Freie Univ., Diss.--Berlin, 1995.

Thesis is dealing with PVAC dispersion adhesives. Main objective of this thesis is to assess the influence of compression pressure on strenght of glued joint. For research were used two kinds of adhesives. Secondary task was also determine if one of used glues suits to normatively appointed denominations of classe of durability D3. Speciments were made according to norms ČSN EN 204 a ČSN EN 205, than they were gummed by selected glues using different compression pressures and exposed to appointed conditions, which corresponds to classes of durability D1, D2 and D3. Finally there were determined strenght of glued joints according to the same norms and evaluated the influence of compression pressure. Results from all measurments were registred per tables and graphs.

The thesis deals with the concept of landscape arrangement of the model area and incorporating the selected section of the planned highway D3 in the landscape. The thesis is based on the findings of the analysis of the selected area. Literary part focuses on resources dealing with land-use and spatial planning. To process analytical work was used methodology Concept of landscape arrangement for the protection and restoration of cultural, historical and natural values of the territory (Kučera et al. 2015). The practical part analyzes the characteristics of the landscape and is based on the findings formulates principles concept landscape arrangement. The proposal section specifies in detail the possibility of integrating the highway D3 into the landscape of the area so that the disruption of the landscape is minimized as small as possible.

Meat tenderness is regarded as the single most important characteristic of meat quality. Fifty Bonsmara feedlot steers were fed a commercial feedlot ration (10,5 MJ MElKg DM, 12% CP), supplemented with 0,15mg Zilmaxlkg live weight in the feed and with different levels of vitamin D3 (1 to 5 X 106 IU Vit D3 /day) for five days prior to slaughter. The steers were randomly allocated to the vitamin D3 treatments and a control group that received no vitamin D3 supplementation. The steers were fed from ca. 248 ± 3 kg live weight, while Zilmax was fed for the last 35 days to a target weight of ca 400kg. All steers were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir after a Zilmax withdrawal period of 7 days. Samples from m. longissimuss lumborum were collected 24h post-mortem for sheer force testing on an Instron apparatus equipped with a Wamer Bratzler shear blade. Cooking loss was determined by measuring the amount of fluid loss after cooking. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and drip loss of meat samples did not differ significantly between the different vitamin D3 treatments. The inclusion of 5 X 106 IU of vitamin. D3 resulted in significantly lower shear force (SF) values compared to the steers in the control group. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of 5 X 106 IU of vitamin. D3 may significantly improve the tenderness of meet from steers fed 0, IS mg Zilmax ®/kg live weight for the last 35 days in the feedlot. The aim of the second study was to explore the effectiveness of the use of electrical stimulation on tenderness of mutton. In this experiment 22 wethers of class AB weighing between 45 and 50kg were used. The carcasses were assigned to two treatment groups, of which group one was electrically stimulated (ES) and the other group was not electrically stimulated (NES). The results revealed that electrical stimulation did not significantly affect of the fatty acid content of meat and crude fat content. Treatment however, significantly (P< 0,038) influenced the moisture content of the samples. There was a variation in SF values between the two treatment groups; SF of samples from the ES group were lower compared to that of the NES group. This suggests that ES can be successfully applied to reduce the variation in tenderness within the class- AB mutton. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric) : Meat Science)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

The thesis tries to analyse dispute over path of the D3 highway through locality of Posázaví. Discussion about this topic was talked over in media space for over twenty-five years. Many actors from public, governmental and political sphare participated in the discussion over the time. Thesis use analysis of local press andother other resources to create complex picture of the dispute including actors a their actions wih primary focus on description of argumetns and topics with their developement. Deeper analysis with use of other literature will be inherent. Secondary purpose of the thesis will be describe conflict from historic perspective and name main actors with their arguments.

