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121	Le dispositif défensif du Comté de Tripoli / The defensive system of the County of Tripoli Chaaya, Anis 26 January 2010 (has links) Le Comté de Tripoli est le dernier à être fondé des quatre Etats Latins d’Orient issus de la Première Croisade. Ce Comté est le seul à garder sa capitale en possession des croisés jusqu’aux dernières années de l’existence de ces Etats. Ce Comté possède certains des plus anciens châteaux construits par les croisés au début du XIIe siècle tels les châteaux de Tripoli et Gibelet.Cette thèse a plusieurs objectifs, elle vise à préciser les frontières du Comté de Tripoli, énumérer et préciser l’ensemble des places fortes de ce Comté, étudier d’une façon exhaustive les différents sites fortifiés situés sur le territoire de la République Libanaise, et l’élaboration d’une typologie de l’architecture défensive de l’époque des croisades aux XIIe - XIIIe s. dans ce Comté.Grâce aux différentes méthodes de prospection archéologique, l’étude topographique du terrain avec l’archéologie du paysage, il était possible d’identifier et de découvrir plusieurs sites fortifiés, essentiellement des tours, qui n’étaient pas connus auparavant.Un intérêt spécial a été consacré dans notre travail à la lecture approfondie et l’analyse systématique de quelques sites fortifiés majeurs. Cela a permis une meilleure compréhension de l’installation de ces sites, de leur histoire, et de l’évolution de leur construction. Les sites en question sont: Archas, le château de Gibelet, le château de Smar Jbeil, le château Saint-Gilles à Tripoli, la tour Bahani et la tour Mouheich. / The County of Tripoli was the last one to be created between the Frenkish States established after the First Crusade. It is the only State that kept its capital city within the power of the Crusades till the last years of the existence of these States. Some of the oldest castles built at the beginning of the XIIth century are located in this County; such as the castles of Tripoli and Gibelet.This PhD has several objectives; it aims to define the frontiers of the County of Tripoli, to list and specify all its strongholds, to study exhaustively the various fortified sites in the territory of the Republic of Lebanon, and to develop a typology of defensive architecture of the Crusades during the XIIth - XIIIth centuries in this county.Through various methods of archaeological survey, study of the topography of the territory with archaeological landscape reading, it was possible to identify and explore several fortified sites, mainly towers not known before. In our work, special interest was devoted on extensive reading and systematic analysis of some major fortified sites. This enabled a better understanding of their installation, their history and the evolution of their construction. The sites are: Archas, Castle of Gibelet, Castle of Smar Jbeil, the castle of St. Gilles in Tripoli, the tower Bahani and the tower Mouheish. Comté de Tripoli Etats Latins d’Orient Croisade XIIe siècle XIIIe siècle Architecture défensive République Libanaise Archas Gibelet Smar Jbeil, Saint-Gilles. County of Tripoli Crusader states Crusades Twelfth century Lebanese Republic Archas Gibelet Smar Jbeil, Saint-Gilles
122	Nicholas Bhekinkosi Hepworth Bhengu's lasting legacy : a study of the life and work of one of Africa's greatest pioneers Lephoko, Daniel Simon Billy 24 August 2010 (has links) A number of articles in books and newspapers have been written on the life and work of Nicholas Bhengu, in the past four decades. However, to date no focused academic research had been devoted to his life, his mission, his message and his influence in South Africa as well as beyond the borders of South Africa. The different chapters in the thesis focus on Bhengu’s life, his call to ministry and the role he played in South Africa, in rest of Africa, and beyond the borders of our continent. Although Bhengu did not overtly address political issues by supporting either the liberation movements nor the Nationalist Government, the impact of his work was felt by both to the extent that liberation movements such as ANC criticised him for not lending his public support to the struggle they waged against apartheid. On the other hand, the South African government also tried to co-opt him as an ally of their socio-political ideology. The government disappointed by Bhengu’s lack of support for its political programme, became suspicious of his intentions and set the Special Branch of the South African Police to monitor his movements, teaching and preaching. Bhengu ministered during a tumultuous period in the history of South Africa which called for people as well as the faith communities to take sides for or against the system of apartheid. Bhengu’s teaching and preaching had a great impact on the social and political psyche of the people in South Africa. Through his Back to God Crusade he, with great effectiveness, called people to return to God. Thousands devoted their lives to God. Wherever Bhengu conducted his crusades, crime went down significantly, with criminals turning in their weapons of trade and returning stolen goods to the police. He also performed spectacular healings and miracles. Apart from his evangelistic campaigns, Bhengu planted churches, established a formidable women’s ministry that to this day continues to raise millions of Rand to fund the Back to God Crusade. The Youth Ministry provides bursaries for young people to study in any field of their choice. Bhengu’s goal for providing these bursaries was to empower a new generation to contribute to the development of their country. He also established self-governing, self-supporting and self-propagating churches, at a time when Black Churches were dependent on handouts from missionary sending agencies. The study finally evaluates the contribution and lasting legacy of Bhengu: his example, his missionary endeavours, his preaching and church planting efforts, his socio-political involvement, and his leadership. The strategies that he employed to building a cohesive and successful movement – the Back to God/Assemblies of God Movement – receive special attention. The impact of the movement is still felt in South Africa and the neighbouring countries, Swaziland, Namibia, Lesotho, Botswana, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, twenty five years after his death. There is every reason to consider Nicholas Bhengu to be the Billy Graham of Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted Apartheid Back to Assemblies of God Movement Church planting Church struggle Communism Evangelism Ecumenism Crusades Marxism Mission Missionaries Theology South africa Africa Assemblies of God Back to God Reconstruction and development UCTD
