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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Vitamin D3 Receptor Signaling in Mammary Gland Development and Ron-Mediated Breast CancerJohnson, Abby L. January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Importance de la neurotransmission dopaminergique et des récepteurs D3 dans les déficits motivationnels observés dans la maladie de Parkinson : approche expérimentale chez le rat / Involvment of dopaminergic neurotransmission and D3 receptors in Parkinson's disease-related motivational deficits : experimental study in ratFavier, Mathieu 05 June 2014 (has links)
Au delà des symptômes moteurs classiques de la maladie de Parkinson (MP), d'autres troubles comportementaux, émotionnels, ou cognitifs sont fréquemment observés chez le patient parkinsonien. L'apathie, définie comme une réduction des comportements motivés, est l'un des troubles neuropsychiatriques les plus souvent rapportés en clinique, en particulier chez les patients traités par stimulation haute fréquence du noyau sous-thalamique. De nombreuses données récentes ont permis de suggérer que la résurgence de l'état apathique chez ces patients stimulés pourrait être liée à la diminution du traitement dopaminergique. Plus précisément, il semble que ce déficit motivationnel puisse s'expliquer, au moins en partie, par un hypofonctionnement affectant le système dopaminergique. En se basant sur des approches de lésions sélectives, partielles et bilatérales des neurones dopaminergiques du mésencéphale, notre laboratoire a récemment développé un modèle animal chez le rat reproduisant un déficit motivationnel pouvant s'apparenter à l'apathie parkinsonienne. L'objectif de ce travail doctoral a été d'élucider les mécanismes neurobiologiques qui sont à l'origine de l'apparition du déficit motivationnel observé dans ce modèle animal (rat 6-OHDA SNc). Dans une première partie, en utilisant la microdialyse intracérébrale, nous avons analysé les modifications neurochimiques induites par les lésions mésencéphaliques réalisées, au sein de différents territoires cibles (le noyau accumbens ou N.Acc et le striatum dorsolatéral ou DLS) des projections dopaminergiques ascendantes. Nous avons ainsi pu montrer que le DLS est affecté par une situation d'hypodopaminergie chez les rats 6-OHDA SNc. Dans une deuxième partie expérimentale, nous avons étudié les modifications d'expression du transporteur de la dopamine et des récepteurs D1, D2 et D3 (RD3), au niveau du mésencéphale et des territoires de projections dopaminergiques. Cette étude autoradiographique nous a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution d'expression des RD3 qui concerne spécifiquement le DLS chez les rats 6-OHDA SNc. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, nous avons utilisé des approches de micro-injections in situ avec des antagonistes dopaminergiques sélectifs, qui nous ont permis de caractériser le rôle fonctionnel des RD3 au sein du striatum dorsal (DLS et striatum dorsomédian) et du N.Acc dans les comportements motivés. Les données pharmaco-comportementales que nous avons obtenues suggèrent une implication centrale de la neurotransmission médiée par les RD3 dorsostriataux dans les processus motivationnels qui sous-tendent le phénotype apathique observé dans notre modèle animal. Au total, les données obtenues au cours de ce travail doctoral confirment l'implication de la voie dopaminergique nigro-striée, et en particulier du DLS, dans la physiopathologie des troubles apathiques. De plus, cette étude a permis d'identifier les RD3 comme une cible thérapeutique intéressante pour améliorer les troubles motivationnels de la MP. / Beyond the classical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), behavioural, emotional or cognitive impairments are also commonly observed in PD patients. Apathy, which is defined as a decrease in motivated behaviours, is one of the most frequently reported neuropsychiatric symptom in PD, especially in patients with high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. A growing body of data suggests that the resurgence of an apathetic state in these stimulated patients may be linked, at least in part, to a dopaminergic hypofunction. Through neurotoxic selective, partial and bilateral lesion-based approaches of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, we recently developed in the laboratory an experimental model in the rat of motivational deficits that are reminiscent of the Parkinsonian apathy. The aim of this thesis was to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the