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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Nanocápsulas de PLGA contendo ácido úsnico de cladonia substellata(Vainio) com potencial ação antitumoral

Pereira dos Santos, Noemia January 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:52:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5042_1.pdf: 2545498 bytes, checksum: 4d1086c8bbc4dc337fe99bcb799334ab (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / O ácido úsnico [2,6-Diacetil-7,9-dihidroxi-8,9b-dimetil-1,3[2H,9bH]-dibenzo-furadiona] (UA), composto natural obtido de diversas espécies de liquens, apresenta diferentes atividades biológicas e fisiológicas que podem apresentar grande relevância na farmacologia e clínica. Devido sua relevante ação antimitótica e antiproliferativa, existe potencial interesse de seu uso na terapia do câncer. Não obstante, o sucesso de sua aplicação clínica é limitado a sua dotada ação tóxica e pouca solubilidade em água e solventes orgânicos de alta polaridade. Nanopartículas são carreadores poliméricos que podem modificar o perfil de distribuição do fármaco no organismo. Estes vetores medicamentosos proporcionam a liberação do fármaco no sítio de ação desejada, potencializando a ação terapêutica e minimizando os efeitos colaterais. O principal objetivo deste estudo consiste em obter e caracterizar físicoquimicamente nanocápsulas de copolímero de ácido lático e glicólico (PLGA) contendo ácido úsnico e investigar a atividade citotóxica e antitumoral do ácido úsnico em comparação com a forma não encapsulada. Nanocápsulas contendo ácido úsnico (UA-NC) foram preparadas pelo método de deposição interfacial do polímero. Análises físico-químicas foram realizadas imediatamente após a preparação das nanocápsulas. Subseqüentemente, elas foram submetidas a ambos os testes de estabilidade acelerada e a longo termo. A morfologia e tamanho das partículas de UA-NC foram estudados utilizando a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O teor de ácido úsnico nas nanocápsulas foi obtido através de ensaios cromatográficos e a taxa de encapsulação foi determinada após ultrafiltração e centrifugação. O perfil de liberação in vitro do ácido úsnico a partir das UA-NC foi determinado utilizando o método de diálise direta. O estudo da atividade citotóxica foi realizado pelo método de cultura de tecidos com células da linha contínua NCI-H 292. A viabilidade celular, foi determinada pelo Azul de Tripan e a ação citotóxica do UA e UA-NC foi avaliada pelo método colorimétrico de MTT (3-[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il]-2,5-difeniltetrazólio). Alterações morfológicas nas células NCI H292 tratadas com UA e UA-NC foram analisadas por microscopia óptica utilizando a técnica de Giemsa. A atividade antitumoral foi realizada em camundongos albinos Suíços (mus-musculus), frente ao tumor experimental sarcoma-180. Decorridos 24 h de implantação do tumor, foram administrados, intraperitonealmente, injeções de UA, UA-NC e placebo em dose equivalente a 15 mg/ 10 g de peso do animal. Após uma semana de tratamento, foram realizadas coletas de sangue para análises hematológicas e os animais foram sacrificados. Tumores foram removidos, mensurados e pesados e os órgãos (fígado, rins e baço) foram dissecados e submetidos a estudos histopatológicos. A inibição tumoral foi determinada a partir do peso médio da massa tumoral dos grupos de animais tratados em relação ao grupo controle (não tratado). O ácido úsnico apresentou limitada solubilidade em óleo de girassol, podendo ser encapsulado numa concentração máxima de 1 mg/ml. A formulação manteve um aspecto inicial macroscópico leitoso com reflexo azul opalescente durante 120 dias quando mantida a temperatura de 4° C ± 1°C. As formulações liofilizadas de UA-NC permaneceram estáveis por um período superior a 36 meses mantendo um aspecto inicial similar. A análise por microscopia de varredura demonstrou partículas bem dispersas, esféricas e homogêneas, com diâmetro médio de 367 ± 81 nm. UA-NC em suspensão após preparação apresentaram um conteúdo de ácido úsnico de 101,7 ± 1,7 % e uma taxa de encapsulação de 99,4 ± 0,16%. O perfil cinético de liberação revelou que as UA-NC podem ser utilizadas como sistema de liberação controlada. As concentrações requeridas para inibir 50% do crescimento celular, IC50, foram de aproximadamente 10 e 11,5 mg/ml para o ácido úsnico livre e encapsulado, respectivamente. Citoplasma irregular, com intensas áreas de vacuolização contendo material basófilo foram evidenciados nas células quando submetidas a tratamento com ácido úsnico (5μg/ml). Esta cultura quando tratada com ácido úsnico encapsulado demonstrou uma monocamada quase semelhante ao controle. A encapsulação do UA em nanocápsulas de PLGA promoveu uma inibição tumoral de 68% quando comparado ao tratamento com o ácido úsnico livre. Análises histopatológicas dos tumores tratados revelaram intensas áreas de necroses. Ações tóxicas representadas ao nível de hepatócitos foram evidenciadas no tratamento com UA livre. Estas lesões foram significativamente reduzidas quando os animais foram tratados com ácido úsnico nanoencapsulado. Nenhuma alteração histopatológica foi evidenciada nos rins e baço dos animais tratados. Em conclusão, a encapsulação do ácido úsnico em nanocápsulas de PLGA pode ser uma alternativa promissora a ser explorada para a terapia do câncer
122

