Titel: Kulturstyrning i kölvattnet av distansarbete   Författare: Axel Kagevik och Oliwer Sanderup   Handledare: Janet Johansson   Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Sedan lång tid tillbaka har ledare förlitat sig på kontoret i utövandet av ekonomistyrning. När distansarbete föreligger identifieras en avsaknad på synlighet och fysisk närvaro som innebär ett problem för styrning av medarbetare. Organisationskulturen har vidare konstaterats förändrats till följd av distansarbetets implementation vilket talar för ett ökat behov av kulturstyrning. Därför är det intressant att undersöka kulturstyrningens tillämpning i tider av distansarbete.   Syfte: Studien syftar till att skapa ökad förståelse för tillämpningen av kulturstyrning i tider av distansarbete utifrån ett ledarperspektiv.   Metod: Studien är utformad i linje med en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Arbetet med denna studie har skett genom en abduktiv ansats. Syfte och frågeställningarna besvaras genom insamlandet av datamaterial i form av en kvalitativ intervjustudie bestående av tio ledare från fem olika organisationer.   Slutsatser: Distansarbetets har tvingat ledare att förändra sina tillvägagångssätt i hur de förhåller sig till medarbetare och hur de arbetar för att skapa målkongruent organisationskultur. Tillämpningen av kulturstyrning genom inkludering och skapande av deltagande inom organisationen samt genom användning av sin ledarroll för att förmedla och kommunicera viktiga budskap. Nyckeln för att ledarna fortsatt haft möjlighet att tillämpa kulstyrning, har grundat sig i nya initiativ och tillvägagångssätt som motverkar distansarbetets övervägande negativa effekter på förutsättningarna att tillämpa kulturstyrning utifrån ett ledarperspektiv. / Title: Cultural control in the wake of remote work   Authors: Axel Kagevik and Oliwer Sanderup   Supervisor: Janet Johansson   Background and problem discussion: Since a long time ago, leaders have depended on the office as a means of controlling employees. When distance work is imminent a lack of visibility and presence is identified which is a problem for controlling employees. Change in the organizational culture has been identified because of the implementation of remote work, which indicates a further need for cultural control. For that reason, it is interesting to study the application of cultural control in the context of remote work.   Purpose: The aim of the study is to enhance the understanding of the application of cultural control in the context of remote from a leader’s perspective.   Methodology: The study was designed as a qualitative study with a hermeneutical perspective. The work followed an abductive approach. Purpose and questions are answered through a qualitative interview study consisting of ten leaders from five different organizations.   Conclusion: Remote work has forced leaders to change their strategies in which ways they interact with employees and how they work in creating goal congruent organizational culture. The application of cultural control has been done through inclusion and creating participation within the organization and leaders have also used their leader role in mediating and communicating important messages. They key behind the continuous ability to apply cultural control is based on new initiatives and strategies to mitigate the predominant negative effects that remote work has on the prerequisites of applying cultural control from a leader’s perspective.

Management control research has often focused on finding the right fit between management control systems and the unique situational context of organizations, but few studies have examined the role of individual personality traits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a better understanding about the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, management control systems and organizational commitment. We addressed the research gap regarding how the interaction between the Big Five personality traits and management control systems may affect organizational commitment. To answer the research questions, data was collected using a web survey, which was analyzed in statistical software. In total, 103 responses from managers across 30 Swedish companies, were obtained. Our findings indicate that the interaction of the personality trait conscientiousness and results control, and the interaction of the personality trait agreeableness, and cultural control may affect organizational commitment. Based on these findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

No description available.

