(in English): Archeology is a science interpreting the past. In every interpretation of the past, there are some conceptual assumptions present that may be imperceptible at first sight. The aim of this primarily theoretical work is to make these assumptions more visible. The thesis is mainly based on the renowned archaeologist Ian Hodder, whose work is presented on the contrast between processual and postprocessual archeology. The greatest attention is paid to Hodder's current theory of Entanglement, which combines the work into one whole and sets its overall tone. Entanglement is a theory dealing with relationships and dependencies between people and things. Interpretation, critical evaluation and summary of related approaches is successively presented. Theory of Entanglement is set within a broader framework of archaeological theoretical discourse, which can be termed as relational archeology. The common denominators of relational archaeologies are the emphasis on relations, interest in the materiality of things and the effort to confront dualisms, such as the relationship of locality and globality. Symmetrical archeology primarily based on the work of Bruno Latour is introduced in one of the chapters. The final section in the spirit of Hodder's theory and relational archaeology deals with the...

Name: Analysis of offensive futsal combinations and their practice Aims: The diploma thesis aims to analyse the offensive game combinations of an elite futsal FIFA team from the point of view of the progression of the match, with focus on its training methods. Methods: The thesis expertly evaluates video recordings of Kazakhstan team from its impersonal and structured observing. To interpret the data, qualitative approach was used, as based on notational analysis and graphical diagrams. Results: The thesis records the game co-operations which are the most important to successfully finish the offensive. It discovers several variations of gradual offensive with the emphasis on the detail of its execution. It also describes and illustrates the scheme of the "power play." The results are followed by the suggested training methods. Key words: tactics, strategy, technique, shooting, power play, World cup

Title: Gradient boosted segmentation of retinal fundus images Author: Matúš Goliaš Department: Department of Software and Computer Science Education Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Elena Šikudová PhD., Department of Software and Computer Science Education Abstract: Over the recent years, there has been an increase in the use of automatic methods in medical diagnosis. A significant number of publications have analysed eye disorders and diseases. One of the most severe eye conditions is glaucoma. It damages optic nerves and causes gradual loss of vision. An essential step towards a faster diagnosis of this disease is accurate segmentation of the optic disc and cup. This task is difficult due to many retinal defects, different image acquisition techniques, and artefacts caused by imaging devices. This thesis describes an iterative threshold-based algorithm for extraction of the optic disc. An objective function quantifying object similarity to the optic disc is defined to direct the iteration. Following that, we introduce a superpixel-based classification algorithm for extraction of the optic cup. We propose the use of gradient boosted decision trees which outperform random forest and support vector machine. In addition, we evaluate the proposed algorithms and their alternatives on a publicly available retinal fundus...

