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While most media-memory research focuses on particular cultural repository sites, memorials, traumatic events, media channels, or commemorative practices as objects of study to understand the construction of collective memory, this dissertation suggests it is our activity, participation, and interaction with digital content through multimodal platforms and social media applications that demonstrate how communities articulate shared memory in the new media landscape. This study examines the discursive interpretations of cultural heritage practitioners and participations from the Getty Research Institute, the Prelinger Archive and Library, and the Willamette Heritage Center to better understand how multimodal platforms are being used, how this use is changing the roles of the heritage practitioners and participants in the construction of meaning, and what types of multimodal memory practices are emerging. This research also underscores a reassessment of what constitutes heritage artifacts, authenticity, curatorial authority, and multimodal participation in digital cultural heritage. My methodological approach for this research takes a multilateral form of data collection, including in-depth interviewing, participant observations, and thematic analysis, informed by the theoretical frameworks of collective memory, remediation, and gatekeeping and unified by the social theories of art practice, social constructionism, symbolic interactionism, and actor-network theory. My primary recommendation from this research is that our digital practices of contributing, appropriating, repurposing, and sharing digital content represent new forms of memory practice in a multimodal context. I propose that these multimodal memory practices of interacting with digital content using different devices across different networks coalesce into platformed communities of memory, where communities are shaped and collective memory is shared by our interaction through social networks. I suggest that we need to think of social media output and metadata as being new forms of cultural heritage artifacts and legitimate social records. I also contend that metadata analysis presents new considerations and opportunities for studying the memory of digital content and institutional memory. It is my hope that these conclusions clarify our contemporary memory practices in the digital era so that we can better understand whose voices will be most prominent in the future articulation of how we remember the past.

Antes de possuir legislação específica de proteção do patrimônio cultural, a cidade de Santos sofreu perdas consideráveis em relação a sua memória edificada, decorrentes da modernização e ampliação de seu porto, impulsionadas pela economia de exportação. No sentido de se contrapor a essas perdas, surgiram a partir dos anos 1970 diversas manifestações e debates favoráveis à preservação em Santos. Desta maneira, foram feitos diversos pedidos de tombamentos aos órgãos oficiais de preservação e no final dos anos 1980 teve início o processo de implantação de políticas de preservação no Município, com a criação do Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Cultural de Santos (CONDEPASA). Assim, os objetivos desta pesquisa são contextualizar o papel desempenhado pelos órgãos de preservação, Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Artístico, Arqueológico e Turístico (CONDEPHAAT) e CONDEPASA, além de apresentar e analisar os Programas de Municipais de Preservação que contribuíram para a revitalização do centro histórico. Para melhor compreensão deste processo serão também analisadas quatro obras de restauração: Casarão Branco da Praia, Outeiro de Santa Catarina, Teatro Guarany e Casarões do Valongo. / Before it has specific legislation for the protection of cultural heritage, the city of Santos suffered considerable losses in relation to its built memory, with the modernization and expansion of its port, driven by the export economy. In opposing to these losses, several manifestations and debates emerged from the 1970s in favor of preservation in Santos. In this way, several requests for registration were made to the official preservation agencies and in the late 1980s the process of implementing preservation policies in the Municipality began, with the creation of the Council for the Defense of the Cultural Heritage of Santos (CONDEPASA). Thus, the objectives of this research are to contextualize the role played by the preservation organs, the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), the Council for the Defense of Historic, Artistic, Archaeological and Tourist Heritage (CONDEPHAAT) and CONDEPASA, besides presenting and analyzing The Municipal Preservation Programs that contributed to the revitalization of the historic center. To better understand this process, four restoration works will also be analyzed: Casarão Branco da Praia, Outeiro de Santa Catarina, Guarany Theater and Casarões do Valongo.

