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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

DEVELOPMENT OF A NONCONTACT SENSOR FOR MONITORING MILK COAGULATION AND CUTTING TIME PREDICTION IN CHEESE MAKING

Craft-Jenkins, Molly D. 01 January 2012 (has links)
Cheese products are manufactured more consistently and with better quality if the curd cutting time can be consistently selected. An optical sensor that accurately predicts cutting time has been developed for large cheese vats, but the initial cost of these sensors makes them uneconomical for small artisan cheese manufacturers. The small artisan cheese vats require an inexpensive sensor technology that can be implemented simply. The initial cost of purchasing a sensor and installing these sensors plus the need for a computational program for implementing the algorithm make this technology excessively expensive for these smaller cheese manufacturers. The objective of this research was to develop a simpler sensor technology that can be implemented inexpensively by artisan cheese makers. A prototype sensor has been developed and shown to measure the coagulation of milk in initial experiments. This sensor uses the same concepts for estimating cutting time and much of the same technology as the light backscatter technology; however, it is considerably more cost effective than a light backscatter sensor welded permanently into a vat. The results will show the unique and novel design and characterize its performance on unhomogenized milk.
2

Características agronômicas, composição químico-bromatológica e curva de desidratação da Gliricídia sepium / Agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and dehydration curve Gliricidia sepium