SyfteDenna studies syfte var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan mellantid och sluttid på sprint prologer för herrar i världscuptävlingar, samt undersöka om förklaringsgraden för detta samband skiljer sig mellan tävlingsbanor med olika banprofil baserat på antal höjdmeter fram till mellantiden (CTC).MetoderAnalysen gjordes genom att ladda ner samtliga resultat från prologer från världscupen innehållande en mellantid efter 500-1000 m från säsongen 2017/2018 till 2019-2020. Sluttid, slutplacering och tid och placering vid mellantidsstation användes i den statistiska analysen. CTC beräknades genom att dividera klättrade höjdmeter från start till mellantid med respektive banas distans från start till mellantid. Baserat på olika banors CTC delades banorna in i 2 grupper, Level 1 (L1) banor med CTC ≤ 0,040 m/m och Level 2 (L2) CTC > 0,040 m/m. För att bestämma om datan var normalfördelad användes Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Datan analyserades sedan med hjälp av Pearsons korrelation för att beräkna korrelationskoefficienten (r) vilken sedan kvadrerades för att få förklaringsgraden (r2).ResultatKorrelationsanalysen som genomförts visar ett signifikant resultat mellan mellantid och sluttid för alla analyserade prologer (0,63 < r < 0,95; alla p < 0,001). Mellantiden förklarar 76 ± 12 % av variationen i sluttid, men ingen signifikant skillnad sågs för förklaringsgraden mellan tävlingsbanor med olika CTCSlutsatserSlutsatserna som kan dras av denna studie är att ett bra resultat vid mellantiden med stor sannolikhet kommer ge ett bra slutresultat, oberoende av banprofil. Framtida forskning behövs för att utvärdera vilken taktik åkarna väljer. / PurposeThe aim of this present study was to investigate if there is any correlation between intermediate station time and finish time in men’s cross-country ski sprint World Cup prologue. The second purpose was to identify if the correlation could depend on the morphology of the analysed courses. Methods Analyses were made on sprint prologues in World Cup, involving an intermediate time after 500-1000m from season 2017/2018 to 2019-2020. Intermediate time and finish time were used in statistical analysis. A coefficient of terrain characteristics (CTC) was calculated by dividing the high difference (HD) from the start to the position of the intermediate time station by the respectively covered distance. Based on CTC the different courses were categorized in two groups. Leve 1 (L1) courses with a CTC ≤ 0,040 m/m and Level 2 (L2) courses with a CTC > 0,040 m/m. To identify if data were normally distributed Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. The data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation to calculate the coefficient of variation (r) which was then squared to obtain the coefficient of determination (r2).ResultsThe correlation analysis shows that there were significant relationships between intermediate time and finish time for all analysed sprint prologues (0,63 < r < 0,95; all p < 0,001). Intermediate time explains 76 ± 12 % of the variation in finish time, while no significant difference was seen for the determination coefficients between race tracks with different CTCConclusionsFast times at the intermediate time stations will most likely give good finish times, independent of terrain characteristics (CTC). Further researches are needed to evaluate which pacing profile skiers are using.

Nutrifish es un proyecto que nace de la idea de brindar nutrición a los consumidores, entre ellos, su principal público objetivo son las madres amas de casa encargadas de llenar las despensas del hogar. A lo largo del camino, encontramos dificultades, pros y contras de realizar la comercialización del producto, sin embargo, con las herramientas y conceptos básicos aprendidos a lo largo de la carrera, pudimos determinar que el balance era positivo y la rentabilidad atractiva. Nutrifish fue el resultado de realizar una lluvia de ideas, las cuales abarcaban desde temas de salud, hasta opciones lúdicas, por ende, los cimientos del proyecto eran bastante débiles, se fueron fortaleciendo a medida que tomábamos conocimiento sobre el mercado de productos precocinados y el manejo interno de sus marcas. A continuación, les mostraremos el camino recorrido por nuestro grupo de trabajo. / Nutrifish is a proyect born from the idea of taking nutrition to a certain number of costumers, its main target are the housewifes, in charge of filling the house storerooms. Along the way we’ve found some difficulties, pros and cons of the commercialization of the product, however, the tools and basic concepts learnt to this day, we found ourselves able to establish a positive balance and an attractive profitability. Nutrifish was the result of a brainstorming, the group went from healthy themes to playful options, thus, the foundations of the project were certainly weak, and we strengthened them by taking knowledge of the precooked food market and the internal management of their brands. In the following paragraphs, we’ll show you the way taken by our work group. / Trabajo de investigación