Effects of varying dosages (0.6 to 4.8 μg/egg) of vitamin D3 (D3) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3), administrated by in ovo (amniotic) injection, on various embryonic and post-hatch physiological variables in Ross 708 broilers were investigated. The in ovo injection of 1.2 to 4.8 μg of both D3 and 25OHD3 increased serum 25OHD3 concentrations in broiler embryos in comparison to non-injected and diluent-injected control groups. Furthermore, the effects of 2.4 μg of D3 and 25OHD3 alone and in combination on the performance, meat yield and quality, small intestine morphology, and immunity of the broilers fed a diet restricted in calcium and phosphorous (ReCaP) content by 20% throughout grow out, period were investigated. In comparison to the in ovo injection of diluent or the combination of D3 and 25OHD3, the in ovo injection of 2.4 μg of 25OHD3 increased breast meat yield at 14 and 40 days of age (doa). In addition, Serum IgM increased in response to the in ovo injection of 25OHD3 at 14 doa. Furthermore, increases in villus length VL to crypt depth ratio (RVC) at both 14 and 40 doa in response to the injection of 25OHD3 alone were observed. The improvements in these observed factors may be due to an improvement in small intestine morphology in response to the in ovo injection of 25OHD3 alone. Lastly, the effects of 2.4 μg of D3 and 25OHD3 alone or in combination on the performance, meat yield and quality, small intestine morphology, and immunity of Ross 708 broilers after being subjected to a coccidiosis challenge at 14 doa were investigated. The in ovo injection of 25OHD3 alone increased broiler BW gain from 29 to 41 doa in comparison to those injected with diluent or D3 alone. Furthermore, the RVC of birds increased before and 2 weeks after a coccidiosis challenge when in ovo-injected with 25OHD3 alone in comparison to being injected with diluent or D3 alone. These results indicate that 25OHD3 alone may improve small intestine morphology, growth performance, and increase meat yield and antibody production of broilers subjected to a coccidiosis infection.

No description available.

Introduktion: Låg serumkoncentration av vitamin D3 är förknippat med mer parodontal sjukdom. Syftet med denna studie var att studera effekten av 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vit D3) på humana PDL-cellers (hPDLC) benbildande egenskaper samt inflammatoriska egenskaper i form av uttryck av cytokiner/kemokiner vid LPS-inducerad inflammation.Material och metod: hPDLC, från fyra, friska individer, stimulerades med vit D3 i 4-48 h. Benmarkörerna osteopontin och osteocalcin och pro-inflammatoriskt cytokin/kemokin-uttryck bestämdes genom kvantitativ real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) och enzymkopplad immunadsorberande analys (ELISA). Cytokin- och kemokinuttryck bestämdes efter stimulering med inflammations-inducerande lipopolysackarid (LPS, från Escherichia coli) i närvaro eller frånvaro av vit D3. Bestämning av alkalisk fosfatas (ALP) aktivitet skedde genom infärgning och inkubering med p-nitrofenylfosfat substratlösning. Resultat: Behandling med 30 ng/ml vit D3 i 24 h hade ingen effekt på PDL-cellers morfologi och antal men ökade mRNA-uttrycket av osteopontin och osteocalcin med ca 70 % respektive 40 %. 48 h behandling ökade ALP-aktiviteten i hPDLC ca 2 gånger. Stimulering med LPS [1 µg/ml] i 4 h ökade mRNA-uttryck av interleukin (IL)-6 och kemokin ligand 1 (CXCL1), denna LPS-inducerade ökning reducerades vid behandling med vit D3 [30ng/ml]. Behandling med vit D3 [3-300 ng/ml] i 24 h reducerade den LPS-inducerade ökningen av IL-6 med ca 50%. Konklusion: Vit D3 stimulerar osteogena egenskaper i hPDLC och minskar även deras uttryck av pro-inflammatoriska cytokinen IL-6 och kemokinen CXCL1, vilka tyder på att vit D3 kan ha en positiv effekt i dubbel bemärkelse genom stimulering av parodontal regenerering och motverkan av inflammation i parodontiet.

