L'Espagne, dont on a abondamment salué la Transition est loin d'avoir réglé tous ses comptes avec le passé. Les premiers temps de la démocratie furent à la prudence sur le terrain politique et social. Les années 90 déferlèrent ensuite, inondant le pays de leur libéralisme triomphant. L'Espagne postmoderne connut, en même temps que la croissance effrénée et la «spectacularisation» servie par une télévision dotée d'ubiquité, l'inversion des flux migratoires. L'ancienne métropole attira principalement des Latino-américains et, alors que rien n'avait préparé la société espagnole à l'interculturalité et que les écrans, voués au divertissement, rendaient les étrangers invisibles, les préjugés racistes et xénophobes sentant encore l'ethnocentrisme colonialiste, ressurgirent. 2008 marqua le début de la crise économique en Espagne et de la dégradation des conditions de vie de ses habitants qui donne naissance à une nouvelle classe sociale, le «précariat». Locaux et étrangers se retrouvent dans la contestation et dans l'exigence d'un autre modèle de société pour l'ère méta-postmoderne. Internet est le lieu de rencontre de ceux qui s'indignent et qui accusent les media traditionnels de complicité avec le système qu'ils rejettent. / Spain's transition towards democracy has widely been acclaimed. Yet it is far from settling all its scores with the past. During the early days of democracy prudence prevailed in the political and social field. Then the 90s swept in and the country was overwhelmed by economic liberalism. In post-modern Spain growth rocketed and was served by an all pervading television which turned everything into a show. Meanwhile the migratory flow was reversed. The old mother country chiefly attracted South Americans. Foreigners were made invisible by a television dedicated to entertainment. Hence Spanish people were not ready to face cultural diversity and old racist prejudice reeking of colonial ethnocentricity reappeared. The economic crisis hit Spain in 2008 and living conditions deteriorated giving birth to a new social class «the precariat». Natives and foreigners protest together demanding a new model of society for the meta post-modern era. Internet is the meeting point for those who feel outraged (indignants, indignados) and accuse the traditional media of complicity with a system they reject.