Estudo do potencial citotÃxico de novos Ãsteres sintÃticos derivados da mistura triterpenoidica α-/β-amirina em modelos experimentais in vitro. / Study of cytotoxic potential of new synthetic esters derivatives of the triterpenoid mixture α-/β-amirina in experimental models in vitro.

Assuero Silva Meira 31 January 2011 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / TriterpenÃides sÃo compostos que nos Ãltimos anos tÃm despertados grande interesse em razÃo de sua diversidade estrutural e da descoberta de um amplo espectro de atividades farmacolÃgicas. O presente estudo avaliou o potencial citotÃxico de quatro derivados de uma mistura de α-,β-amirina em linhagens tumorais humanas. Dentre estes, apenas o composto 3-O-Carboximaleinato de α-, β-amirina (3a/3b) foi ativo, especialmente na linhagem leucÃmica HL-60, com valores de IC50 variando entre 1,8 e 3,0 ÂM. Este derivado foi avaliado, tambÃm frente à outra linhagem leucÃmica, K562, com IC50 variando entre 1,76 e 2,96 ÂM, sugerindo uma especificidade desta substÃncia para leucemias. E sua especificidade para cÃlulas tumorais foi confirmada em ensaios de citotoxicidade em cÃlulas nÃo transformadas, sendo testada em uma linhagem de macrÃfagos, J774 (IC50 entre 3,10 e 3,60 ÂM) e em cÃlulas mononucleares do sangue perifÃrico humano (CMSPH), cuja proliferaÃÃo nÃo foi impedida e nÃo houve dano ao DNA destas cÃlulas. Nenhum dos compostos mostrou atividade hemolÃtica contra eritrÃcitos de camundongos (EC50 > 200 Âg/mL), o que sugere uma citotoxicidade por mecanismos de aÃÃo mais especÃficos. Desta forma, a fim de determinar o mecanismo de aÃÃo envolvido, uma sequÃncia de experimentos in vitro foram realizados na linhagem HL-60. As cÃlulas foram tratadas em diferentes concentraÃÃes da amostra 3a/3b (1,5, 3,0 e 6,0 ÂM) por 24h. A viabilidade das cÃlulas HL-60 (teste azul de tripan e citometria de fluxo) foi reduzida nas concentraÃÃes de 3,0 e 6,0 ÂM, apÃs o tratamento. A anÃlise morfolÃgica das alteraÃÃes celulares realizada por mÃtodos de coloraÃÃo (May-GrÃnwald-Giemsa e laranja de acridina/brometo de etÃdio (LA/BE)) e por citometria de fluxo (integridade de membrana) revelaram caracterÃsticas tÃpicas de cÃlulas apoptÃticas (membrana Ãntegra, reduÃÃo do volume celular, nÃcleo picnÃtico e cromatÃlise), tambÃm nas concentraÃÃes de 3,0 e 6,0 ÂM. Outros testes por citometria de fluxo revelaram que houve externalizaÃÃo da fosfatidilserina, que nÃo houve formaÃÃo de espÃcies reativas de oxigÃnio (EROS) e que a molÃcula 3a/3b induziu apenas a via extrÃnseca da apoptose, pela ativaÃÃo da caspase iniciadora 8 e a consequente ativaÃÃo das caspases efetoras 3 e 7. Estes dados indicam um mecanismo citotÃxico por induÃÃo de uma via apoptÃtica, envolvendo receptores de morte. Por conseguinte, estes