Das Projekt cITIcar bietet ein breites Spektrum für das Lehrangebot im Bereich der (Technischen) Informatik und der Ingenieur-Informatik. Aus dem Themengebiet der Eingebetteten Systeme kann sowohl die Prototypenentwicklung als auch die Mikroprozessorprogrammierung und das Arbeiten mit Echtzeitsystemen am cITIcar erlernt werden. Typische Aufgaben aus der Regelungstechnik können am Fahrzeug durchgeführt und verschiedene Probleme aus der Längs- und der Querregelung von den Studierenden gelöst werden. Zusätzlich bietet das cITIcar Potential für Aufgaben aus dem Bereich der Computer Vision und des Machine Learnings: Fahrbahnranddetektion, Schilderkennung oder Fahrbahnsegementierung sind nur wenige Beispiele für Lehraufgaben am cITIcar. Sowohl die Lehrmodule als auch die Projektarbeit am cITIcar wurden durch die Pandemie vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Um die Onlinelehre im Projekt zu verbessern, wurden verschiedene Werkzeuge und Techniken in der Lehre integriert. In dieser Arbeit werden diese Werkzeuge und Techniken, sowie die damit gewonnenen Erfahrungen dargelegt.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20076号 / 医博第4169号 / 新制||医||1018(附属図書館) / 33192 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 影山 龍一郎, 教授 斎藤 通紀, 教授 高橋 淳 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21620号 / 医博第4426号 / 新制||医||1033(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 平井 豊博, 教授 宮本 享, 教授 福田 和彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Cup marks are often described in historical records as belonging to the fairies of Swedish folklore, hence going under the name “fairy mills” or “elf mills” (in Swedish älvkvarn). The name derives from the belief that the fairies used the cups as their mills for grinding seed. There are many different theories as to what the original purpose behind the creation of the cup marks are, but the only thing that we know is that humans began creating them during the Stone Age and continued doing so throughout the Bronze Age and maybe even during the earlier years of the Iron Age. The purpose of this paper is to compare the theories concerning the creation of the cup marks with the later traditions surrounding the fairy/elf mills to see if there are any connections. The fairies were small, underground humanlike creatures who, if disturbed by humans, would “blow” a sickness upon them. To get rid of the sickness one method was to visit a fairymill and sacrifice a small item, usually a coin or needle, and to grease the fairy mill in order to become friendly with the fairies again so that they would lift the sickness. One theory is that the use and meaning of the cup marks went through a change between the Neolithic era and the Bronze Age, going from having a more ritual and ceremonial meaning to a more common one where they would be used by the ordinary people as well. This theory, along with others, has proven insightful in the discussion and may very well be a piece in the overall picture concerning the cup marks and their possibly different meanings through time. Dalarna in Sweden represents the line between the cup mark rich lands to the south, and the northern parts where cup marks barely exist. Dalarna itself does only contain about 20 cup mark locations and yet the fairy traditions are described as strong there. It has been shown that naturally formed rocks and potholes (“giant's kettle” if translated directly from Swedish) could have played a big role, presenting the conclusion that not only the cup marks were associated with fairies, widening the definition of a fairy mill.

This thesis consists of two papers with somewhat different flavours. In Paper I we compute the étale cohomology ring H^*(X,Z/nZ) for X the ring of integers of a number field K. As an application, we give a non-vanishing formula for an invariant defined by Minhyong Kim. We also give examples of two distinct number fields whose rings of integers have isomorphic cohomology groups but distinct cohomology ring structures. In Paper II we define stacky building data for stacky covers in the spirit of Pardini and give an equivalence of (2, 1)-categories between the category of stacky covers and the category of stacky building data. We show that every stacky cover is a flat root stack in the sense of Olsson and Borne–Vistoli and give an intrinsic description of it as a root stack using stacky building data. When the base scheme S is defined over a field, we give a criterion for when a stacky building datum comes from a ramified cover for a finite abelian group scheme over k, generalizing a result of Biswas–Borne. / Denna avhandling består av två artiklar som skiljer sig något i karaktär. I Artikel I beräknar vi den étala kohomologiringen H^*(X,Z/nZ) då X är ringen av heltal av en talkropp K. Som en tillämpning, ger vi ett kriterium i form av en formel för när en invariant definierad av Minhyong Kim är noll eller ej. Vi ger också exempel på två olika talkroppar vars ringar av heltal har isomorfa kohomologigrupper men olika kohomologiringstrukturer. I Artikel II definierar vi stackig byggnadsdata för stackiga övertäckningar i Pardinis anda och visar en ekvivalens av (2,1)-kategorier mellan kategorin av stackiga övertäckningar och kategorin av stackig byggnadsdata. Vi visar att varje stackig övertäckning är en platt rotstack i Olsson och Borne–Vistolis mening och vi ger en intrinsisk beskrivning av den som en rotstack med hjälp av stackig byggnadsdata. När basen S är definierad över en kropp, ger vi ett kriterium för när ett stackigt byggnadsdatum kommer från en ramifierad övertäckning för ett ändligt abelskt gruppschema över k. Detta generaliserar ett resultat av Biswas–Borne.