Esta dissertação de Mestrado discorre sobre a Industrialização de Sorocaba (SP), tendo como caso de estudo as primeiras grandes indústrias têxteis da cidade fundadas entre os anos de 1881 e 1913. Trata-se das indústrias: Fábrica Nossa Senhora da Ponte, Fábrica Santa Rosália, Fábrica Santa Maria, Alvejaria, Tinturaria e Estamparia São Paulo e Fábrica Santo Antônio. Inserido dentro da temática do patrimônio industrial, procuramos dialogar sobre os porquês de esses exemplares serem dignos de preservação, analisando o que foi feito pelo poder público e pela sociedade civil em prol deste objetivo, expondo diversas incongruências na maneira como se sucedeu essa preservação. Apoiada em uma rica documentação fotográfica, buscamos apresentar um levantamento histórico das cinco fábricas salientando as inter-relações existentes entre elas, desde a fundação, até os dias atuais. Além disso, também utilizamos de documentos relacionados aos processos de tombamento, juntamente com uma extensa pesquisa em jornais de época, entrevistas com ex-funcionários e antigos proprietários, e também visitas de campo, permitindo assim um quadro abrangente dos objetos de estudo. Por fim, salientamos não termos colhido respostas definitivas às questões pesquisadas, mas indagações para futuras novas pesquisas que possam trazer esperança de que seja possível modificar a postura para com esses bens, tanto da parte dos órgãos públicos de preservação, quanto da sociedade sorocabana em geral, assegurando assim que as futuras gerações tenham acesso ao enorme conhecimento que estes bens, verdadeiros documentos históricos, são detentores. / This master\'s degree dissertation discourses about the industrialization of Sorocaba (SP), having as a case study the early big textile industries of the town, founded between the years of 1881 and 1913. These are the following: Fábrica Nossa Senhora da Ponte, Fábrica Santa Rosália, Fábrica Santa Maria, Alvejaria, Tinturaria e Estamparia São Paulo e Fábrica Santo Antônio. Inserted in the set of themes of industrial heritage, we have sought to talk about the reasons for these specimens to be worth of preservation, by analyzing what was done by the Public Law and by the civil society in favor of this objective and by exposing several incongruences in the way how this preservation took place. Based on a rich photographic documentation, we sought to present a historical survey of the five factories, pointing out the interrelations existing among them, from the foundation until the present days. Apart from that, we also made use of documents related to the processes of governmental trust, along with an extensive research in seasonable newspapers, interviews with former employees and old owners, and likewise visitations to sites, thus allowing a comprehensive picture of the objects of study. In the end, we emphasized not having collected definite answers to the researched questions, but inquiries for future new researches that might bring hope that modifying the attitude towards these movables might be possible, both from the preservation public agencies\' side and from the Sorocabana society\'s in general, thus assuring that the forthcoming generations may have access to the massive knowledge of which those movables, veritable historical documents, are detainers.

Since the fall of Saddam Hussein and the expulsion of the Ba’ath Party, sweeping political reforms dramatically changed the Republic of Iraq and how government protects and manages its cultural resources. The slow rise of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the rapid invasion of the Islamic State (ISIL) have upended current cultural property policies. I study the varying and overlapping constraints on heritage management practice in Iraq since the 2011 withdrawal of United States-led Coalition forces in three separate articles. The first article discusses the emergence of the Kurdistan Regional Government General Directorate of Antiquities (KRG-GDA) in Erbil as a parallel institution to the State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) in Baghdad, and how its legally ambiguous status introduced change to Iraqi cultural resource management policy and practice. I compare and contrast the organizational structure and antiquities laws KRG-GDA and SBAH and I deduce how the existence of two occasionally conflicting bureaucratic entities may negatively affect political relations between Erbil and Baghdad. In the second article I study how regional economic fluctuations in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have a direct impact on the local protection of archaeological resources in the area of Soran. I review the emergency excavations conducted by Rowanduz Archaeological Program (RAP) and how real estate development, infrastructure expansion, agriculture, and unemployment pose tangible threats to archaeology. In light of these pressures, I recommend policy solutions to be incorporated into future economic and political reforms proposed by the KRG. The final article discusses the rise of the ISIL and its iconoclastic campaign against places of worship, archaeological sites, educational repositories, and their contents in Syria and northern Iraq. I analyze noteworthy episodes of intentional destruction perpetrated by ISIL and I discuss how the organization both tactically and economically profits from these attacks. I also discuss how diplomatic reactions to these attacks on culture may inadvertently support fundamentalist ideology, and I propose more effective governmental responses to erode support for ISIL that also reduce the profitability of destruction, vandalism, and looting. / 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z

Esta pesquisa visou estudar um período da História da Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural na Argentina, entre 1938-1946, anos durante os quais Ricardo Levene foi presidente da Comisión Nacional de Museos y de Monumentos y Lugares Históricos (CNMMyLH). Procedeu-se da concepção de que a preservação do patrimônio é uma ação cultural, ou seja, produto de um tempo e espaço determinado, e de que existiu a pretensão de resgatar, através do patrimônio tombado pela Comissão, uma memória específica para contribuir para a construção de uma idéia de Nação Argentina. Para isso se objetivou estudar o contexto no qual se inseriu a ação da Comissão, os agentes que nela atuaram, as idéias orientadoras do grupo, os valores que resgataram, as particularidades da gestão, o patrimônio que estabeleceram, as características da intervenção física no patrimônio. Para tanto, articularam-se várias pesquisas: a realizada nos Boletins da CNMMyLH (1938-1946), a análise dos Decretos de Tombamento dos Bens definidos como Patrimônio, os textos elaborados pelos personagens vinculados ao trabalho da Comissão, e a desenvolvida nos arquivos da Dirección General de Arquitectura (DGA) em Córdoba. Esta abordagem permitiu tomar, como ponto de partida, o entendimento geral da ação da CN, de suas palavras, de seus ritos e procedimentos, para chegar ao estudo de um exemplo concreto de intervenção: aquela realizada durante a década de 1940 no Conjunto Jesuítico da Igreja da Companhia de Jesus e da Residência dos Padres, em Córdoba, Argentina. / This paper studied a period of the History of the Cultural Heritage Preservation in Argentina, between 1938 and 1946, the years when Ricardo Levene was the president of the Comisión Nacional de Museos y de Monumentos y Lugares Historicos (CNMMyLH). The work started with the concept that the heritage preservation is a cultural action, in other words, product of a specific time and space, and that there was the intent to rescue, through the definition of the preserved heritage, a specific memory to contribute to the construction of a concept of Argentinean Nation. The context in which the commission action was inserted, the people who acted in it, the advising ideas of the group, the values which have been rescued, the peculiarities of the management, the established heritage and the characteristics of the physical intervention on the heritage have all been studied in order to achieve this. Some research has been done in order to complete these objectives: The one performed on the CNMMyLH bulletins (1938-1946), analysis of the Decree-Laws that defined the heritage, the texts created by the characters related to the work of the Commission, and the one developed in the files of the Dirección General de Arquitectura (DGA) in Córdoba. This approach has allowed the general understanding of the action of the CN, their words, their rites and procedures, to be taken as a ground zero, in order to study a concrete case of intervention in the heritage: The one done during the 1940s in the Church and Residence buildings of the Jesuit Fathers in Córdoba City, Argentina.