El metabolito activo de la vitamina D es el calcitriol o 1α,25(OH)2 vitamina D3 (1,25D). El 1,25D ingresa a la célula difundiendo a través de la membrana plasmática y se une a su receptor, el receptor de la vitamina D (VDR). Este complejo desencadena acciones rápidas, no genómicos (como la activación de vías de señalización MAPKs, y la generación de segundos mensajeros, como el aumento del Ca2+ intracelular) o efectos genómicos que requieren generación de nuevas proteínas. Dado que la mayor parte de los efectos del 1,25D reportados involucran al VDR y éste se expresa en la mayoría de los tejidos, esta hormona esteroide se considera pleiotrópica. En el laboratorio donde trabajo, se ha demostrado que el VDR se expresa en el músculo esquelético y que el tratamiento con 1,25D (10-9 M) es capaz de promover a proliferación y la activación de vías de señalización como las MAPKs, Akt, con la participación de Src, muy rápidamente, tanto en mioblastos proliferativos como en miotubos diferenciados. Por otro lado está ampliamente documentado que el 1,25D tiene efectos anti-proliferativos y pro-apoptóticos en varios tipos de cáncer. En este trabajo de Tesis Doctoral, se evidenció que en la línea de músculo esquelético normal C2C12, durante la fase proliferativa, el tratamiento con 1,25D (10-9 M) promueve la expresión del VDR y la activación de p38 MAPK y ERK 1/2, que promueven la expresión de las CDK 4/6. Más tarde, durante el arresto promotor de diferenciación, iniciado por el 1,25D, la expresión del VDR y la activación de la p38 MAPK son esenciales para inducir el aumento en la expresión de la ciclina D3, de los CKIs p21Cip1/WAF1 y p27Kip1, y del marcador de diferenciación muscular miogenina, el cual también requiere que la ciclina D3 se exprese. En las células C2C12 que están en la etapa de diferenciación temprana, en la fase de alineación (previo a la fusión celular para la formación del miotubo), la hormona esteroide 1,25D unida a su receptor tiene la capacidad de activar la tirosina quinasa no receptora Src y las MAPKs ERK 1/2 y p38 MAPK, a tiempos cortos (hasta de una hora), sin embargo no es capaz de modificar la expresión de proteínas (como las ciclinas D1 y D3 o la caveolin-1). El rabdomiosarcoma (RMS) es el cáncer de tejido blando más común entre los niños y tiene características de músculo esquelético, a pesar de tener múltiples orígenes. La línea RD es una línea celular de rabdomiosarcoma humano, originada de biopsias de una paciente caucásica de siete años de edad. A pesar de la evidencia acumulada de los efectos antineoplásicos de la hormona esteroide 1,25D, en diferentes tipos de cáncer, solo existe un reporte de los efectos de este esteroide en RMS, en líneas diferentes a la línea RD. En esta Tesis Doctoral, se evidenció que las células RD expresan basalmente VDR y que el tratamiento con la hormona durante 24 y 48 horas promueve un incremento de este receptor. Además el 1,25D (10-9 M) promueve la activación de p38 MAPK, vía su quinasa upstream inmediata MKK 3/6 y Src a tiempos cortos en las células RD. De relevancia, se observó que la activación de p38 MAPK es necesaria para la activación de Src, pese a ser esta una quinasa upstream de las MAPKs. El tratamiento con 1,25D durante 72 horas provoca una marcada disminución en la expresión del VDR junto con una inhibición en la proliferación (ya que decrece la cantidad de células vivas y aumenta la expresión de p15INK4). Conjuntamente, la hormona no promueve la diferenciación celular (ya que no se observan cambios morfológicos y disminuye la expresión de marcadores de diferenciación tempranos) y estimula la apoptosis (aumentando la expresión de los mediadores ciclina D1 y CDK4 y causando picnosis mitocondrial y pérdida de la red mitocondrial). En conclusión, el metabolito activo de la vitamina D, el calcitriol