and without HF presented smaller number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to control group (P<0.001). RDW was not diferente between groups for CDMVD stages (P= 0.25), regarding HF presence (P= 0.146), or cardiac remodeling (P=0.078). Groups C and D (C: 2,251 ng/dL, 962.05-5,292.5 ng/dL e D: 3,628.4 ng/dL, 4,1592.3-6,254.5 ng/dL) presented higher CRP concentration compared to control (1,685.5 ng/dL, 1,045.45-3,795.5 ng/dL). There was a difference in CRP concentration between groups, however, it was not possible to identify the differing groups (P=0.014). CRP concentration was higher in HF group (2,939.7-1,304.25-5,908.8 ng/dL) compared to control (1,685 ng/dL, 1,1015.45-3,795.5 ng/dL) (P=0.03). CRP concentration was higher in cardiac remodeling group (4,916.66±6,102.14) in relation to the group without remodeling (2,510.67±3.26) (P=0.009). There was a weak positive correlation between CRP and total leucocyte count (r=0.197; P=0.019). We conclude that although we could not identify a significative difference for RDW, there was a tendency to increased values in dogs with cardiac remodeling. CRP concentration was higher in cardiac remodeling group and in HF group compared to control. CRP serum together with other markers and auxiliary exames already routinely used may provide useful information for assessment and follow up of dogs with CDMVD

In dieser retrospektiven Pilotstudie wurde die Aussagekraft klinischer und paraklinischer Parameter in Prä-, Peri- und früher Postnatalphase für die Diagnostik der klinischen Early-Onset Sepsis beim Neugeborenen untersucht. Der postnatal innerhalb von drei Tagen beim Kind gemessene CRP-Wert mit einem Cut-off von 10 mg/l wurde für die Differenzierung klinische Sepsis / keine Sepsis herangezogen. Die Analyse der zwei nach CRP-Werten getrennten Kollektive erfolgte hinsichtlich verschiedener Faktoren (wie z.B. Kreislauf und Laborparameter der Mutter vor der Geburt bzw. Labor – und Kreislaufparameter des Kindes bis 96 h postnatal). In der Auswertung zeigen sich signifikante Unterschiede der einzeln betrachteten Variablen. In einer Multivarianzanalyse konnten keine statistisch relevanten Differenzen bestätigt werden, daher werden weiterführende, prospektive randomisierte Studien zur Evaluation dieses Ansatzes empfohlen. Aufgrund der hohen und signifikanten Unterschiede bei Einzelbetrachtung und der sehr frühen Verfügbarkeit können die mütterlichen Parameter CRP > 12,3 mg/l und Herzfrequenz > 76,5 Schläge pro Minute sowie die unmittelbar postnatal gemessenen kindlichen Laktatwerte > 3,55 mml/l jedoch als wichtige Indikatoren zur Identifikation von Kindern mit einer Early-Onset Sepsis empfohlen werden.

Elementary school students may display uncivil behaviors that affect peer interactions, and school or community climate. Some middle and high school leaders have implemented programs to improve student interactions by enhancing student leadership skills, character education, and students’ understanding of civic education. However, few programs combine these goals with aspects of culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) in elementary schools. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explain the motivating factors, challenges, and rationales of school administrators and leaders who implemented a student civil leadership program in a K-6 elementary school and to understand how the program was established, how it operated, the extent to which CRP was facilitated through instruction, and how students benefited. The conceptual framework was based on Allport, Ewald, and Ladson-Billings’s ideas of similar and dissimilar group interactions. Data were collected through interviews of school leaders, observations of program facilitators, and artifacts. Data were analyzed using initial and simultaneous coding, which led to the development of 4 key findings: the implementation of the GCP program was due to trust and consensus among stakeholders, the curriculum bore resemblance to CRP in implementation, instruction promoted civil leadership in students through the design of program activities, and establishing the program fostered community support. The findings of the study indicated that positive social change may result from continued and trusting collaborations between school and community leaders, particularly when they are aimed to implement civil leadership programs with effective programming and an underlying foundation of CRP.