Silva, Shirlenne Ferreira January 2015 (has links)
SILVA, Shirlenne Ferreira. Características agronômicas, composição químico-bromatológica e curva de desidratação da Gliricídia sepium. 2015. 55 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Fortaleza-CE, 2015. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T12:49:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_sfsilva.pdf: 1131646 bytes, checksum: 0a117fd3971803fb0ff25f686d054ff3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T15:18:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_sfsilva.pdf: 1131646 bytes, checksum: 0a117fd3971803fb0ff25f686d054ff3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T15:18:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_sfsilva.pdf: 1131646 bytes, checksum: 0a117fd3971803fb0ff25f686d054ff3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The study was conducted in order to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and dehydration curve Gliricídia sepium grown under different residues were in relation to the seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Forage Industry Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Ceará - UFC in Fortaleza, Brazil. The statistical design was a randomized block design with split plots. Plots consisted of three residual heights (70, 90 and 110 cm) and five 4 seasons (fall, winter, spring and summer) with four replications. For dehydration curve used the design in randomized blocks in a factorial 3x7 factorial comprising the three residues were and 7 times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 h) sample collection gliricídia. Growth variables analyzed were: the diameter of the stem at ground level, number of budding, diameter of shoots and plant height. The chemical composition of the plant variables analyzed were: dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The growth and composition data were subjected to analysis of variance, the dehydration curve underwent regression analysis. Data were analyzed by program SAS version 9.0 and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Agronomic characteristics of gliricidia were influenced by harvest time. Significant differences from the residual height (p˂0,05) were observed on plant growth, stem diameter and diameter of the shoots, leaf area index, fresh weight of the total forage dry matter and total forage. The time of greater plant (p˂0,05) growth was recorded in the winter solstice (June). The diameters of the stem and the shoots grew better on the spring equinox, with measures of 6.85 and 2.07 mm, respectively. While the highest number of shoots was observed in the autumn equinox, with 31, 33 shoots. The dry matter, ash, acid detergent fiber and ether extract, were higher (P˂0.05) at the spring equinox (September 2013), summer solstice (December 2013), Winter Solstice (June 2013) and spring equinox (September 2013), respectively. There was a significant interaction between time of cutting and residual height for fiber neutral detergent, crude protein and organic matter. The highest average values of NDF were recorded at the spring equinox and summer solstice, the higher CP values were recorded in spring and autumn equinox and the largest values organic matter focused on the spring equinox. Effect was observed (P˂ 0,05) in the dehydration time on the dry matter and crude protein of Gliricidia in different residues were. The plants were cut at 90 and 110 cm were 80% dry matter in 6.75 and 6.63 hours of sun exposure. With 8 hours of dehydration was observed values of CP 20.16; 20.00; and 20.80% for waste heights of 70, 90 and 110 cm respectively, and observed losses in the PB values around 3.56; 2.84 and 3.69% for residual heights of 70, 90 and 110 cm, respectively. Gliricidia sepium can be cut in the residual height of 70 cm. The time indicated for the greatest dry matter production, plant growth and chemical composition suitable for animal feed is the winter solstice (June). The dehydration process of Gliricidia sepium occurred in 8 hours of sun exposure, with getting the hay with 80% dry matter and 20% crude protein. / O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as características agronômicas, a composição químico-bromatológica e a curva de desidratação da Gliricídia sepium cultivada sob diferentes alturas de resíduo em relação às estações do ano. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Forragicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, em Fortaleza, CE. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas constaram de três alturas residuais (70, 90 e 110 cm) e as subparcelas 4 épocas do ano (outono, inverno, primavera e verão) com 4 repetições. Para a curva de desidratação utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x7, sendo os fatores, três alturas de resíduo e 7 tempos (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 e 8 h) de coleta de amostras de gliricídia. As variáveis de crescimento analisadas foram: o diâmetro do caule ao nível do solo, número de brotação, diâmetro dos brotos e altura da planta. As variáveis de composição químico-bromatológica da planta analisadas foram: matéria seca, matéria mineral, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido e matéria orgânica. Os dados de crescimento e composição foram submetidos à análise de variância, os da curva de desidratação foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SAS versão 9.0 e comparados pelo teste de tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As características agronômicas da gliricídia foram influenciadas pela época de corte. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p˃0,05) em relação à altura residual sobre o crescimento da planta, o diâmetro do caule e diâmetro dos brotos, índice de área foliar, matéria fresca de forragem total e matéria seca de forragem total. A época de maior crescimento das plantas (p˂0,05) foi registrada no solstício de inverno (junho). Os diâmetros do caule e dos brotos se desenvolveram melhor no equinócio de primavera, com medidas de 6,85 e 2,07 mm, respectivamente. Enquanto que o maior número de brotos (p˂0,05) foi observado no equinócio de outono, com 31, 33 brotos. Os teores de matéria seca, matéria mineral, fibra em detergente ácido e extrato etéreo, apresentaram maiores valores (p˂0,05) no equinócio de primavera (setembro 2013), solstício de verão (dezembro 2013), solstício de inverno (junho 2013) e equinócio de primavera (setembro 2013), respectivamente. Houve efeito de interação (p˂0,05) entre época de corte e altura residual para os teores de fibra em detergente neutro, proteína bruta e matéria orgânica. Os maiores valores médios de fibra em detergente neutro foram registrados no equinócio de primavera (setembro 2013) e solstício de verão (dezembro 2013), os maiores valores de proteína bruta foram registrados no equinócio de primavera e outono (setembro 2013 e março 2014) e os maiores valores de matéria orgânica se concentraram no equinócio de primavera (setembro 2013). Foi observado efeito significativo (p˂0,05) no tempo de desidratação sobre o teor de matéria seca e proteína bruta da gliricídia nas diferentes alturas de resíduo. As plantas cortadas a 90 e a 110 cm atingiram 80% de matéria seca em 6,75 e 6,63 horas de exposição ao sol. Com 8 horas de desidratação foi observado valores de proteína bruta de 20,16; 20,00; e 20,80% para as alturas residuais de 70, 90 e 110 cm respectivamente, sendo observadas perdas nos valores de proteína bruta em torno de 3,56; 2,84 e 3,69% para as alturas residuais de 70, 90 e 110 cm, respectivamente. A Gliricídia sepium pode ser cortada na altura residual de 70 cm. A época indicada para obtenção de maior produção de matéria seca, crescimento das plantas e composição bromatológica adequada para a alimentação animal é o solstício de inverno (junho). O processo de desidratação da Gliricídia sepium ocorreu em 8 horas de exposição ao sol, com a obtenção do feno com 80% de matéria seca e 20% de proteína bruta.
3

CaracterÃsticas agronÃmicas, composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e curva de desidrataÃÃo da GliricÃdia sepium / Agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and dehydration curve Gliricidia sepium