Cette thèse se propose d'étudier le lien existant entre les lieux et les sites naturels d'une part, les modèles de cité de l'autre. Le contexte analysé est celui des villes de fondation, c'est-à-dire des villes planifiées et créées en un temps court, totalement constituées, résultant de modèles formels complets et le plus souvent engendrées par un pouvoir centralisé ou une décision concentrée. Dans l'histoire des villes, on peut dire que les villes de fondation réalisées les plus importantes sont les villes idéales grecques, les villes romaines, les villes royales, les villes coloniales européennes, les villes de l'industrie. Au XXe siècle les occasions de créer des ensembles urbains se raréfient au profit de l'extension. Toutefois plusieurs pays ont procédé à des créations des villes de tertiaire : le Brésil avec Brasilia, l'Inde avec Chandigarh et Navi Mumbai (New Bombay), la Chine avec Shenzhen, la Grande-Bretagne avec les New Towns comme c'est le cas de Milton Keynes, la France avec les Villes Nouvelles, dont Marne-la-Vallée ou encore La Grande-Motte. L'imaginaire et les outils de projet se sont par ailleurs nourries d'un important corpus de villes théoriques ou utopiques (de Fourrier à Le Corbusier en passant par Arturo Soria y Mata) et de villes littéraires, le texte le plus célèbre restant Les Villes Invisibles d'Italo Calvino. La fabrication des villes de fondation est toujours une actualité à nos jours. On a assisté récemment à l'achèvement aux nouvelles capitales de la Birmanie et de la Malaisie, tandis que la fabrication de la nouvelle capitale pour la Corée du Sud a dépassé la phase du projet pour entrer dans celle de la réalisation. La question d'une nouvelle capitale de l'Indonésie se pose actuellement dans l'urgence. Cette recherche établira donc la genèse des villes de fondation, en particulier des modèles préexistants qui la sous-tendent : une attention sera portée sur le moment, les acteurs, les contextes de la décision de création, l'autre sera la relation entre la forme de la ville projetée, les données du site, de la société, des fonctions du lieu d'implantation, la réalisation effective pour mettre en évidence la prise en compte ou la non-prise en compte de ces contextes. Au terme de ce travail, on peut affirmer que les villes de fondation et la fabrication des villes de fondation sont un phénomène universel, qui se manifeste tout au long de l'histoire, à travers toutes les époques, en toutes aires géographiques. Y a-t-il alors une structure dans le processus de production qui soit commune à tous les types de villes de fondation, dans laquelle se nouerait un lien structurel entre les trois paramètres de la fabrication : les lieux, les modèles et les acteurs. Après un parcours dans l'histoire longue, à partir d'ouvrages existants, documentant les principales civilisations ayant produit des villes de fondation, la recherche portera sur un échantillon de villes du XXe siècle, en particulière les villes de tertiaire d'après-guerre : Brasilia (Brésil), Chandigarh (Inde), Marne la Vallée, La Grande Motte (France), Milton Keynes (Angleterre), et la ville de l'industrie, Magnitogorsk (U.R.S.S.) / This thesis proposes a study of the existing relationship between places and natural sites on one hand, and the city models on the other hand. The analysed context is the one of the new towns, that is to say the short term planified, totally constituted and realised cities, resulting from complete formal models, most of the time engendered by a centralised power or a concentrated decision.In the history of cities, we can assume that the most important realised new towns are the greek cities, the roman cities, the royal cities, the european colonial cities and the industrial cities. During the 20th century, the opportunities to create urban development become rare in aid of the extensions. However, several countries carried out creations of service cities : Brasil with Brasilia, India with Chandigarh and Navi Mumbai (New Bombay), China with Shenzhen, Great-Britain with the New Towns such as Milton Keynes, France with the Villes Nouvelles (New Towns), like Marne-la-Vallée or La Grande-Motte. Moreover, the project imaginary and tools grew with an important sample of theoretical and utopian cities (from Fourrier to Le Corbusier via Arturo Soria y Mata) and of literary cities, the most famous text being Invisible Cities from Italo Calvino. The making of the new towns is still topical today. We assisted recently to the consecration of the Malaysia and Myanmar capital cities, while the new South Korea capital encompassed the project phase to become real. And the possibility of a new capital for Indonesia is more than ever an emergency. The present research will thus establish the genesis of the new towns, in particular of the pre-existing models which sustain them : on one hand, we will have a specific attention to the moment, the actors and the contexts of the creation decision ; on the other hand, we will study the relationship between the form of the projected city, the site and society datas, the functions of the settlement place and the effective realisation, in order to bring to the fore if theses different contexts were taken into account or not. At the end of this research, we can say that the new towns and the making of the new towns is a universal phenomenon, which appears all along history, through all the ages and in all parts of the world. Thus, is there a structure in the process of production that is common to all types of new towns, in which we could detect a link between the 3 making parameters : the sites, the models and the actors? After a journey throughout history, from existing books, documenting the main civilizations which created new towns, the research will focus on a sample of 20th century cities, in particular the service cities after world war II : Brasilia (Brasil), Chandigarh (India), Marne-la-Vallée and La Grande-Motte (France), Milton Keynes (England), and the industry city of Magnitogorsk (U.S.S.R.)

The purpose was to analyze Turkey's current music teacher training curriculum as situated in the centralized educational system, focusing on the extent to which the written document (1) reflects the core elements of the overall centralized educational system; (2) prescribes the nature of teaching materials and methods, assessment tools and other forms of evaluating and monitoring performance as teachers and musicians; and (3) acknowledges cultural diversity by addressing repertoire, musical activities and concepts according to geographic and cultural regions. Qualitative-descriptive and quantitative content analysis, including the methods of (a) Inverse document frequency and (b) relevance feedback model, were the analytic tools. Of the required 147 credit hours, 138 are the core. The music core consists of 87 (63%) and the non-music core of 51 credit hours (37%). On paper, there is a conceptual overlap in wording between the music core, the general core, and the teacher training core, suggesting curricular cohesion and consistency. Noticeably less cohesion exists between the document and three major policy papers on teacher competencies. By word count, preparing teachers for instruction in Turkish folk music and multicultural issues appears to hold a low priority in the curriculum. However, course descriptions, where they exist, speak to skills and knowledge linked to performing and understanding Turkish folk and art music, not Western art music alone. Missing from those descriptions is any reference to teaching materials and methods, specific assessment tools, and other forms of evaluating and monitoring students. With reference to works by Max Weber, Karl Mannheim, and Robert Merton, the study concludes with a discussion about issues and problems inherent in a centralized teacher program that seeks to prepare music teachers for a culturally diverse society.