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is currently the most common cause of death in the United States. Some dietary factors contribute importantly to ASCVD and other factors can reduce risk of ASCVD. Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Dietary patterns in which oleic acid contributes to a majority of dietary fatty acids are associated with reduced ASCVD risk. These beneficial effects are due to MUFA-induced lipoprotein profile changes such as decreases in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL oxidation plays a central role in atherosclerosis development as it both initiates and propagates atherosclerosis. HDL is anti-atherogenic as it can attenuate LDL oxidation. HDLs are a class of diverse lipoprotein that varies in protein and enzymatic composition. The paraoxonase (PON) family of enzymes, especially PON1, is primarily expressed in the liver; PON activity in the circulatory system is associated with HDL. Both PON and HDL have been documented to be anti-atherogenic. Other factors such as homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) can also be considered risk factors for ASCVD. However, studies of risk factors in healthy men who consume ground beef with a different content of MUFA are lacking; hence, no conclusive evidence has established whether consuming a high amount of MUFA in the form of ground beef alters the development of atherosclerosis. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate whether the provision of ground beef with a fractionally higher MUFA content could lower or improve several ASCVD risk factors in men who consume ground beef. These risk factors include the metabolic indices of glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), inflammation risk factors of CRP and homocysteine and anti-risk factor of paraoxonase. The concentration of homocysteine was determined spectrophotometrically following separation by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enzyme-linked imminosorbent assay kits that measured the CRP and insulin concentration in plasma. The significance of the results was determined by subjecting the data to ANOVA using the general linear model for repeated measurement (P<0.05). From this study, it can be concluded that MUFA has a beneficial effect of lowering risks as determined by metabolic indices and lipoprotein profile. Moreover, our study showed that different concentrations of MUFA in ground beef has no effect on PON1 activity, but that increased beef consumption generally reduces PON1 in association with increases in homocysteine concentration while improving indicators of glucose tolerance.

Wundheilungsstörungen können zu einer ernsthaften Beeinträchtigung der Gesundheit des Patien-ten führen. Neben einem effektiven prophylaktischen und therapeutischen Wundmanagement ist auch die Erfassung von Störungen der Wundheilung von großer Bedeutung für den weiteren Ver-lauf. Aufgrund der Schwierigkeit, derartige Störungen frühzeitig anhand lokaler klinischer Sym-ptome zu diagnostizieren sowie aufgrund der Subjektivität dieser Beurteilung, hat sich in der Humanmedizin der Parameter Serum-CRP-Konzentration etabliert. Anhand der Untersuchung von Seren 39 klinisch gesunder Hunde mittels ELISA wurde für die canine CRP-Konzentration ein Vergleichswert von x (Median) = 13,5 µg/ml (25 % Quartil = 9,9 µg/ml; 75 % Quartil = 20,5 µg/ml) ermittelt. 