resultados apontam o potencial citotÃxico do anÃlogo 3a/3b. / Triterpenoids are compounds that in recent years have aroused considerable interest because of their structural diversity and the discovery of a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. This study evaluated the cytotoxic potential of four derivatives of a mixture of α-, β-amyrin in human tumor cell lines. Among these, only compound 3-O-α-Carboximaleinato of, β-amyrin (3a/3b) was active, especially in the leukemic cell line HL-60, with IC50 values ranging from 1.8 to 3.0 ÂM. This derivative had its cytotoxic evaluated, also at the other leukemia cell line, K562, with IC50 values ranging between 1.76 and 2.96 ÂM, suggesting a specificity of this substance for leukemia. And their specificity for tumor cells was confirmed in cytotoxicity assays in a strain of macrophages, J774 (IC50 between 3.10 and 3.60 ÂM) and mononuclear cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whose proliferation was not prevented, and there wasnât damage in the DNA of these cells. None of the compounds showed hemolytic activity against erythrocytes of mice (EC50> 200 mg / mL), suggesting a cytotoxic mechanism more specific. Thus, to determine the mechanism of action involved, sequences of in vitro experiments were performed in HL-60 cell line. Cells were treated at different concentrations of the sample 3a/3b (1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 ÂM) during 24h. The viability of HL-60 cells (trypan blue test and flow cytometry) was reduced at concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 ÂM after treatment. Morphological analysis of cellular changes performed by staining methods (May-GrÃnwald-Giemsa and acridine orange / ethidium bromide (LA / BE)) and by flow cytometry (membrane integrity) showed typical features of apoptotic cells (intact membrane , reduction of cell volume, picnotic nucleus and chromatolysis), also at concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 ÂM. Further testing by flow cytometry revealed that there was externalization of phosphatidylserine, there was no formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that the molecule 3a/3b only induced the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis by activation of initiator caspase 8 and subsequent activation of caspases 3 and 7. These data indicate a cytotoxic mechanism induced by an apoptotic pathway, involving death receptors. Therefore, these results indicate the cytotoxic potential of 3a/3b analogue.
123

Caracterização bioquímica, estrutural e funcional de uma L-aminoácido oxidase isolada de peçonha de Lachesis muta (Serpentes, Viperidae) / Purification, biochemistry and functional characterization of a new L-amino acid oxidase from Lachesis muta venom.