Shirlenne Ferreira Silva 26 January 2015 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as caracterÃsticas agronÃmicas, a composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e a curva de desidrataÃÃo da GliricÃdia sepium cultivada sob diferentes alturas de resÃduo em relaÃÃo Ãs estaÃÃes do ano. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Forragicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal do Cearà - UFC, em Fortaleza, CE. O delineamento estatÃstico utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas constaram de trÃs alturas residuais (70, 90 e 110 cm) e as subparcelas 4 Ãpocas do ano (outono, inverno, primavera e verÃo) com 4 repetiÃÃes. Para a curva de desidrataÃÃo utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x7, sendo os fatores, trÃs alturas de resÃduo e 7 tempos (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 e 8 h) de coleta de amostras de gliricÃdia. As variÃveis de crescimento analisadas foram: o diÃmetro do caule ao nÃvel do solo, nÃmero de brotaÃÃo, diÃmetro dos brotos e altura da planta. As variÃveis de composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica da planta analisadas foram: matÃria seca, matÃria mineral, proteÃna bruta, extrato etÃreo, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente Ãcido e matÃria orgÃnica. Os dados de crescimento e composiÃÃo foram submetidos à anÃlise de variÃncia, os da curva de desidrataÃÃo foram submetidos à anÃlise de regressÃo. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SAS versÃo 9.0 e comparados pelo teste de tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As caracterÃsticas agronÃmicas da gliricÃdia foram influenciadas pela Ãpoca de corte. NÃo foram observadas diferenÃas significativas (p˃0,05) em relaÃÃo à altura residual sobre o crescimento da planta, o diÃmetro do caule e diÃmetro dos brotos, Ãndice de Ãrea foliar, matÃria fresca de forragem total e matÃria seca de forragem total. A Ãpoca de maior crescimento das plantas (p˂0,05) foi registrada no solstÃcio de inverno (junho). Os diÃmetros do caule e dos brotos se desenvolveram melhor no equinÃcio de primavera, com medidas de 6,85 e 2,07 mm, respectivamente. Enquanto que o maior nÃmero de brotos (p˂0,05) foi observado no equinÃcio de outono, com 31, 33 brotos. Os teores de matÃria seca, matÃria mineral, fibra em detergente Ãcido e extrato etÃreo, apresentaram maiores valores (p˂0,05) no equinÃcio de primavera (setembro 2013), solstÃcio de verÃo (dezembro 2013), solstÃcio de inverno (junho 2013) e equinÃcio de primavera (setembro 2013), respectivamente. Houve efeito de interaÃÃo (p˂0,05) entre Ãpoca de corte e altura residual para os teores de fibra em detergente neutro, proteÃna bruta e matÃria orgÃnica. Os maiores valores mÃdios de fibra em detergente neutro foram registrados no equinÃcio de primavera (setembro 2013) e solstÃcio de verÃo (dezembro 2013), os maiores valores de proteÃna bruta foram registrados no equinÃcio de primavera e outono (setembro 2013 e marÃo 2014) e os maiores valores de matÃria orgÃnica se concentraram no equinÃcio de primavera (setembro 2013). Foi observado efeito significativo (p˂0,05) no tempo de desidrataÃÃo sobre o teor de matÃria seca e proteÃna bruta da gliricÃdia nas diferentes alturas de resÃduo. As plantas cortadas a 90 e a 110 cm atingiram 80% de matÃria seca em 6,75 e 6,63 horas de exposiÃÃo ao sol. Com 8 horas de desidrataÃÃo foi observado valores de proteÃna bruta de 20,16; 20,00; e 20,80% para as alturas residuais de 70, 90 e 110 cm respectivamente, sendo observadas perdas nos valores de proteÃna bruta em torno de 3,56; 2,84 e 3,69% para as alturas residuais de 70, 90 e 110 cm, respectivamente. A GliricÃdia sepium pode ser cortada na altura residual de 70 cm. A Ãpoca indicada para obtenÃÃo de maior produÃÃo de matÃria seca, crescimento das plantas e composiÃÃo bromatolÃgica adequada para a alimentaÃÃo animal à o solstÃcio de inverno (junho). O processo de desidrataÃÃo da GliricÃdia sepium ocorreu em 8 horas de exposiÃÃo ao sol, com a obtenÃÃo do feno com 80% de matÃria seca e 20% de proteÃna bruta. / The study was conducted in order to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and dehydration curve GliricÃdia sepium grown under different residues were in relation to the seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Forage Industry Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Cearà - UFC in Fortaleza, Brazil. The statistical design was a randomized block design with split plots. Plots consisted of three residual heights (70, 90 and 110 cm) and five 4 seasons (fall, winter, spring and summer) with four replications. For dehydration curve used the design in randomized blocks in a factorial 3x7 factorial comprising the three residues were and 7 times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 h) sample collection gliricÃdia. Growth variables analyzed were: the diameter of the stem at ground level, number of budding, diameter of shoots and plant height. The chemical composition of the plant variables analyzed were: dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The growth and composition data were subjected to analysis of variance, the dehydration curve underwent regression analysis. Data were analyzed by program SAS version 9.0 and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Agronomic characteristics of gliricidia were influenced by harvest time. Significant differences from the residual height (p˂0,05) were observed on plant growth, stem diameter and diameter of the shoots, leaf area index, fresh weight of the total forage dry matter and total forage. The time of greater plant (p˂0,05) growth was recorded in the winter solstice (June). The diameters of the stem and the shoots grew better on the spring equinox, with measures of 6.85 and 2.07 mm, respectively. While the highest number of shoots was observed in the autumn equinox, with 31, 33 shoots. The dry matter, ash, acid detergent fiber and ether extract, were higher (P˂0.05) at the spring equinox (September 2013), summer solstice (December 2013), Winter Solstice (June 2013) and spring equinox (September 2013), respectively. There was a significant interaction between time of cutting and residual height for fiber neutral detergent, crude protein and organic matter. The highest average values of NDF were recorded at the spring equinox and summer solstice, the higher CP values were recorded in spring and autumn equinox and the largest values organic matter focused on the spring equinox. Effect was observed (P˂ 0,05) in the dehydration time on the dry matter and crude protein of Gliricidia in different residues were. The plants were cut at 90 and 110 cm were 80% dry matter in 6.75 and 6.63 hours of sun exposure. With 8 hours of dehydration was observed values of CP 20.16; 20.00; and 20.80% for waste heights of 70, 90 and 110 cm respectively, and observed losses in the PB values around 3.56; 2.84 and 3.69% for residual heights of 70, 90 and 110 cm, respectively. Gliricidia sepium can be cut in the residual height of 70 cm. The time indicated for the greatest dry matter production, plant growth and chemical composition suitable for animal feed is the winter solstice (June). The dehydration process of Gliricidia sepium occurred in 8 hours of sun exposure, with getting the hay with 80% dry matter and 20% crude protein.
4