175 Hunde, die einem chirurgischen Eingriff unterzogen wurden, konnten erfasst werden. Der Ein-fluss der zwischen einem Trauma und der präoperativen Probenentnahme verstrichenen Zeit (t) auf die CRP-Konzentration im Blutserum wurde bei 109 Patienten untersucht, die ein präoperatives Trauma erlitten. Gruppe II (t ≥ 6 Stunden < 48 Stunden; n = 52; x = 183,0 µg/ml) und Gruppe III (t ≥ 48 Stunden < 2 Wochen; n = 28; x = 72,7 µg/ml) zeigten im Vergleich zu klinisch gesunden Hunden (Vergleichswert x = 13,5 µg/ml) signifikant höhere CRP-Konzentrationen. In Gruppe I (t < 6 Stunden; n = 10; x = 12,1 µg/ml) und IV (t ≥ 2 Wochen; n = 19; x = 19,3 µg/ml) waren keine derartigen Unterschiede nachweisbar. Trotz erheblicher Traumatisierung erfolgte also bis 6 Stunden nach dem Trauma noch kein CRP-Konzentrationsanstieg. Der Einfluss der Schwere der Traumatisierung auf die präoperative Serum-CRP-Konzentration wurde bei 38 Patienten ermittelt. Patienten mit isolierter Weichteilschädigung dritten Grades (x = 160,6 µg/ml; n = 4), geschlos-sener Fraktur ersten (x = 104,0 µg/ml; n = 8), zweiten (x = 170,8 µg/ml; n = 14) und dritten Grades (x = 256,4 µg/ml; n = 7) sowie offener Fraktur dritten Grades (x = 378,8 µg/ml; n = 5) wiesen signifikant über dem CRP-Vergleichswert (x = 13,5 µg/ml) liegende Konzentrationen auf. Signifikante Unterschiede der CRP-Konzentration bestanden zwischen Hunden mit geschlossenen Frakturen ersten Grades (x = 104,0 µg/ml) und solchen dritten Grades (x = 256,4 µg/ml) sowie zwischen geschlossenen Frakturen ersten Grades (x = 104,0 µg/ml) und drittgradig offenen Frakturen (x = 378,8 µg/ml). Die präoperative CRP-Konzentration spiegelte folglich die Schwere des Traumas wieder. Der Verlauf von Serum-CRP-Konzentration, Leukozytenzahl im Blut und Körpertemperatur in Bezug zur klinischen Symptomatik im Wundbereich konnte bei 99 Patienten untersucht werden. Diese wurden in die Gruppen komplikationslose Wundheilung, Wundinfektion, Nahtdehiszenz, Serom, Hämatom, passagerer Reizzustand eingeteilt. Mit wenigen Ausnahmen in den Gruppen Hämatom und Serom wiesen die CRP-Konzentrationen zu allen Entnahmezeitpunkten signifikante Konzentrationserhöhungen gegenüber dem CRP-Vergleichswert (x = 13,5 µg/ml) auf. Bei Hunden mit komplikationsloser Wundheilung (Kontrollgruppe; n = 57) war ein stetiger Rückgang der initi-alen postoperativen Entzündungsreaktion festzustellen. Die CRP-Konzentration zeichnete sich durch einen signifikanten Konzentrationsanstieg zum ersten postoperativen Tag (präoperativ: x = 57,2 µg/ml, erster postoperativer Tag: x = 170,8 µg/ml) und durch einen signifikanten Abfall an den darauffolgenden postoperativen Tagen (zweiter Tag: x = 104,9 µg/ml, dritter Tag: x = 67,4 µg/ml, vierter Tag: x = 44,9 µg/ml, fünfter Tag: x = 40,5 µg/ml, sechster Tag: x = 30,1 µg/ml) aus. Die CRP-Konzentration bei Hunden mit komplikationsloser Wundheilung verlief somit parallel zu den reaktiven Vorgängen im Wundbereich. Elf Hunde entwickelten eine Wundinfektion. Die CRP-Konzentrationen an den postoperativen Tagen zwei (x = 196,8 µg/ml), drei (x = 125,0 µg/ml), vier (x =120,5 µg/ml), fünf (x = 157,5 µg/ml) und sechs (x = 114,9 µg/ml) waren signifikant gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe (zweiter Tag: x = 104,9 µg/ml, dritter Tag: x = 67,4 µg/ml, vierter Tag: x = 44,9 µg/ml, fünfter Tag: x = 40,5 µg/ml, sechster Tag: x = 30,1 µg/ml) erhöht. Die weitgehend unverändert hohen oder wieder ansteigenden CRP-Konzentrationen bei Patienten mit Wund-infektion verliefen parallel zu einer intensiven Entzündungssymptomatik, die noch am sechsten Tag postoperativ deutlich ausgeprägt war und in der Regel mit purulenter Exsudation einherging. Hunde mit Nahtdehiszenz (n = 5) zeigten an den postoperativen Tagen vier (x = 52,2 µg/ml), fünf (x = 77,5 µg/ml) und sechs (x = 63,4 µg/ml) signifikante Erhöhungen der CRP-Konzentration gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe (vierter Tag: x = 44,9 µg/ml, fünfter Tag: x = 40,5 µg/ml, sechster Tag: x = 30,1 µg/ml). Auch bei Hunden mit Nahtdehiszenz bestand eine ausgesprochene Paralle-lität zwischen dem Ausmaß der lokalen Entzündungsreaktionen und der Höhe der CRP-Konzen-tration. Bei Hunden mit Serom (n = 6) bestanden zu den jeweiligen Entnahmezeitpunkten keine signifikanten Unterschiede der CRP-Konzentration zur Kontrollgruppe (x = 40,5 µg/ml), bei Patienten mit Hämatom (n = 7) lediglich am fünften postoperativen Tag (x = 51,8 µg/ml). Die Wundheilungssituation bei Patienten mit passagerem Reizzustand (n = 12) war durch das Fehlen einer deutlichen Abnahme der initialen Entzündungsreaktion charakterisiert, jedoch ohne Vor-liegen offensichtlicher Anzeichen für das