The purpose of this study is to examine the cultural relevance of the Peacebuilders model. The study shows that programs such as Peacebuilders need to address concepts of culture that will enhance the diversity of program participants. Many schools and school districts are utilizing these programs to head off student violence, resolve student conflicts and premote school wide harmony.

Cultural diversity in a global community demands our tolerant understanding of one another. Participatory art projects can be instrumental in facilitating equal-footing en­counters and creative communication between people from different cultures that transcend language barriers. Used as a methodology for synergistic exchange and exploration, they represent a useful tool for the study and advancement of alternative solutions to development-related themes, particularly where non-verbal communication is either essential or advantageous.This report considers an independent arts-based project, “How to Talk to Dragons”, which was carried out in Phnom Penh, Cambodia by cultural workers from Berlin. The inter-cultural project chose the art form of shadow puppetry to explore the country’s culture and the experiences of its people, and to exchange ideas and perspectives in an engaging and socially just forum. The question guiding this cultural voyage of discovery was how the symbolic dragon, a mythical creature with a global resonance but subject to different perceptions in Europe and Asia, might be used as an agent for opening the way to revealing insights into human nature.The report also explores the links between How to Talk to Dragons and ComDev practices and, by incorporating an auto-ethnographic approach, considers how this method can serve to provide a better understanding of practice and add value to project analysis from a practitioner's perspective.It finds that open concept projects offer an exceptional flexibility to adapt to local and cultural conditions and makes the case for the Cambodian shadow theatre known as Sbek Touch (literal meaning: small leather) as a valuable emancipatory tool for promoting communication across social, economic and cultural borders. It recommends further studies into its potential for raising and identifying sometimes controversial issues in a humorous manner and for uncovering collective solutions, particularly among marginalized communities and classes. Ultimately, the report points to Hooks’ “Practice of Love” as an overarching concept that can inform and transform activities designed to engage with and embrace diversity.

Diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem změny vnitropodnikové komunikace ve vybrané mezinárodní společnosti působící v oblasti IT služeb. Předmětem výzkumu v analytické části je zmapování vztahů místních zaměstnanců k jejich vedoucím a kolegům pocházejících z odlišných národních kultur. Dále je pak zkoumán vliv kulturních odlišností na aplikovaný způsob řízení a komunikaci v rámci mezinárodního týmu. Na základě výsledků výzkumu provedeného mezi zaměstnanci společnosti formou dotazníkového šetření jsou v návrhové části společnosti doporučena opatření vedoucí k zefektivnění komunikace v rámci společnosti a zefektivnění spolupráce v rámci multikulturního týmu.