Cristiane Bregge da Silva 31 October 2011 (has links)
As peçonhas de serpentes contêm uma mistura complexa de substâncias farmacologicamente ativas, como metaloproteases, fosfolipases A2, serino-proteases, L-aminoácido oxidase (LAAO), além de outros importantes compostos sem ação enzimática. LAAOs são flavoproteínas que catalisam a desaminação oxidativa de L-aminoácidos e produzem o -cetoácido correspondente, com a concomitante liberação de amônia e peróxido de hidrogênio. A peçonha de Lachesis muta (L. muta) contém L-aminoácido oxidase, a qual pode contribuir com o envenenamento. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é a purificação da L-amino acido oxidase de peçonha de Lachesis muta (LmLAAO) e a sua caracterização bioquímica, estrutural e funcional. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos dois protocolos distintos de purificação, os quais forneceram LmLAAO com grande pureza. No primeiro protocolo, 20 mg de peçonha bruta de L. muta foram submetidos a uma gel filtração em Sephacryl S100®. Das dez frações obtidas, a primeira fração apresentou atividade L-aminoácido oxidase e foi submetida a mais um passo cromatográfico em Mono Q®. A homogeneidade da fração com atividade L-aminoácido oxidase após a troca iônica foi comprovada por presença de banda única com 60,2 kDa em SDS-PAGE. O segundo protocolo de purificação foi uma sequência de três passos cromatográficos, na qual 200 mg de peçonha bruta de L. muta foram submetidos a gel filtração em Sephacryl S200®, seguido por interação hidrofóbica em Phenyl Sepharose® e Affi- gel Blue Gel®. Da mesma forma, a pureza da enzima obtida depois desses passos cromatográficos foi comprovada por presença de banda única com 64 kDa em SDS-PAGE. Em ambos os protocolos de purificação, LmLAAO manteve sua atividade enzimática. A massa molar de LmLAAO foi determinada por espectrometria de massas (MALDI-TOF) e apresentou valor de 60,85 kDa. Além disso, foi determinado o valor do ponto isoelétrico da LmLAAO como 5,1. A LmLAAO mostrou preferência catalítica por aminoácidos hidrofóbicos (L-Metionina L-Leucina e L-Fenilalanina) e apresentou perda de atividade catalítica quando submetida à altos valores de pH ou de temperatura. Os parâmetros cinéticos foram determinados e a constante de Michaelis-Menten para o substrato L-Leucina foi de 0,9737 mmol/L e a velocidade máxima de reação foi de 0,06345 mol peróxido de hidrogênio/min. A sequência N-terminal dos 40 primeiros resíduos da LmLAAO purificada foi determinada por degração de Edman e a sua estrutura primária completa foi deduzida da sequência do cDNA obtido da glândula de peçonha. Verificou-se uma grande identidade entre as sequências em aminoácidos da LAAO de L. muta e as de outros viperídeos. A estrutura da LmLAAO foi resolvida por substituição molecular usando as coordenadas atômicas da LAAO de Agkistrodon halys pallas (PDB 1REO). As atividades farmacológicas da LmLAAO foram determinadas in vivo e in vitro. A injeção da enzima (10 µg) não induziu edema de pata em camundongos, nem hemorragia (50 µg) e nem toxicidade sistêmica (100 µg). No entanto, provocou uma leve mionecrose (100 µg) e edema em músculo quadríceps de camundongo, aumentando a creatina quinase plasmática. In vitro, foram testadas as atividades citotóxicas da LmLAAO em células de carcinoma. Os dados obtidos mostram IC50 de 22,70 µg/mL, para linhagem AGS (carcinoma de estômago), e IC50 de 1,41 µg/mL linhagem MCF-7 (carcinoma de mama). Para a atividade antiparasitária, foi determinada uma IC50 de 2,22 µg/mL para a forma promastigota de Leishmania brasiliensis. No entanto, a LmLAAO (32 µg/mL) não apresentou toxicidade relevante para a forma tripomastigota de Tripanosoma cruzi. Concluindo, este trabalho descreve o isolamento e a caracterização estrutural e funtional de uma nova LAAO da peçonha de L. muta. A enzima mostrou efeitos antitumorais e leishmanicida, sem toxicidade sistêmica relevante, mas apresentou significativa ação edematogênica e miotóxica local. Este estudo é relevante não apenas por contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do papel da LAAO no envenenamento, mas também por