Les terres noires (Histosol) du Sud du Québec représentent une ressource agricole non-renouvelable où l’on produit la majorité des laitues (Lactuca sativa L.) au Canada. Les paillis de seigle font partie des pratiques culturales durables proposées pour les protéger. Les impacts de ces paillis sur l’agroécosystème demeurent méconnus. Cette étude visait à mesurer les impacts des paillis de seigle sur la chaîne trophique associée au puceron de la laitue, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley, 1841), un ravageur important. Au cours d’une saison de croissance et avec deux transplants, les impacts des paillis de seigle ont été examinés in situ. Dépistages visuels et pièges-bols jaunes ont mesuré la colonisation des plants par N. ribisnigri, ses ennemis naturels et leurs proies alternatives. En cages d’exclusion, la valeur adaptative et la croissance des populations de pucerons ont été mesurées. Ex situ, les effets résiduels des paillis dans le sol sur le fitness et la croissance des populations de N. ribisnigri ont été mesurés. In situ, les paillis de seigle ont limité la colonisation des laitues par N. ribisnigri et ont recruté d’avantage d’ennemis naturels et de proies alternative sur un des transplants. Le paillis a réduit le fitness des pucerons ainsi que la concentration en acides aminés foliaires et le poids des laitues en début de saison. Ex situ, des effets résiduels du paillis de seigle furent détectés sur la composition du microbiote du sol mais pas sur le fitness des pucerons. Ces résultats démontrent le potentiel des paillis de seigle comme pratique culturale contre N. ribisnigri mais n’éclaircissent pas les mécanismes à l’œuvre et soulignent un risque quant au rendement de la laitue. / Southern Quebec cultivated peatland (Histosols) are a non-renewable resource producing most Canadian lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Rye mulches are one of the conservation practices proposed to reach sustainable production, but their impacts on the agroecosystem are still poorly studied. We aimed to assess impacts of rye mulches on the trophic chain around the lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley 1841), an economically significant pest. Through one growing season and two successive transplants, we monitored impacts of rye mulches in situ. Visual scouting and yellow pan traps assessed plant colonization by N. ribisnigri, its natural enemies and alternative preys. Exclusion cage experiments measured aphid fitness and population growth. Ex situ, we attempted to detect if lingering effects of the rye mulch within the soil affected lettuce plants, N. ribisnigri and soil microbiota. In situ experiments showed that rye mulch had the potential to inhibit N. ribisnigri field colonization and recruited natural enemies and alternative preys in one transplant. Mulch reduced aphid fitness as well as lettuce foliar amino acids concentration and weight at the beginning of the season. Ex situ experiments detected lasting effect of rye mulch on microbiota composition but not on aphid nor lettuce fitness after mulch removal. This study highlights the potential of rye mulches as a cultural practice against N. ribisnigri but does not reveal mechanisms at play while underlining agronomic challenges concerning lettuce yields.

Field experiments were conducted at three Virginia locations in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the effects of cover crop suppression method, nonselective herbicide, no-till cultivation, and herbicide banding on weed control, corn vigor, and corn yield. These factors were evaluated in experimental areas containing either a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop or in areas with no cover crop. In areas with a rye cover crop, the cover crop suppression methods evaluated were paraquat or mechanical suppression via mowing. In areas without a cover crop, paraquat was compared to a treatment without paraquat. Five selective herbicide treatments were evaluated within each level of the variable described above. These treatments included a control or no selective herbicides, a preemergence herbicide combination of atrazine plus metolachlor, and a postemergence herbicide combination of dicamba plus nicosulfuron. The preemergence and postemergence herbicides were applied either broadcast or banded over the crop row. The use of no-till, interrow cultivation was evaluated for each combination of the cover crop suppression method or nonselective herbicide and selective herbicide variables. Where a rye cover crop was present, paraquat significantly improved control of this species relative to mowing, and it provided significantly better control of most weed species and increased corn vigor and yield. In the absence of a cover crop, paraquat significantly improved weed control, but its effect on corn vigor and yield was dependent on weed pressure. Where weed pressure was moderate to heavy, paraquat significantly improved corn vigor and yield, whereas, it did not have a significant effect on these variables if weed pressure was low. In some situations, paraquat did not significantly improve late season weed control with broadcast selective herbicides, however, it provided quicker control of established weeds which significantly improved corn growth, especially in dry soil conditions. With or without a rye cover crop, cultivation did not significantly improve weed control, corn vigor, or corn yield when used with broadcast selective herbicides. Banded selective herbicides with cultivation provided weed control and corn vigor and growth equivalent to broadcast selective herbicides without cultivation if weed pressure was low. Where weed pressure is moderate to heavy, banded herbicides with cultivation did not perform as well as broadcast treatments without cultivation. Postemergence herbicides provided weed control and corn growth equivalent to preemergence herbicides, but use of effective nonselective herbicides at planting to control established weeds was critical. / Master of Science