motivational deficits observed in this animal model (6-OHDA-SNc rats). In a first part, we have investigated, with intracerebral microdialysis, the neurochemical alterations induced by our lesional approach of the main projection territories of the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, namely the nucleus accumbens (N.Acc) and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). Hence, we have confirmed the presence of a hypodopaminergic state within the DLS, in our 6-OHDA-SNc experimental model. Next, we have studied the modifications of dopamine transporter and D1, D2 and D3 receptors (D3R) expression in different mesencephalic and striatal sub-regions. In this autoradiographic study, we have found a specific decrease in D3R levels within the DLS of 6-OHDA-SNc rats. Lastly, in a third part, we set out to determine the functional implication of D3R in motivated behaviors, with in situ microinjections of selective dopaminergic receptor subtype antagonists within the DLS, the dorsomedial striatum and the N.Acc. The psychopharmacological data obtained, suggest a central role of dorsostriatal D3R-mediated neurotransmission in the motivational processes that underlie the apathetic-like phenotype observed in our model. Finally, the data obtained during this doctoral work confirm the implication of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, and particularly of the DLS, in the pathophysiology of apathy. Moreover, we identified the D3R as a potential interesting target for treating motivational impairments in PD.
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Ex vivo Binding of the Agonist PET Radiotracer [11C]-(+)-PHNO to Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors in Rat Brain: Lack of Correspondence to the D2 Recepor Two-affinity-state ModelMcCormick, Patrick N. 18 February 2011 (has links)
The dopamine D2 receptor exists in vitro in two states of agonist affinity: a high-affinity state mediating dopamine’s physiological effects, and a physiologically-inert low-affinity state. Our primary goal was to determine the in vivo relevance of this two-affinity-state model for the agonist PET radiotracer [11C]-(+)-PHNO, developed for measurement of the D2 high-affinity state. Our second goal was to characterize the regional D2 versus D3 pharmacology of [3H]-(+)-PHNO binding and assess its utility for measuring drug occupancy at both receptor subtypes.
Using ex vivo dual-radiotracer experiments in conscious rats, we showed that, contrary to the two-affinity-state model, the binding of [11C]-(+)-PHNO and the antagonist [3H]-raclopride were indistinguishably inhibited by D2 partial agonist (aripiprazole), indirect agonist (amphetamine) and full agonist ((-)-NPA) pretreatment. Furthermore, ex vivo [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding was unaffected by treatments that increase in vitro high-affinity state density (chronic amphetamine, ethanol-withdrawal), whereas unilateral 6-OHDA lesion, which increases total D2 receptor expression, similarly increased the ex vivo binding of [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [3H]-raclopride. These results do not support the in vivo validity of the two-affinity-state model, suggesting instead a single receptor state for [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [3H]-raclopride in conscious rat. Importantly, we also demonstrated that the increased amphetamine-sensitivity of the agonist radiotracers [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [11C]-(-)-NPA, commonly seen in isoflurane-anaesthetized animals and cited as evidence for the two-affinity-state model, is due to the confounding effects of anaesthesia.
Using in vitro and ex vivo autoradiography in rat and the D3 receptor-selective drug SB277011, we found that [3H]-(+)-PHNO binding in striatum and cerebellum lobes 9 and 10 was due exclusively to D2 and D3 receptor binding, respectively, but in other extra-striatal regions to a mix of the two receptor subtypes. Surprisingly, the D3 contribution to [3H]-(+)-PHNO binding was greater ex vivo than in vitro. Also surprising, several antipsychotic drugs, at doses producing 80% D2 occupancy, produced insignificant (olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol) or small (clozapine, ~35%) D3 occupancy, despite similarly occupying both receptor subtypes in vitro. These data reveal a significant discrepancy between in vitro and ex vivo measures of dopamine receptor binding and suggest that the D3 occupancy is not necessary for the therapeutic effect of antispychotic drugs.