123	Evangelism and folk Islam: a case study in South Coast Kenya Nyagwoka, Joseph B., 1971- 09 1900 (has links) The Islamic religion has become a challenge to Christianity due to its rapid growth around the world today. Christianity and Islam are both devising strategies on how to reach out to each other with their conflicting messages. Christian missiologists have come up with several approaches of doing Mission to the Muslims. However, because of the Islamic practices and beliefs that vary in different contexts or from place to place, some of the approaches are not effective in some areas. The nature of the cultural context has more often made it progressively difficult for the Christian churches and missionaries to do Mission among the Muslim countries, including those at South Coast of Kenya, the Digo folk Muslims. The call for a suitable understanding of an evangelism approach among the Digo folk Muslims is an essential concept for an effective Mission to them. There is no doubt that in Digoland, there is still a great challenge in evangelising the Digo people. Even though currently there is a good number of un-indigenous churches in this area, the problem remains that the Digo Muslims have not effectively responded to the Gospel of Jesus Christ at large. It is also clear that the evangelism approaches that the Christian churches are using have not been effective. This thesis analytically examines evangelism approaches to Mission among the Digo folk Muslims by seven selected Christian churches from different denominations in the South Coast of Kenya. The study investigates the effectiveness of the evangelism approaches, which these churches are using with the Digo folk Muslims in sharing the gospel. Mostly using data collected from oral interviews, the study finds that Mission involvement to Digo Muslims is slow and not as effective as evidenced by the small number of the Muslim background believers in the selected churches. The churches and the Muslim background believers face challenges that include fear due to threats from the Muslim community as they perceive the Christians as adversaries who are stealing their members. Moreover, the few Muslims are, at times threatened with death. The churches also face challenges from the lack of effective training in Muslim evangelism in context including the financial constraints for Muslim Mission in the area. The research concludes that significantly, there is a need for the selected churches to reexamine and reconsider their evangelism approaches to Digo folk Muslims with a view to improving their ways of engaging in sharing the gospel with them. Finally, the study formulates and proposes a practical biblical model for effective Mission to these Digo Muslims. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology with specialisation in Muslim Evangelism) Church Evangelism approaches Mission Digo Muslims Folk Islam Christianity Contextualisation Biblical model Inside movement Crusades Dialogue Muslim background believers Polemic 266.009676230723
124	Text und Kontext des al-Wāqidī zugeschriebenen Futūḥ aš-Šām: Ein Beitrag zur Forschungsdebatte über frühe futūḥ-Werke / Text and Context of the Futūḥ al-Shām Ascribed to al-Wāqidī: A Contribution to the Research on Early Futūḥ Literature Dehghani Farsani, Yoones 17 August 2017 (has links) No description available. 400 800 Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Wāqidī Futūḥ aš-Šām Eroberung Syriens Futūḥ-Literatur frühe muslimische Geschichtsschreibung muslimische Eroberungen Quellenkritik Kreuzzüge Muḥammad b. 'Umar al-Wāqidī Futūḥ al-Shām Early Muslim historiography Muslim conquests Textual criticism Crusades Futūḥ literature Conquest of Greater Syria Philologien (PPN621711713)
125	Dílo Philippa de Mézières (c. 1327 - 1405) jako historický pramen / Philippe de Mézières's (c. 1327 - 1405) Works as a Historical Source Severýn, Martin January 2017 (has links) Although Philippe de Mézières (ca 1327-1405) was born into a not very influential gentry family from northern France, his steep career brought him to the Holy Land. As a diplomat and an ardent supporter of the idea of the Crusades, he got to visit the most important European royal courts, thus securing the attention of historians. He consciously reflects the political and social climate in Europe at the time, he explores religious issues and even own experiences - in short, de Mézières vast literary work is one of the most remarkable images of Europe during the late Middle Ages and the thinking of a medieval man of a high social status. Thanks to Philippe de Mézières' presence at the Royal Court of Charles IV in Prague and their likely meeting in Paris in 1378, we can trace evident links to Luxembourg politics in his work, to the Czech Kingdom and even to Charles IV himself, including his son Wenceslas. As a Crusades theoretician, de Mézières got himself involved in the highest levels of European politics, yet he constantly emphasized the need for morality, peace and cohesiveness in the courts. The thesis uses an example of one of de Mézières' later works, his Letter to Richard II (Epistre au roi Richarti, 1395), to explore diplomatic ties in Western Europe in the fourteenth century and pursues...