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第25315号 / 農博第2581号 / 新制||農||1103(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 那須田 周平, 教授 田中 千尋 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Entomology / C. Michael Smith / The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (RWA), is an important pest in the U.S. Western Plains, causing hundreds of millions of dollars of losses to wheat and barley production through reduced yields and insecticide application costs. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the performance of two RWA-resistant barley varieties planted approximately one month earlier than normal in experimental fields at Fort Collins, Colorado; Tribune, Kansas; and Sidney, Nebraska during 2007, 2008, and 2009. The experimental design was a split-plot design with two main plot treatments (early and normal planting dates), and four split plot treatments (barley varieties) that were randomized within each main treatment plot. The varieties included two RWA-barley resistant varieties, Sidney and Stoneham, and the susceptible variety, Otis, under thiamethoxam-protected and unprotected regimes. Sampling of RWA, other cereal aphids, and natural enemy populations was conducted on four dates from mid May through early July. RWA populations collected from early-planted plots (first week of March) were significantly lower than normal-planted plots in 2007-2009 at the Fort Collins, Colorado and Tribune, Kansas sites. In samples collected from early planting date plots, RWA-resistant varieties yielded RWA populations similar to those found on the insecticide-treated susceptible variety at both Fort Collins and Tribune. At the Sidney, Nebraska site, very low RWA populations were present and there were no differences between either planting date or varietal treatments. The combined effect of early planting and RWA-resistant varieties reduced RWA populations at the Fort Collins, Colorado site in all three years. Results were similar at the Tribune, Kansas site in 2007, but differences due to planting date or variety were not observed in 2008 or 2009. The lowest RWA populations occurred at the Sidney, Nebraska site, were independent of planting date and varietal treatments. The RWA-resistant barley varieties had no negative impact on populations of other cereal aphids compared to those found on the susceptible variety, Otis at any of the three research sites. The only treatment effective in reducing other cereal aphids was the insecticide, thiamethoxam. There was also no clear response of populations of other cereal aphids to different planting date. Neither the RWA-resistant barley varieties nor the systemic, short residual action insecticide treatment had adverse affects on the abundance of natural enemies.

<p>The topic of this research is to explore to what extent innovation and new product development (NPD) are managed with formal and informal control mechanisms respectively and in combination in five international food industry companies. The topic deals with finding an understanding of controlling innovation processes which require freedom to some extent but at the same time are to be managed in order to keep track of the resources. Cases’ selection was designed to bring variation and catch the complexity of the phenomenon by studying one prime case and validating the results with four minor case companies’ results. The findings of the study indicate that first of all formal and informal control mechanisms coexist and interact and secondly that a more informal and personalized take is beneficial in R&D settings.</p>