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Ex vivo Binding of the Agonist PET Radiotracer [11C]-(+)-PHNO to Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors in Rat Brain: Lack of Correspondence to the D2 Recepor Two-affinity-state ModelMcCormick, Patrick N. 18 February 2011 (has links)
The dopamine D2 receptor exists in vitro in two states of agonist affinity: a high-affinity state mediating dopamine’s physiological effects, and a physiologically-inert low-affinity state. Our primary goal was to determine the in vivo relevance of this two-affinity-state model for the agonist PET radiotracer [11C]-(+)-PHNO, developed for measurement of the D2 high-affinity state. Our second goal was to characterize the regional D2 versus D3 pharmacology of [3H]-(+)-PHNO binding and assess its utility for measuring drug occupancy at both receptor subtypes.
Using ex vivo dual-radiotracer experiments in conscious rats, we showed that, contrary to the two-affinity-state model, the binding of [11C]-(+)-PHNO and the antagonist [3H]-raclopride were indistinguishably inhibited by D2 partial agonist (aripiprazole), indirect agonist (amphetamine) and full agonist ((-)-NPA) pretreatment. Furthermore, ex vivo [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding was unaffected by treatments that increase in vitro high-affinity state density (chronic amphetamine, ethanol-withdrawal), whereas unilateral 6-OHDA lesion, which increases total D2 receptor expression, similarly increased the ex vivo binding of [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [3H]-raclopride. These results do not support the in vivo validity of the two-affinity-state model, suggesting instead a single receptor state for [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [3H]-raclopride in conscious rat. Importantly, we also demonstrated that the increased amphetamine-sensitivity of the agonist radiotracers [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [11C]-(-)-NPA, commonly seen in isoflurane-anaesthetized animals and cited as evidence for the two-affinity-state model, is due to the confounding effects of anaesthesia.
Using in vitro and ex vivo autoradiography in rat and the D3 receptor-selective drug SB277011, we found that [3H]-(+)-PHNO binding in striatum and cerebellum lobes 9 and 10 was due exclusively to D2 and D3 receptor binding, respectively, but in other extra-striatal regions to a mix of the two receptor subtypes. Surprisingly, the D3 contribution to [3H]-(+)-PHNO binding was greater ex vivo than in vitro. Also surprising, several antipsychotic drugs, at doses producing 80% D2 occupancy, produced insignificant (olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol) or small (clozapine, ~35%) D3 occupancy, despite similarly occupying both receptor subtypes in vitro. These data reveal a significant discrepancy between in vitro and ex vivo measures of dopamine receptor binding and suggest that the D3 occupancy is not necessary for the therapeutic effect of antispychotic drugs.
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Regulation of the Dopamine D3 Receptor by Adenylyl Cyclase 5Habibi Khorasani, Hedieh 10 May 2022 (has links)
The D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) belongs to D2-class of dopamine receptors (DARs) and is
involved in emotion, movement, and reward. D3R dysfunction has been reported in some
neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction, cognitive deficits, depression, schizophrenia, and
Parkinson’s disease. Genetic studies have shown two polymorphic variants of the D3R gene
resulting from substitution of serine to glycine at position nine of the amino terminus. Isoform
5 of adenylyl cyclase (AC5) is one of the nine transmembrane bound ACs in the brain and
myocardium. Previous studies in rats have shown that AC5 is expressed in the striatum, nucleus
accumbens and olfactory tubercle and at lower levels in islands of Calleja, where the D3R is
also expressed. Previous studies showed that although D2R and D4R inhibit ACs activity in
different cell types, inhibition of ACs by D3R is weak and often undetectable. It has been
shown that D3R selectively inhibits AC5 activity in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293)
cells co-transfected with D3R and AC5. Co-expression of D3R and AC5 in brain regions which
are major coordinators of normal and pathological movement, and the selective inhibition of
AC5 activity by D3R raise the possibility of a functional link between AC5 and D3R in the
modulation of signal transduction and trafficking. I hypothesized that AC5 plays a unique role
in modulation of D3R trafficking and signaling pathways through interaction between D3R
and AC5. Herein, I demonstrated an interaction between D3R and AC5 in vivo and in vitro
using reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting (co-IP/IB) assays. Interestingly, DA
may facilitate the formation of protein complex between D3R and AC5 in vitro. Radio ligand
binding assays revealed that heterodimerization of D3R polymorphic variants with AC5 does
not change ligand binding affinity and expression of the D3R. Furthermore, taking advantages
of GloSensor assays, selective inhibition of AC5 activity by D3Ser9 and D3Gly9 has been
shown following activation by DA and quinpirole. Using ELISA studies showed that AC5
promotes cell surface expression and total expression of D3Ser9 and D3Gly9. Moreover, ELISA results suggested that AC5 facilitates DA-induced D3Ser9 endocytosis in dynamin and
β-arrestin 2 dependent process, while having no effect on D3Gly9 polymorphic variant. The
results also revealed that AC5 attenuates heterologous (PKC-induced) internalization of
D3Ser9, while it does not have any effect on D3Gly9 heterologous internalization. My results
also displayed a complex formation between D3R, AC5 and, β-arrestin 2 under basal and DA
stimulation conditions, which emphasize the role of β-arrestin 2 in D3R signal transduction.