Vorhandensein einer Wundinfektion. Gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe (dritter Tag: x = 67,4 µg/ml, vierter Tag: x = 44,9 µg/ml, fünfter Tag: x = 40,5 µg/ml, sechster Tag: x = 30,1 µg/ml) waren die bei Patienten mit passagerem Reizzustand an den postoperativen Tagen drei (x = 115,6 µg/ml), vier (x = 91,6 µg/ml), fünf (x = 97,5 µg/ml) und sechs (x = 74,3 µg/ml) ermittelten CRP-Konzentrationen signifikant erhöht. Der CRP-Verlauf war somit dem Verlauf der CRP-Konzentration bei Patienten mit Wundinfektion ähnlich. Auf Grundlage der Untersuchungsergebnisse kann das Vorliegen einer Wundinfektion dann als gegeben angesehen werden, wenn mit einer unverändert ausgeprägten oder wieder aufflammenden Entzündungssymptomatik im Wundbereich ein entsprechendes Verhalten der CRP-Konzentration im Blutserum einhergeht. Zudem kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die serielle Bestimmung der CRP-Konzentration eine geeignete Methode darstellt, die Wundheilungssituation objektiv zu beurteilen und die subjektive Interpretation klinischer Befunde zu ergänzen. Im Gegensatz hierzu erwiesen sich Leukozytenzahl im Blut und Körpertemperatur als hierfür ungeeignet.

No description available.

Verfasser: Gerald Stumpf Titel: Feldstudie zu fieberhaften Erkrankungen des Pferdes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ehrlichiose und freien Endotoxins Institut: Institut für Bakteriologie und Mykologie der Veterinarmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig Eingereicht im Dezember 2005 Bibliographische Daten: 92 Seiten, 13 Abbildungen, 15 Tabellen, 134 Quellenangaben Schlüsselworte: Pferd – Fieber – Ehrlichiose – Endotoxin – CRP – Neopterin – PCR Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den in der ambulanten Praxis vorkommenden fieberhaften Erkrankungen des Pferdes. Ein Ziel bestand in der Analyse und Verifizierung der klinischen Beobachtungen in der Praxis und der routinemäßigen Laborparameter. Durch die Verwendung zusätzlicher Parameter wurde deren diagnostische Bedeutung am erkrankten Pferd untersucht, um so den diagnostischen Rahmen bei der ätiopathogenetischen Aufklärung des Fiebers unbekannter Genese zu erweitern. Anhand eigener Untersuchungen von Erkrankungen mit Fieber unbekannter Genese im Vergleich zu anderen fieberhaften Krankheiten des Pferdes wurde die Bedeutung des Fiebers unbekannter Genese beim Pferd herausgestellt und das Krankheitsgeschehen charakterisiert. In die Laboruntersuchungen wurden die Entzündungsparameter Neopterin und CRP zusätzlich einbezogen. Mittels Antikörpernachweisen wurde die Beteiligung von Endotoxinen an der Entstehung von Fieber unbekannter Genese untersucht. Außerdem wurde die PCR zum Nachweis von Ehrlichiose bei spontan fieberhaft erkrankten Pferden eingesetzt. Bei 195 (50,9%) von insgesamt 383 Patienten wurde Fieber unbekannter Genese (Fiebertyp 1) registriert, im Jahresdurchschnitt waren es 65 (56 - 72) Pferde (Tab. 2). Dieser Fiebertyp hatte demnach die größte Bedeutung (p0,05). Es tritt in den Herbst und Wintermonaten am häufigsten auf. Rasse- und Altersprädispositionen ist nicht feststellbar. Es handelt sich um ein mit Fieber einhergehendes Krankheitsgeschehen mit geringer Kontagiosität. Der CRP-Wert liegt bei den Patienten mit Fieber unbekannter Genese im Normbereich. Das bedeutet, in Übereinstimmung mit OKIN et al. (2005), AGRAWAL (2005) und DE MAAT (2004), dass es nicht zu den entsprechenden mit Gewebszerfall einhergehenden Entzündungsreaktionen gekommen war. Das Neopterin wurde hier erstmals bei Pferden mit Fieber unbekannter Genese. Dieser Wert war erhöht (x=7,29). Es ist ein unspezifischer Parameter für den negative Korrelation (r=0,33, p0,05) mit Anti-Endotoxin-IgG festgestellt wurde. Die Erhöhung der Immunglobuline der Klasse IgG (Antiendotoxin-IgM: x=1,18 und Anti-Lipid-A-IgM: x=1,5) weist auf eine Beteiligung freier Endotoxine an der Entstehung von Fieber unbekannter Genese beim Pferd hin. Das Vorkommen von Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ehrlichia equi) wurde erstmals in Deutschland beim Pferd molekulargenetisch nachgewiesen. Obwohl die ätiologische Diagnosestellung in dieser Studie nur begrenzt erweitert