Reducering av verktygskostnade

Nyström, Linus, Hallberg, Elias January 2020 (has links)
Bucher Emhart Glass i Örebro arbetar med bearbetning och tillverkning av maskindelar, reservdelar, fixturer och prototyper för formning av glasbehållare. Nyligen har företaget installerat nya maskingrupper där varje maskin har ett verktygsförråd på några hundra verktyg. Det förekommer likadana verktyg i flera olika maskiner och de mest använda verktygen har slitagedelar som byts ut i högt tempo. Företaget har en bristande översyn på nya inköp samt en stor verktygskatalog som lett till onödigt höga verktygskostnader. I och med detta vill Emhart Glass ha förbättringsförslag över vilka åtgärder som kan göras för att reducera deras verktygskostnader. För att skapa en så tydlig bild som möjligt av problemet så genomfördes observationer, intervjuer, litteraturstudie samt dokumentation. Då det handlar om många parametrar som styr verktygskostnaden så valdes PDCA som metod. PDCA har givit ett strukturerat arbetssätt för den utredning som gjorts. Problematiken med verktygskostnader, har många underliggande parametrar vad gäller skärtid, leverantörer, den stora verktygskatalogen och kommunikationen inom företaget. Parametrarna skapar tillsammans onödigt höga verktygskostnader. Företagets arbete med verktygskostnader ska tillsammans med leverantörer skapa värde för verksamheten genom att introducera mer förmånliga lösningar än vad som finns idag. Slutsatser som dragits för att reducera verktygskostnader har exempelvis varit att standardisera omslipning samt implementera fin- och grovbearbetande pinnfräsar. Detta för att maximera skärtiderna på de verktyg som idag finns hos Emhart Glass. / Bucher Emhart Glass in Orebro works with machining and manufacturing of machine parts, spare parts, fixtures and prototypes for forming glass containers. Recently, the company installed new machine groups where each machine has a tool inventory with a few hundred tools. There are similar tools in several different machines and the most commonly used tool has wear parts that are replaced at a high pace. The company's lack of overviewing new purchases and their large tool catalog has resulted in unnecessarily high tool costs. Because of this, Bucher Emhart Glass now wants suggestions of improvement to reduce tool costs. In order to create a picture as clear as possible of the problem, observations, interviews, literature study and documentation were conducted. Since there are many parameters controlling the tool cost, PDCA was chosen as method for this project. PDCA has given the project a structured method while working with the investigation that has been done. The problem with tool costs, has many underlying parameters regarding the cutting time, suppliers, the large tool catalog and communication within the company. Together the parameters create unnecessarily high tool costs. The company's work on tool costs, together with suppliers, will create value for the business by introducing more profitable and new solutions than are applied today. Conclusions that have been drawn to reduce tool costs has been for example, to standardize regrinding and to implement fine and rough machining pins. This is to maximize the cutting times of the tools that exist at Emhart Glass today.

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