demonstrar seu potencial biotecnológico como agente terapêutico. / Snake venoms comprise a complex mixture of pharmacologically active substances, such as metalloproteases, phospholipase A2, serine proteases and L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) other compounds showing no enzymatic activity. LAAOs are flavoproteins catalyzing the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to produce the corresponding -keto acid with the concomitant release of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. Lachesis muta (L. muta) venom contains L-amino acid oxidase which may contribute to the envenomation. The aim of this study is the purification of an L-amino acid oxidase from Lachesis muta venom (LmLAAO) and its structural and functional characterization. For that, two purification protocols were performed and both provided highly pure LmLAAO. In the first protocol, 20 mg of crude venom of L. muta were submitted to a gel filtration on Sephacryl S100® and yielded ten fractions, whose were tested for L-amino acid oxidase activity. The first fraction showed L-amino acid oxidase activity and it was submitted to a further chromatographic step on Mono Q®. The homogeneity of the fraction showing L-amino acid oxidase activity after ion exchange was confirmed by the presence of a single band corresponding to 60.2 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The second purification protocol was a sequence of three chromatographic steps, where 200 mg of crude L. muta venom were submitted to gel filtration on Sephacryl S200, followed by hydrophobic interaction on Phenyl Sepharose® and Affi-gel-Blue Gel. For the second protocol, the purity of LmLAAO was confirmed by the presence of a single band with 64 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. In both purification protocols LmLAAO kept its enzymatic activity. The molar mass of LmLAAO was determined by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and showed a value of 60.85 kDa. Moreover, the isoelectric point was 5.1. In addition, LmLAAO showed a catalytic preference for hydrophobic amino acids (L-methionine, L-leucina and L-phenylalanine) and lost its catalytic activity when subjected to high pH or temperature. The kinetic parameters for LAAO were determined and the Michaelis-Menten constant for the substrate L-leucine was 0.9737 mmol/L, and the maximum reaction velocity was 0.06345µmol hydrogen peroxide/min. Furthermore, the sequence of the first forty residues was determined by Edman degradation and the complete sequence of LmLAAO was resolved by cloning cDNA obtained from the venom glands. The amino acid sequence of LmLAAO showed a great identity with sequences of LAAOs from other viper snakes. The LmLAAO structure was solved by molecular replacement using the the atomic coordinates of the LAAO from Agkistrodon halys pallas (PDB 1REO). In addiction, LmLAAO pharmacological activities were determined in vivo and in vitro. Thus, LmLAAO (10 µg) did not induce paw edema in mice, neither hemorrhage (50 µg) nor systemic toxicity (100 µg). However, it caused a mild myonecrosis (100 µg) and edema in the quadriceps muscles of mice, increasing plasma creatine kinase. In vitro activities of LmLAAO in carcinoma cells was assayed. The IC50 of LmLAAO on AGS cell line (stomach cancer) was 22.70 µg / mL, and the IC50 of LmLAAO on MCF-7 cell line (breast carcinoma) was 1.41 µg/mL. Moreover, antiparasitic activity of LmLAAO was determined on promastigote of Leishmania brasiliensis and an IC50 of 2.22 µg/mL was found, whereas on trypomastigote form Trypanosoma cruzi LmLAAO showed no toxicity at doses of 32 µg/mL. In conclusion, this work reports the isolation and the structural and funtional characterization of a new LAAO from L. muta snake venom. The enzyme showed antitumoral and leishmanicidal effects, without relevant systemic toxicity, but presented a significant local edema inducing and myotoxic action. This study is relevant not only for contributing to a better understanding of LAAO role in envenomation, but also for demonstrating its biotechnological potential as a therapeutic agent.
124

Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of human CD4 T cell cytotoxic function: Molecular study of human cytotoxic CD4 T cells

Serroukh, Yasmina 21 February 2017 (has links)
Cytotoxicity is the capacity for immune cells to kill infected or malignant cells in order to eliminate pathogens and tumours through different mechanisms including the exocytosis of perforin-containing cytosolic granules. This crucial property is usually restricted to specialized innate and adaptive lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 T cells. T lymphocytes differentiate in the thymus and are delivered to the peripheral blood as naive T cells committed to either the CD8 or the CD4 lineage. CD8 T cells are programmed to acquire cytotoxic effector functions under the control of the transcription factor (TF) Runx3. The fate of CD4 T cells is to acquire multiple helper functions through the action of the TF ThPOK that promotes CD4 helper functions and restricts the CD8 cytotoxic program. However, this restriction is not absolute as cytotoxic CD4 (CD4CTX) T cells differentiate in vivo, indicating that the multipotency of human naive CD4 T cells includes the ability to acquire perforin expression and potent cytotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo. This cytotoxic potential correlates with outcome in human pathology and mediates protection against viral challenge and tumour eradication in murine models. CD4CTX T cells are terminally differentiated effector memory T cells that accumulate during cytomegalovirus chronic infection and ageing. They are phenotypically and functionally related to T helper type 1 (Th1)-effector memory cells. However, whether they belong to the Th1 pathway or constitute a separate specialized helper T cell subset is unknown. In this work, we show that CD4CTX T cell differentiation is an integral part of the Th1 pathway. Indeed, CD4 T cells acquire cytotoxic potential early in the memory differentiation process as central memory Th1 but not Th2 and Th17 cells are epigenetically primed to develop a cytotoxic program. The expression of perforin and other cytotoxic genes present a stepwise increase profile that is specific of the Th1 differentiation pathway. This profile has been recapitulated in an in vitro model of effector CD4 T cell differentiation in which naive CD4 T cells acquire cytotoxicity one to two weeks after polyclonal stimulation when cultured in presence of Th1 cytokines. The molecular regulation of CD4CTX T cells is poorly understood and most available data have been generated in mice. These data include the observation of intraepithelial CD4CTX T cells in the mouse gut after loss of ThPOK expression and subsequent up-regulation of a Runx3-dependent cytotoxic program. Other candidate regulators of CD4 T cell cytotoxic function include the TF regulating Th1 and CD8CTX T cells differentiation such as Runx3, T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes). We show that the transcriptional program of human CD4CTX T cells is enriched in CD8-lineage genes. However, by contrast to CD4CTX T cells from the mouse intestine, human circulating CD4CTX T cells maintain the expression of ThPOK and even up-regulate this TF upon differentiation from naive CD4 T cells. Surprisingly, this sustained expression of ThPOK was compatible with the establishment of a T-bet- and Runx3-dependent cytotoxic transcriptional program. The specific knockdown of T-bet or Runx3 but not Eomes resulted in impaired cytotoxic differentiation whereas ThPOK knockdown enhanced perforin expression and cytotoxicity. We propose that CD4CTX T cells constitute the terminal stage of Th1 memory differentiation and that ThPOK, Runx3 and T-bet co-regulate this process by instructing a cytotoxic transcriptional network largely shared with CD8CTX T cells. The modulation of this network is a potential target for novel immunotherapeutic strategies in viral infections and cancer. / Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
125

HIV subtype C diversity: analysis of the relationship of sequence diversity to proposed epitope locations

Ernstoff, Elana Ann January 2002 (has links)
Magister Scientiae - MSc / Southern Africa is facing one of the most serious HIV epidemics. This project contributes to the HIVNET, Network for Prevention Trials cohort for vaccine development. HIVÂ’s biology and rapid mutation rate have made vaccine design difficult. We examined HIV-1 subtype C diversity and how it relates to CTL epitope location along viral gag sequences. We found a negative correlation between codon sites under positive selection and epitope regions; suggesting epitope regions are evolutionarily conserved. It is possible that epitopes exist in non-conserved regions, yet fail to be detected due to the reference strain diverging from the circulating viral population. To test if CTL clustering is an artifact of the reference strain, we calculated differences between the gag codons and the reference strain. We found a weak negative correlation, suggesting epitopes in less conserved regions maybe evading detection. Locating conserved and optimal epitopes that can be recognized by CTLs is essential for the design of vaccine reagents. / South Africa
126

Roles Of CTLA4(CD 152)-CD80/CD86 Costimulatory Interactions In Modulation Of Primary Mouse CD4' T Cell Cycle Progression And Survival

Mukherjee, Sambuddho 12 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
127

Effect Of Heat Exposure On Allogeneic Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses In Mice

Sukumaran, M K 12 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
128

Biologické účinky látek izolovaných z jedinců řádu Isoptera / Biological effects of substances isolated from Isoptera species