Hlavním cílem této diplomové práce je navrhnout efektivní přípravu pro expatrioty na profesionální působení v Albánské republice. Pro dosažení tohoto cíle autorka práce naplní jednotlivé cíle. Nejprve bude prozkoumána teorie dané problematiky a také související výzkumy. Hlavním cílem analytické části práce je provést dotazníkový výzkum mezi expatrioty, kteří v současnosti pracují nebo v milulých letech pracovali v Albánii a analyzovat jeho výsledky.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une nouvelle lecture du Devisement du Monde – connu également sous le titre du Livre des Merveilles, La Description du Monde ou Il Milione – axée sur le regard que porte Marco Polo sur ses contemporains de l’autre bout du monde et la réception qui lui est réservée. Parti dans le contexte des croisades qui réduit l’opposition Orient/Occident à la dualité sarrasin/chrétien, le jeune Marco Polo se retrouve, au travers de ses voyages et à la cour de Kubilai Khan, dans une problématique beaucoup plus vaste, où pratiques et croyances multiples s’inscrivent dans des courants philosophiques jusqu’alors peu connus en Occident. « L’observateur des religions », comme le nomme Philippe Ménard, semble être véritablement fasciné par cette diversité culturelle et religieuse qu’il relève durant son séjour dans l’empire mongol. Tant de nouveautés sont difficiles à assimiler et surtout à rapporter. Nous nous intéressons à la forme que prennent ces descriptions à l’intérieur d’un récit aux versions et traductions multiples, dans un contexte historique et littéraire marqué par les guerres de religion et de pouvoir. Dans la poursuite des travaux de C. Dutschke et de C. Gadrat sur la réception, ce travail de recherche s’appuie sur l’étude diachronique de dix manuscrits et de six éditions du Devisement du monde datant de la première moitié du XIVe siècle jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle. Nous envisageons cette réception du texte, non pas sous l’angle de l’usage du récit polien par d’autres auteurs ou au regard de sa diffusion, mais à partir du texte lui-même, du paratexte ainsi que des enluminures et des illustrations. Ces éléments renseignent sur la manière dont le texte est reçu au cours des siècles, et sont porteurs des attentes du public potentiel qui évoluent elles-mêmes avec le temps. La numérisation systématique des versions/traductions retenues, ainsi que l’usage d’outils d’analyse de données textuelles permettent de concilier une lecture attentive du texte et une analyse quantitative au-delà de l’approche linéaire traditionnelle. / The main goal of this dissertation is to propose a new reading and approach of Marco Polo’s Travels, also known as the Devisement du monde, the Description of the World or Il Milione. This study is based both on Marco Polo’s description of people living on the other side of the world and on the critical reception of his book. When Marco Polo left Venice, the prevailing opposition between West and East was mainly grounded in the duality opposing Christians and Saracens. However, through his travels and during his stay at Kubilai Khan’s Mongol court, the young man embraced more complex issues relating to religious beliefs and practices related to philosophical movements barely known in the Western world.“The observer of religions”, as historian P. Ménard calls him, seems to be fascinated by the cultural and religious diversity he encounters during his stay in the Mongol empire. So, many differences with his own culture were difficult to absorb and to report. In this study, we particularly focus on the many versions and translations of these descriptions, written in a context of political and religious turmoil. Following the works of C. Dutschke and C. Gadrat on the reception theory applied to the Travels, this diachronic research is founded on ten manuscripts and six editions dating from the early 14th century until the late 19th century. The impact of Marco Polo’s account is not studied here through the circulation of his Travels or according to the number of authors mentioning it in their own writings, but is rather established in relation to the text itself, along with the paratext, miniatures and illustrations. All these elements provide valuable information concerning its reception through ages, and about the expectations of the potential audience, which also evolved over time. All the versions and translations of our corpus have been digitized, and thanks to text analysis tools, we were able to reconcile close reading and data processing while analyzing the text.

No description available.

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is comprised of fifty-six ethnic groups that inherent diverse cultural traditions. The largest of these ethnic groups is the 汉［Han］and the remaining fifty-five ethnic groups are given the name 少数民族, [ethnic minority]. The Communist government describes China as a unified multinational country. On the one hand, Chinese scholars and national policies advocate presentation of cultural diversity in China’s education system; on the other hand, they emphasized that diverse ethnic minorities contribute to a single united Chinese nationality as a whole, which is given the term Chinese nationality--中华民族. The purpose of this study is to examine the K1–9 music textbooks—a series of texts titled simply 音乐 [Music]—designed by the Curricula and Textbooks Designing Centre at the Ministry of Education of the PRC. The study aims to understand how China’s government and scholars frequently represent China’s ethnic musical traditions by these widely used music textbooks in the mainland of the PRC. This central issues are addressed by the research question include: 1. How are ethnic musical traditions introduced to students in the textbooks? 2. How are musical and cultural differences between ethnic minorities and Han-Chinese represented in the textbooks? 3. Whose cultural values and ideologies are signified in the selected ethnic musical materials and subjects of the textbooks? This study applies the methodology of document analysis; research findings are discussed based on relevant theories of liberalism along with authenticity in cultural representation. The study concludes that Communist China is very concerned by ethnic separatism so that Chinese nationality (as a whole) and political unity of the country is enforced in education. The curriculum reflects the core value of socialism and patriotism. The ethnic music materials represented in those nationally used, government-designed textbooks enhance ethnic integration and cultural unity of the Chinese nationality as a whole. As a result, the textbook contents mostly reflect values of moral education emphasized in many national education policies, which address patriotism and national unity rather than authentically present ethnic music and cultures. / 2017-10-02T00:00:00Z