Recording police officers can result in distraction, fear, and false perceptions of law enforcement personnel when citizens upload the videos to social media, though little is understood about police perceptions of this phenomenon. Using evaluation apprehension theory, emotional labor theory, and emotional intelligence as the foundation, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the feelings and experiences of police officers recorded by citizens with cell phone cameras while working. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 police officers in the State of Indiana who were recorded with cell phone cameras. The data were transcribed, inductively coded, and then subjected to descriptive 7 steps, thematic, and cross-case analysis procedures. Key findings suggest officers experienced feelings of disengagement from duties when recorded by citizens. Results revealed concerns of professional appearance, self-reputation, and self-esteem. However, the study also indicated that the application of emotional intelligence and emotional labor from leadership could be used to assist officers in managing such disengagement. The implications for social change provided by this study include the development of training materials for law enforcement professionals who work through emotional intelligence while fostering opportunities for community engagement. For the public, this study provides an educational opportunity for the community to understand the feelings and significances of police officers who are recorded.

In relation to the women¡¦s consumption gradually increasing, the female consumption market is becoming larger than before. In the current media, definitions of beauty image created by the media has become the standards of self-examination, it even has great influences on female consumption preference. Thus, this study aims to investigate what kind of female image the female beauty TV program represents¡H What is the relationship between the female images represented by female beauty TV program and the cognition of beauty of female audiences? And what affects the level of exposure in TV program and the life style of the female consumers influence has on the female audiences¡¦ cognition of beauty¡H This primary research expects to describe the relationship between the female images shaped by TV medias and the cognition of beauty of female audiences. Since the start of female beauty program Queen in TVBS-G on TV, there have been many fashion programs like Beautyplan, Beautyworld in CTITV, E-line secret garden in GTV, and Perfect beauty in FTV following in Taiwan. This research is going to discuss whether these fashion programs will lead to the myth of beauty for female consumers. And does the female image built by the TV media influence the purchasing preference of female cosmetic. All of these are issues this study will be discussing. This study applied the methodology of quantitative content analysis approach and internet questionnaire survey. First, it analyzes the content of the female beauty program during Jan,2005 to Jul,2007 and focuses on the female internet users whose ages are between 15 and 45. Then, these internet questionnaires are divided into four parts, including heavy viewers, light viewers, high involvement, and low involvement. According to the compared analysis of the group samples, it aims to acquire an understanding of the viewpoints of female image and the differences of consumption preference, after female consumers watched the fashion programs. In terms of the outcomes of the research, it shows the between the participants of heavy/light viewers, high/low involvement and different lifestyle, there are obviously differences in the cognition of beauty. Therefore, the exposure of the fashion program, involvement and lifestyle make a huge impact on the cognition of beauty. Besides this, the difference of high/low involvement and the lifestyle of the participants will influence the consumption preference of the audiences, but there are no apparent differences for the consumption preference between the different participants of heavy/light viewers.

In the research field of the cultivation theory focus has shifted from TV in general to studying specific genres instead. It is proposed that there are similarities in otherwise different shows and that these shows give it´s voyeurs a solution to their problems.  The purpose however of this study is to investigate how the myth about the good life is posed in Tv3´s supply.  The theories used in this study are closely linked by their meaning. Narrative talks about the fact that texts, video in this case, contain stories. Ideology is the set of visions and beliefs one person has on the world and myth makes social, historic and cultural decided power orders in to facts. All of these are used with a qualitative semiotic analysis which studies signs in texts, pictures and more. It searches for a deeper meaning in the content and with this method can we see what Tv3 says to its voyeurs.   Through our material Tv3 states that success is in terms of either achieving our dreams or to have so much money that you don’t have to look at the price tag. It´s however the individual's responsibility for both their success and their failure and upon failure the individual should do whatever it takes to fix it, often with help by experts in the field. When it comes to love and the search for the right person, this is part of the good life but it is not the most important part. Although a good life is based on individual responsibility, the individual is so also given directives on how this should be done by the society. An important part of this is society's various power structures and the authorities that constitute them. These authorities, often in the judiciary, represent the good life and the individual’s goal. To get to the top of the hierarchy, the individual must play a game in which tactical moves and strategies are of importance, the game of life.   Our findings propose that all responsibility lies on the individual, even if society is influencing an individual's decision. Success is seen in terms of achieved dreams, money and love. How to reach this is not relevant since all means are permitted, life is a game after all. Society stands for the moral bit and its power structures. But with the help of it, the individual may find its target. It is society that provides the map to the individual, the compass to finding the good life.

Reality shows remain a prominent genre of today’s media culture. More importantly, plot lines tend to be dominated by interpersonal relationship trajectories, which often include conflict such as relational aggression (Coyne, Robins, & Nelson, 2010). When relational aggression is included in analyses that compare the content of scripted and reality shows, researchers find that aggression is more likely to occur in reality shows than scripted shows (Coyne et al., 2010). Furthermore, reality shows are often described as “unscripted,” portraying “real” people during their “ordinary” days (Riddle & De Simone, 2013). Relational aggression is link to physical violence and other poor social and psychological effects (e.g., Caetano, Vaeth, & Ramisetty-Mikler, 2008; Linder, Crick, & Collins, 2002) and, therefore, needs better understanding. Therefore, the present study’s theoretical foundation in cultivation theory, theory of reasoned action, social cognitive theory, and social comparison theory sought to understand how reality shows influence adult viewers and their perceptions and behaviors within romantic relationships. Four-week longitudinal data from 117 dyads was analyzed for potential media effects and how those effects could influence relational aggression within relationships and relational quality. The results suggest minimal media effects but do support negative longitudinal effects of relational aggression on relational quality. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