126	Étude et édition de l'Estoire d'Outremer, d'après le manuscrit Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, pluteus LXI.10, f.274-336 / Study and edition of the Estoire d’Outremer from the Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Pluteus LXI.10 manuscript, f. 274-f. 336 Helou, Kasser-Antton 08 December 2017 (has links) L’Estoire d’Outremer, vaste fresque historique constituée de la traduction française de l’Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum de Guillaume de Tyr prolongée par la compilation de diverses chroniques, retrace l’histoire du royaume latin de Jérusalem jusqu’en 1277 et représente l’une des principales sources franques de l’histoire des croisades. Relevant autant du genre didactique que de la littérature aristocratique, l’Estoire d’Outremer est également un des tous premiers monuments de l’historiographie en prose de langue française et manifeste l’émergence, de la fin du XIIe siècle à la fin du XIIIe siècle d’un nouveau public, lettré mais non savant, avide de découvrir son passé. Le manuscrit Pluteus LXI. 10 de la bibliothèque laurentienne de Florence dont nous présentons ici l’édition, dans sa partie de la Continuation copiée outremer et couvrant les années 1185-1247, prend place dans un ensemble complexe et hétérogène de plus de cinquante manuscrits et constitue à bien des titres un témoin particulièrement précieux. Copié dans le français d’Outremer, dialecte d’oïl formé en Terre sainte, il est le dernier manuscrit fabriqué à Saint-Jean d’Acre avant la chute de la ville et du royaume, couronnement de toute une tradition historiographique. Complet, luxueux et richement décoré, il témoigne des pratiques propres aux ateliers ultramarins et du savoir-faire de ses ornemanistes, et nous présente les œuvres les plus abouties de l’artiste nommé maître de Paris et d’Acre. L’édition que nous en donnons comprend un apparat critique complet, une présentation littéraire, des études codicologiques, linguistiques et paléographiques, un glossaire, un index et une chronologie. / The Estoire d’outremer is a sweeping historical account that represents one of the main Frankish sources for the history of the crusades. It contains the French translation of William of Tyre’s Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum, to which is added a compilation of several chronicles retracing the history of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem until 1277. The Estoire d’outremer is rooted in the didactic genre as well as in aristocratic literature, and represents one of the first testaments of prose hagiography in the French language. It is evidence of the well read, although not scholarly public which emerged during the 12th and the 13th centuries, and which was keen to uncover its past. We present here the edition of the Pluteus LXI.10 manuscript at the Laurentian Library in Florence, from the f. 274 to the f. 336 (the period 1185-1247). It is part of a complex and heterogeneous ensemble of more than fifty manuscripts, and is a particularly precious testimony on several counts. Copied in Outremer French – an oïl dialect shaped in the Holy Land – it was the last manuscript to have been completed at St.-Jean d’Acre before the fall of the city and kingdom, and was the crowning achievement of a long historiographical tradition. The manuscript is complete, sumptuous and richly decorated, showcasing the particular practice of ultramarine workshops and the mastery of their ornementists. Its pages display the most consummate works produced by the Paris-Acre Master. Our text edition is presented with a comprehensive critical apparatus, a literary presentation, some codicological, linguistic and paleographical studies, a glossary, an index and a chronology. Estoire d’Outremer Chronique en prose du XIIIe siècle Guillaume de Tyr États latins d’Orient Croisades Français d’Outremer Scriptorium de Saint-Jean d’Acre Maître de Paris et d’Acre Estoire d’Outremer 13th-Century prose Chronicles William of Tyre Crusader States Crusades Outremer French Scriptorium of St-Jean d’Acre The Paris-Acre Master