tiene efectos opuestos en el músculo esquelético normal y el transformado, ya que en el primero promueve la proliferación seguida de un arresto pro-diferenciativo, mientras que en RMS es capaz de inducir la apoptosis. / The vitamin D active metabolite is the calcitriol or 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1,25D). The 1,25D diffuse into the cell through the plasmatic membrane and it binds to its receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). This complex triggers non-genomic, rapid actions (like activation of MAPKs pathways, and second messengers, like intracellular Ca2+ increase) or genomic effects that require protein synthesis. Almost all of the 1,25D actions require the VDR, and this receptor is expressed in almost all tissues, this steroid hormone is pleiotropic. In the laboratory where I investigate, it was demonstrated that the VDR is expressed in skeletal muscle and 1,25D treatment promotes proliferation and activation of MAPK, Akt, and the tyrosine kinase Src, quickly, in both proliferating myoblast and differentiated myotubes. By another hand, it was largely reported that 1,25D exerts antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in many different cancer types. In this Ph.D. Thesis, it was evidenced that in normal skeletal muscle cell line C2C12, in the proliferative state, 1,25D (10-9 M) treatment promotes VDR expression and p38 MAPK and ERK 1/2 pathways activation, and all these together induce CDK 4/6 expression. Then, during pro-differentiative arrest induced by 1,25D, the VDR expression, and p38 MAPK activation are key events to promote an increase in Cyclin D3, CKIs p21cip1/WAF1 and p27kip1 and myogenin expression. In C2C12 cell, in an early differentiation state, during myoblast alignment, 1,25D through its receptor induce Src, ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways activation, within a few minutes, but this short treatment cannot modify some proteins expression involved in differentiation process (like Cyclin D3 and D1, or caveolin-1). Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the soft tissue cancer most common in children with skeletal muscle features, although it has different origins. The RD cell line is a human RMS cell line, originated from biopsies from a seven years old Caucasian patient. There is accumulated evidence about antineoplastic effects of 1,25D, in different cancer types; nevertheless, there is only one report relative to the effects of this steroid hormone treatment developed in RMS cell lines different to RD. In this PhD. Thesis, it was shown that RD cells express basally VDR and hormone treatment during 24 and 48 hours promotes an increase of this receptor. Moreover, 1.25D (10-9 M) promotes p38 MAPK activation via its immediate upstream kinase, MKK 3/6, and Src at short times of steroid exposition. Of relevance, it was observed that p38 MAPK activation is necessary for the activity of Src, despite this being an upstream kinase of MAPKs. Treatment with 1.25D for 72 hours causes a decrease in VDR expression and the inhibition in proliferation (since it decreases the amount of living cells and increases the expression of p15INK4). This steroid treatment does not promote differentiation, since no morphological changes were observed and the expression of early differentiation markers falls. Furthermore, 1,25Dstimulates apoptosis increasing the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 mediators and causing mitochondria pyknosis and disruption of mitochondrial network). In conclusion, the active metabolite of vitamin D, calcitriol has opposite effects on normal and transformed skeletal muscle cells, since in the normal cells it promotes proliferation followed by a pro-differentiative arrest, whereas in RMS it is capable of inducing apoptosis.