This study draws on cultivation analysis (Gerbner, 1969) to explore the interrelating factors concerning the role of media in young people’s consumption of alcohol at a south-eastern Nigerian university. Nigeria has the second highest alcohol consumption in Africa. Traditionally, drinking spaces were dominated by adult males for socio-cultural reasons but in contemporary Nigeria there is increasing concern that younger men and women are now also drinking harmfully. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 male and 9 female undergraduate students (aged 19-23 years) to explore the ways in which media consumption shapes their drinking behaviour. Whilst young people’s consumption of both local and foreign media was high and gendered, one key motivation for using alcohol was aspirational, particularly among those who consumed Hollywood films. Many of the participants who consumed Hollywood films may have learned to associate heavy consumption with high social status. Importantly, this thesis demonstrates that although local films portray alcohol in a mainly negative light, this also motivates young people to drink as they learn how to use alcohol to ameliorate anxiety or depression. Young people’s drinking patterns were found to be gendered, underscoring a resilient socio-cultural belief in which men see alcohol as good for males while women believe that it should not be confined to men. Consequently, the women employed male-gendered drinking behaviours such as heavy drinking to develop social capital. At the same time, both male and female participants discussed taking part in risky sexual behaviour but the outcomes differed for males and females, with this behaviour being more stigmatised in women. Alcohol advertising and promotion were found to be highly influential because they encourage brand preference and brand allegiance, actively facilitate change of brand, and lead to excessive consumption amongst male and female participants. Although the participants confirmed that promotional activities facilitate alcohol misuse, they argued that promotions should not be regulated because promotional prizes alleviate poverty. This study furthers the discussion on cultivation theory by demonstrating that heavy television viewing cultivates alcohol consumption among this population and it contributes to cultivation and audience research by revealing that negative portrayals can also influence young people. This study’s findings can inform educational campaigns and policy formulation in Nigeria, particularly those that tackle alcohol availability, heavy episodic drinking and risky sexual behaviour; and those that encourage media literacy and more positive and equal relationships between women and men.

Television programs continue to play a significant role in a teenager's life as they become involved in dating relationships. Adolescence is a pivotal period of life. Teenagers' usage of media, especially television, provides a source of norms and scripts of what a relationship looks like. The portrayals of sexual content in teen programs has become a source of sexual information instead of parents and peers. Many parents are unaware of the sexual content teen programs deliver to their audiences. This study analyzes how teen dramas create expectations through their portrayal of relationships and intimacy on television. Five teen television programs were gathered to analyze the frequency of sexual behaviors depicted to a teen audience. This study investigates the ages, genders, types of relationships, and sexual behaviors shown and implied. The findings show all five programs consisted of high amounts of sexual behavior throughout their first seasons, which suggest that the entertainment industry for teen viewers is a powerful tool that plays a significant role in a teenager's sexual socialization.

This creative non-thesis project includes three theories from communication studies. Uncertainty Reduction Theory, Cultivation Theory, and Cognitive Dissonance Theory. Each theoretical framework also includes a script written with the intent of filming in the future. Those videos could be shown in communication classes. These three theories cover a breadth of knowledge in the field as they pertain to interpersonal communication, media studies, and persuasion.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att uppmärksamma hur litteratur kan påverka arbetet med demokratifrågor, och särskilt jämställdhet, inom ämnet svenska som andraspråk. Detta har gjorts genom analys av tre utvalda böcker som används av lärare som undervisar på gymnasial nivå. Analysen har skett med hjälp av två typer av utvecklingar av Bechdel-testet. Dessa utvecklingar möjliggör poängsättning genom ett värde baserat på jämställdheten i talutrymme mellan kvinnor och män respektive mellan människor som har migrationsbakgrund och människor som inte har det. Studiens resultat visar att de analyserade böckerna alla visar brister i jämställdhet, i den meningen att de kvinnliga karaktärerna får tala mindre men också sällan om något som inte innehåller en manlig referens. Av de tre böckerna innehåller två karaktärer med migrationsbakgrund, men i en av böckerna får de aldrig komma till tals och i den andra får de aldrig tala om något som inte berör deras migrationsbakgrund. I detta ljus diskuteras för det ena böckernas lämplighet gällande arbete med demokratifrågor med huvudfokus på jämställdhet under studien, och för det andra huruvida en kvantifiering av böckers jämställdhetsaspekter är giltig och användbar i samband med val av böcker för undervisningen.

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The disparity between the ongoing use, the overall positive attitudes towards criminal profiling and the lack of empirical evidence for its validity is also referred to as criminal profiling illusion. Associated risks for society range from misled police investigations, hindered apprehensions of the actual offender(s), and wrongful convictions of innocent citizens to mistrust in the police and their methods. Research on potential explanations to the Criminal Profiling Illusion is still in its infancy but assumes that people receive and adopt incorrect messages favouring the accuracy and utility of criminal profiling. One suggested mechanism through which individuals may acquire such incorrect messages is the consumption of fictional crime-related media which typically present criminal profiling as highly accurate, operationally useful and leading to the apprehension of the offender(s). By having some relation to reality but presenting a distorted picture of criminal profiling, fictional crime-related media may blur the line between fiction and reality thereby increasing the risk for the audience to mistake fiction for fact. Adopting a cultivation approach adequate to examine media effects on one’s perception, the present study is the first to investigate whether the perception of criminal profiling may be influenced by the consumption of fictional crime-related media based on a correlation study. Although the results provide support for the assumption that misperceptions of criminal profiling are widely spread in the general population and associated with the consumption of fictional crime-related media, the found cultivation effects are small and must be interpreted cautiously. Considering that even small effects may have the potential to influence real-life decision-making, they may still be relevant and affect the society at large.