This thesis represents the first effort to catalogue extant timber slab houses of 19th century Canberra and its outlying regions. From an archaeological viewpoint, it looks at slab houses as above-ground artefacts that possess ingrained information about the culture that built them and analyses them as material culture through an investigation of their: history, material, construction, function and design. It is inspired by the work of folk historian, Henry Glassie, and focuses on form and pattern, through a comparison of floor plans, in order to understand the needs, minds and behaviours of early Canberrans. The thesis also draws on the historic documentary record of a similar local group of houses, those resumed by the Commonwealth in 1912-13.

This thesis is a critical review of Taman Sari, Yogyakarta in particular how the Old City Planning including the Pleasure Garden which has multi functions was established in Indonesia during the ancient time ( in the past ), the development during the Dutch era, and current conditions and how the future generation should take care of the place. The discussions, analysis, synthesis and assumption were done based on the literature study, the ICOMOS Burra Charter, the China Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites, and the Indonesia Law in Cultural Heritage. In the research it has been found that Taman Sari which is located in Yogyakarta was built for several reasons and functions, such as resting area, recreation area, practicing area, traditional activities and workshops, meditation area and also defense area. One line of this research is that the use of plants which had been planted in Taman Sari area was related with the tradition, symbolism and the daily needs. As assumption in this research some plants possibly are classified as a Javanese traditional plant. A series of photographs which have been taken from different time support the analysis of this research report. At the end of the report there is a recommendation to the Indonesia Government for maintaining the cultural heritage asset value, because this could be a national valuable asset which could be handed to the future generation. Based on the Guidelines to the Burra Charter define we Cultural Significance as : .....a concept which helps in estimating the value of places. The places that are likely to be of significance are those which help an understanding of the past or enrich the present, and which will be of value to the future generations.

<p>This paper deals with approaches toward the conservation of archaeological heritage among different people and different institutions in Samoa. This is compared with approaches toward ecology and preservation of the environment to find out if there are similarities and/or differences. Moreover the opinions on how the public perceive the material heritage is compared with a survey of the public itself and their ideas concerning archaeology. The investigation was carried out by conducting interviews with people working within different institutions, NGO’s and schools as well as representatives from the general population i.e. people without education in conservation and cultural heritage. Possibilities of co-conserving the cultural and ecological values are also examined, as is the relation between culture and a natural feature - the mangroves.<strong></strong></p> / <p>Uppsatsen behandlar åsikter och attityder hos allmänheten och olika institutioner på Samoa gällandebevarandet av det arkeologiska kulturarvet. Detta jämförs med en likande studie gällande bevarandetav miljömässiga och ekologiska värden på Samoa för att se om det finns likheter och skillnader. Studieninkluderar också en undersökning av hur allmänheten ser på det materiella kulturarvet och derasförhållande till och kundkap om arkeologi. Undersökningarna gjordes genom ett intervjuprojekt där desom intervjuades representerade både institutioner, organisationer, skolor och allmänheten, densistnämnda gruppen hade ingen formell kunskap om kulturarvet och dess hantering. Inom ramen förstudien undersöktes också möjligheterna för att samarbeta när det gäller hanteringen och bevarandetav kulturella och ekologiska värden t.ex. gällande mangroveområden.</p>

This study concerns a selection of prehistoric metal objects of animalistic design, published at the internet site of the Swedish Statens Historiska Museum. It seeks to give an impression of the design elements used, and to find likely models for the motifs among live animals. The method used is a qualitative hermenuetic comparative study of objects, where the distinct significant design elements are being identified and interpretated. Several significant design elements are identified, and some are interpretated as representing certain animals. The amalgamation of differentiating design elements in some objects however, leads to interpretations of compound animal motifs, where some motifs are considered ambiguous and some are rendered uninterpretated. The study also points to the question of relations between period motifs, mythology and religious cult.