Au delà des symptômes moteurs classiques de la maladie de Parkinson (MP), d'autres troubles comportementaux, émotionnels, ou cognitifs sont fréquemment observés chez le patient parkinsonien. L'apathie, définie comme une réduction des comportements motivés, est l'un des troubles neuropsychiatriques les plus souvent rapportés en clinique, en particulier chez les patients traités par stimulation haute fréquence du noyau sous-thalamique. De nombreuses données récentes ont permis de suggérer que la résurgence de l'état apathique chez ces patients stimulés pourrait être liée à la diminution du traitement dopaminergique. Plus précisément, il semble que ce déficit motivationnel puisse s'expliquer, au moins en partie, par un hypofonctionnement affectant le système dopaminergique. En se basant sur des approches de lésions sélectives, partielles et bilatérales des neurones dopaminergiques du mésencéphale, notre laboratoire a récemment développé un modèle animal chez le rat reproduisant un déficit motivationnel pouvant s'apparenter à l'apathie parkinsonienne. L'objectif de ce travail doctoral a été d'élucider les mécanismes neurobiologiques qui sont à l'origine de l'apparition du déficit motivationnel observé dans ce modèle animal (rat 6-OHDA SNc). Dans une première partie, en utilisant la microdialyse intracérébrale, nous avons analysé les modifications neurochimiques induites par les lésions mésencéphaliques réalisées, au sein de différents territoires cibles (le noyau accumbens ou N.Acc et le striatum dorsolatéral ou DLS) des projections dopaminergiques ascendantes. Nous avons ainsi pu montrer que le DLS est affecté par une situation d'hypodopaminergie chez les rats 6-OHDA SNc. Dans une deuxième partie expérimentale, nous avons étudié les modifications d'expression du transporteur de la dopamine et des récepteurs D1, D2 et D3 (RD3), au niveau du mésencéphale et des territoires de projections dopaminergiques. Cette étude autoradiographique nous a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution d'expression des RD3 qui concerne spécifiquement le DLS chez les rats 6-OHDA SNc. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, nous avons utilisé des approches de micro-injections in situ avec des antagonistes dopaminergiques sélectifs, qui nous ont permis de caractériser le rôle fonctionnel des RD3 au sein du striatum dorsal (DLS et striatum dorsomédian) et du N.Acc dans les comportements motivés. Les données pharmaco-comportementales que nous avons obtenues suggèrent une implication centrale de la neurotransmission médiée par les RD3 dorsostriataux dans les processus motivationnels qui sous-tendent le phénotype apathique observé dans notre modèle animal. Au total, les données obtenues au cours de ce travail doctoral confirment l'implication de la voie dopaminergique nigro-striée, et en particulier du DLS, dans la physiopathologie des troubles apathiques. De plus, cette étude a permis d'identifier les RD3 comme une cible thérapeutique intéressante pour améliorer les troubles motivationnels de la MP. / Beyond the classical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), behavioural, emotional or cognitive impairments are also commonly observed in PD patients. Apathy, which is defined as a decrease in motivated behaviours, is one of the most frequently reported neuropsychiatric symptom in PD, especially in patients with high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. A growing body of data suggests that the resurgence of an apathetic state in these stimulated patients may be linked, at least in part, to a dopaminergic hypofunction. Through neurotoxic selective, partial and bilateral lesion-based approaches of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, we recently developed in the laboratory an experimental model in the rat of motivational deficits that are reminiscent of the Parkinsonian apathy. The aim of this thesis was to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the motivational deficits observed in this animal model (6-OHDA-SNc rats). In a first part, we have investigated, with intracerebral microdialysis, the neurochemical alterations induced by our lesional approach of the main projection territories of the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, namely the nucleus accumbens (N.Acc) and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). Hence, we have confirmed the presence of a hypodopaminergic state within the DLS, in our 6-OHDA-SNc experimental model. Next, we have studied the modifications of dopamine transporter and D1, D2 and D3 receptors (D3R) expression in different mesencephalic and striatal sub-regions. In this autoradiographic study, we have found a specific decrease in D3R levels within the DLS of 6-OHDA-SNc rats. Lastly, in a third part, we set out to determine the functional implication of D3R in motivated behaviors, with in situ microinjections of selective dopaminergic receptor subtype antagonists within the DLS, the dorsomedial striatum and the N.Acc. The psychopharmacological data obtained, suggest a central role of dorsostriatal D3R-mediated neurotransmission in the motivational processes that underlie the apathetic-like phenotype observed in our model. Finally, the data obtained during this doctoral work confirm the implication of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, and particularly of the DLS, in the pathophysiology of apathy. Moreover, we identified the D3R as a potential interesting target for treating motivational impairments in PD.