The topic of this research is to explore to what extent innovation and new product development (NPD) are managed with formal and informal control mechanisms respectively and in combination in five international food industry companies. The topic deals with finding an understanding of controlling innovation processes which require freedom to some extent but at the same time are to be managed in order to keep track of the resources. Cases’ selection was designed to bring variation and catch the complexity of the phenomenon by studying one prime case and validating the results with four minor case companies’ results. The findings of the study indicate that first of all formal and informal control mechanisms coexist and interact and secondly that a more informal and personalized take is beneficial in R&amp;D settings.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-30T12:37:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielademeloaguiar.pdf: 1617352 bytes, checksum: 517dd7d07597e472de5e2a93de909b1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T11:58:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielademeloaguiar.pdf: 1617352 bytes, checksum: 517dd7d07597e472de5e2a93de909b1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T11:58:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielademeloaguiar.pdf: 1617352 bytes, checksum: 517dd7d07597e472de5e2a93de909b1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-23 / As pastagens representam recursos de importância para a atividade pecuária brasileira, tendo a cigarrinha como sua principal praga devido aos danos provocados à forrageira na estação quente e chuvosa, época que o gado deveria se recuperar da seca infringida às pastagens nos meses anteriores. Para a redução do uso de inseticidas químicos é necessário desenvolver métodos de controle alternativos. Neste cenário o controle cultural recebe destaque e a adubação balanceada constitui prática que melhora a condição nutricional do solo, com consequente suplementação no desenvolvimento da forrageira e possibilidade de indução de resistência de plantas. Portanto, com o objetivo de verificar a promoção de antibiose e tolerância, foram avaliados os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio (NPK) em plantas de Brachiaria ruziziensis (Germain & Evrard) expostas à Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) sob condição de casa-de-vegetação. Para a realização dos três experimentos foram utilizados ovos, ninfas e adultos de cigarrinhas e três diferentes doses de NPK. Ovos foram depositados ao solo em vasos contendo braquiária e após 32 dias avaliou-se a sobrevivência ninfal. Em outra etapa foram colocadas ninfas de cigarrinhas na base de plantas de braquiária e após 10 dias avaliaram-se os danos provocados pelas ninfas às plantas, assim como o crescimento, número de perfilhos, rebrota e qualidade bromatológica da forrageira. No terceiro experimento os cercopídeos adultos foram colocados em gaiolas contendo braquiária. Após cinco dias avaliaram-se os danos provocados pelo inseto às plantas e a produção de matéria seca, rebrota e qualidade bromatológica da forrageira. Verificou-se que a adubação não promoveu antibiose; entretanto a aplicação de metade da dose de NPK foi suficiente para diminuir em mais de 20% os danos causados pelo inseto à forrageira, garantir a rebrota em mais de 70% quando houve baixa infestação de ninfas e presença de adultos, proporcionar maior produção de matéria seca, aumentar o numero de perfilhos emitidos e elevar a celulose das plantas, indicando que houve a promoção de tolerância. Desta forma, conclui-se que a adubação constitui alternativa eficaz para diminuir os danos causados pela cigarrinha-das-pastagens. / Pastures represent a resource for Brazilian cattle ranching, with the spittlebug as their main pest because of the damaged caused in the hot and rainy season that cattle should be broken to recover from drought pasture during the months above. To reduce the use of chemical insecticides is necessary to develop alternative control methods. In this scenario receives prominent cultural control and fertilization is balanced practice that improves the nutritional status of soil, resulting in the development of forage supplementation and possible induction of resistance in plants. Therefore, in order to verify the promotion of antibiosis and tolerance, was evaluated the effects of different doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) in Brachiaria ruziziensis (Germain & Evrard) exposed to Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) on condition of green house. For the realization of three experiments were used eggs, nymphs and adult of spittlebug and three different doses of NPK. Eggs were deposited in the soil in pots containing brachiaria and, after 32 days, were assessed on nymphs. In another stage nymphs were placed at the base of plants of brachiaria and after 10 days evaluated the damage to plants by the nymphs and growth, tiller number, sprouting and chemical quality of forage. In the third experiment cercopidae adults were placed in cages containing Brachiaria. After five days, was evaluated the damage caused by insects to plants and dry matter production, regrowth and chemical quality of forage. It was found that fertilization did not cause antibiosis, however, the application of half dose of NPK was sufficient to decrease by more than 20% damage by insects to forage, to ensure regrowth in more than 70% when there was a low infestation of nymphs and the presence of adults, higher dry matter production, increase the number of tillers and increase cellulose plants, indicating that there was the promotion of tolerance. Thus, it is concluded that fertilization is an effective alternative to reduce the damage caused by spittlebugs.