127	La Romanie orientale : l'empire de Constantinople et ses avatars au Levant à l'époque des Croisades / Oriental Romania : the empire of Constantinople and his avatars in the Levant during the Crusades Baraton, Édouard 11 June 2018 (has links) L’empire de Constantinople, après un siècle (969-1085) de domination sur de vastes portions de l’Orient (Cilicie, Chypre, Syrie du Nord et Djézireh), et de rayonnement au-delà jusqu’à Jérusalem, dut reconstituer sa présence dans cet espace à partir de la fin du XIe siècle. L’arrivée de nouveaux acteurs chrétiens autonomes, Francs et Arméniens, compliqua l’équation politique de l’Empire, qui ne devait plus uniquement reconstruire sa domination sur ses anciens sujets, mais aussi compter avec ces forces. L’empire de Romanie vécut en Orient, parallèlement aux Croisades, une intense phase de redéfinition de sa réalité régionale, de ses modalités de fonctionnement et de son rôle politique. Cependant, cette expérience, qui se prolongea sur près de deux siècles, ne saurait se limiter à une simple projection de puissance de Constantinople sur cette périphérie. Malgré les bouleversements qui frappèrent le cœur de l’Empire de 1081 à 1289, la référence impériale se maintint en Orient sous les Comnènes, les empereurs latins et nicéens, puis sous les premiers Paléologues. Le processus ne fut durable que grâce à la redéfinition progressive de l’identité impériale locale. Ses contours varièrent par l’adjonction d’éléments hétérogènes, contribuant à complexifier l’empreinte de l’empire de Romanie en Orient. La Romanie orientale fut une solution à l’équation politique des pouvoirs locaux (la principauté d’Antioche, le comté de Tripoli et les royaumes de Chypre et d’Arménie principalement) pour réussir leur intégration régionale en la conjuguant avec un héritage impérial constantinopolitain, incluant l’Orient helléno-arabe. / The empire of Constantinople, after a century (969-1085) of domination over large part of oriental territories (Cilicia, Cyprus, North Syria and Djezireh) during which it exerted its influence over Jerusalem, had to restore its influence in this space from the end of the eleventh century. The arrival of new autonomous Christian players, Francs and Armenians, complicated the empire’s political equation, which had not just to rebuild his domination over its old subjects, but also had to allow for these forces.The empire of Romanie lived in the East, at the same time of the Crusades, an intense period of redefinition of its regional reality, of its modes of running and of its political role. However, this experience, which lasted for two centuries, can’t be confined to a simple projection of Constantinople’s powerful onto this periphery.Despite the disruptions which hit the heart of the empire, from 1081 to 1289, the imperial reference persisted in the East under the Comneni, the Latin and Nicene emperors, and under the firsts Paleologues.The process was lasting because of the gradual redefinition of regional imperial identity. Its contours were varied by the addition of heterogenic elements, which contributed to complicate the imperial mark in the East.Oriental Romania was a solution to the political equation of local authorities (Principality of Antioch, the County of Tripoli and the kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia mainly) to succeed in their regional integration, combined with an imperial Constantinopolitan heir, including the Hellenic and Arabic East. Principauté d'Antioche Patriarcat orthodoxe d'Antioche Stratège autocrator pour l'Orient Patrices du Rûm Duché de Cilicie Royaume d'Arménie Royaume de Chypre Comté de Tripoli Empereurs francs de Constantinople Alexis Comnène Bohémond de Tarente Raymond de Saint Gilles Jean II Comnène Raymond de Poitiers Manuel Comnène Bohémond III Andronic Comnène Isaac Doukas Comnène Bohémond IV Simeon d'Antioche Henri de Constantinople Michel VIII Paléologue Bohémond VI Euthyme d'Antioche Théodose d'Antioche Principality of Antioch Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch Strategos autokrator for the Crusades Patricians of Rûm Duchy of Cilicia Armenian kingdom Kingdom of Chyprus County of Tripoli Frankish emperors of Constantinople Alexios Komnenos Bohemond of Taranto Raymond of Saint-Gilles John II Komnenos Raymond of Poitiers Manuel Komnenos Bohemond III Andronic Komnenos Isaac Doukas Komnenos Bohemond IV SImeon of Antioch Henry of Constantinople Michael VIII Palaigos Bohemond VI Euthymios of Antioch Theodosius of Antioch 949.503

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