Dušková, Simona January 2018 (has links)
This thesis was focused on monitoring the viability of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells after exposure of termites-isolated chemicals. Recently, evidence of antibacterial and antifungal properties of these defense substances has grown, and they can find a wide range of uses not only in the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, three defensive substances from termites were studied: nerolidol, nitropentadecene and methylanthranilate. Their antibacterial effects, minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations against Escherichia coli STBL3 strain were monitored. Further, their cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic non-tumor (HEK293FT) and tumor cells (MCF7) as well as their effect on plasmid DNA were studied. Antibiotic ampicillin and cytostatic cisplatin were used as control substances for antibacterial and cytotoxic effects, respectively. In the case of the action of nerolidol, nitropentadecene and methylanthranilate on the STBL3 strain, antibacterial activity was not demonstrated. Cytotoxic effects were observed nerolidol and nitropentadecene. None of the examined substances modified the plasmid DNA.
129

Immune Function in Marathon Runners Versus Sedentary Controls

Nieman, David C., Buckley, Kevin S., Henson, Dru A., Warren, Beverly J., Suttles, Jill, Ahle, Jennifer C., Simandle, Stephen, Fagoaga, Omar R., Nehlsen-Cannarella, Sandra L. 01 January 1995 (has links)
Marathon runners (N = 22) who had completed at least seven marathons (X ± SEM = 23.6 ± 5.7) and had been training for marathon race events for at least 4 yr (12.3 ± 1.3) were compared with sedentary controls (N = 18). Although the two groups were of similar age (38.7 ± 1.5 and 43.9 ± 2.2 yr, respectively) and height, the marathon runners were significantly leaner and possessed a VO2max 60% higher than that of the controls. Neutrophil counts tended to be lower in the group of marathoners, while other leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets were similar to controls. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation did not differ between groups. Natural killer cell cyto-toxic activity (NKCA) was significantly higher in the marathoners versus controls (373 ± 38 vs 237 ± 41 total lytic units, respectively, a 57% difference, P = 0.02). For all subjects combined (N = 40) and within the group of marathon runners (N — 22), percent body fat was negatively correlated with NKCA (r = -0.48, P = 0.002; r = -0.49, P = 0.019, respectively), and age was negatively correlated with Con A-induccd lymphocyte proliferation (r = -0.41, P = 0.009; r = -0.53, P = 0.011, respectively). These data indicate that NKCA but not mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation is higher in marathon runners relative to sedentary controls.
130

Development of a Dendritic Cell Vaccine Encoding Multiple Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes Targeting Hepatitis C Virus

Zhou, Yun, Zhao, Futao, Chen, Lin, Ma, Li, Wang, Yu, He, Yu, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liu, Haili, Guo, Yonghong, Zhang, Ying, Yao, Zhi Qiang, Hao, Chunqiu, Jia, Zhansheng 01 October 2013 (has links)
The aim of the present study was to develop a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine encoding hepatitis C virus (HCV) multiple cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes that can stimulate T cell responses in vitro, and can be used for immunization in vivo. DCs were infected with recombinant replication-defective adenoviruses (Ads) expressing 2 HCV sequences fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and FLAG tags. One sequence (sequence 1) contained the HCV CTL epitopes, NS4B 1793-1801 and P7 774-782, as well as the HCV Th epitope, NS3 1248-1261. A second sequence (sequence 2) was the positive epitope control which contained HCV core 35-44, core 132-140 and NS3 1248-1261. The efficiency of infection was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of HCV epitopes in the DCs was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Ad infection significantly enhanced DC maturation and interleukin (IL)-12p70 production, resulting in T cell proliferation and increased interferon-γ secretion. The CTLs stimulated by Ad-infected DCs specifically killed Huh7.5 human hepatoma cells. The recombinant Ad-expressing multiple CTL HCV epitopes effectively infected the DCs in vitro and promoted T cell antiviral immune responses, thereby laying the foundation for the development of anti-HCV DC vaccines.

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