werden konnte, ergeben sich nach der hier vorgenommenen Charakterisierung des Fiebers unbekannter Genese beim Pferd für die Zukunft gute Ansatzpunkte für den gezielten Einsatz der PCR mit selektiv ausgewählten Primern, um den diagnostischen Rahmen zu erweitern. / Author: Gerald Stumpf Titel: Fieldstudy of febrile diseases in the horse in particular condition of ehrlichiosis and free endotxin Institute: Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig Submitted in December 2005 Bibliographic data: 92 pages, 13 figures, 15 tables, 134 references Key words: Horse – Fever – Ehrlichiosis – Endotoxin – CRP – Neopterin - PCR The importance and prevalence of fever of unknown origin in horses was investigated, characterised and compared with other febrile conditions in horses. Inflammatory and stress parameters such as neopterin and CRP were included in the investigated laboratory profile. The level of IgG was investigated by an immunological approach for checking the involvement of endotoxins in the genesis of fever. PCR was used for the detection of ehrlichiosis in horses with spontaneous fever. In total, 383 horses with febrile conditions were examined within a period of 3 years. In 195 horses (50.9%) fever of unknown origin was diagnosed (fever type 1) indicating that this is the most important fever type in horses (p0.05) mainly seen in autumn and winter. In contrast, an age or race predispostion could not be detected. Typically, this fever type is characterised by a low contagiosity. The horses with fever of unknown oigin showed CRP values within the physiological range. This is indicative for the lack of tissue damage and respective inflammatory processes and supports the findings of OKIN et al. (2005), AGRAWAL (2005) und DE MAAT (2004). To the knowledge of the author, this is the first report on investigations of neopterin in horses with fever of unknown origin. Neopterin is an unspecific parameter and showed a negative correlation (r=0.33, p0.05) with anti-endotoxin IgG. The mean neopterin value in horses with fever of unknown oigin was increased (7.29). The observed increase of anti-endotoxin-IgM and anti-Lipid A-IgM indicates the involvement of endotoxins in the genesis of fever of unknown origin in horses. Moreover, this is the first report about the molecular genetic detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ehrlichia equi) in horses in Germany. In conclusion, the characterisation of fever of unknown origin in this thesis may stipulate further targeted investigations using PCR with selective primers to improve the etiological diagnosis of this disease.

abstract: Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 7.3% of Americans, leading to debilitating and life-threatening comorbidities. Estrogen and testosterone levels have been linked to inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, as well as glucose and insulin concentrations. The present study was designed to determine the link between sex differences, glucose control, and inflammation and oxidative stress related to daily almond ingestion among subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subjects were randomized to an intervention group, which received 1.5 oz. almonds daily for 12 weeks, or to the matched control group, which maintained their current diet. No significant differences were found in changes in glucose control in response to ingestion of almonds. However, CRP was significantly reduced by an average of 36.2% in those that received almonds daily (p = 0.017). Although not significant, women randomized to the intervention group appeared to have improvements in insulin resistance compared to women with no dietary change. Results suggest that the addition of almonds to the diet may be an effective intervention for managing inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes. The addition of almonds to the diet is a low cost intervention that is easily implemented into daily lifestyle. Due to the small sample size, additional studies are needed to determine the impact and mechanisms of almond ingestion in subjects with type 2 diabetes. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2014