Overall, a new regulatory mechanism for D3R has been suggested. My results suggested that
complex formation between both D3R polymorphic variants with AC5 can regulate signaling
and trafficking properties of D3R without changing the binding affinity of the receptor. These
data will be meaningful for understanding of diseases and developing treatment strategies.
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Bedeutung einer Beeinträchtigung der D2- und D3-vermittelten dopaminergen Transmission für die motorische Aktivität und das motorische Lernverhalten im Mausmodell / The significance of an impairment of the D2-/D3-mediated dopaminergic transmission for motor activity and motor learning in miceHasan, Kenan 29 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Homology modeling and structural analysis of the antipsychotic drugs receptoromeLópez Muñoz, Laura 22 June 2010 (has links)
Classically it was assumed that the compounds with therapeutic effect exert their action interacting with a single receptor. Nowadays it is widely recognized that the pharmacological effect of most drugs is more complex and involves a set of receptors, some associated to their positive effects and some others to the side effects and toxicity. Antipsychotic drugs are an example of effective compounds characterized by a complex pharmacological profile binding to several receptors (mainly G protein-coupled-receptors, GPCR). In this work we will present a detailed study of known antipsychotic drugs and the receptors potentially involved in their binding profile, in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the antipsychotic pharmacologic effects.The study started with obtaining homology models for all the receptors putatively involved in the antipsychotic drugs receptorome, suitable for building consistent drug-receptor complexes. These complexes were structurally analyzed and compared using multivariate statistical methods, which in turn allowed the identification of the relationship between the pharmacological properties of the antipsychotic drugs and the structural differences in the receptor targets. The results can be exploited for the design of safer and more effective antipsychotic drugs with an optimum binding profile. / Tradicionalmente se asumía que los fármacos terapéuticamente efectivos actuaban interaccionando con un único receptor. Actualmente está ampliamente reconocido que el efecto farmacológico de la mayoría de los fármacos es más complejo y abarca a un conjunto de receptores, algunos asociados a los efectos terapéuticos y otros a los secundarios y toxicidad. Los fármacos antipsicóticos son un ejemplo de compuestos eficaces que se caracterizan por unirse a varios receptores simultáneamente (principalmente a receptores unidos a proteína G, GPCR). El trabajo de la presente tesis se ha centrado en el estudio de los mecanismos moleculares que determinan el perfil de afinidad de unión por múltiples receptores de los fármacos antipsicóticos.En primer lugar se construyeron modelos de homología para todos los receptores potencialmente implicados en la actividad farmacológica de dichos fármacos, usando una metodología adecuada para construir complejos fármaco-receptor consistentes. La estructura de estos complejos fue analizada y se llevó a cabo una comparación mediante métodos estadísticos multivariantes, que permitió la identificación de asociaciones entre la actividad farmacológica de los fármacos antipsicóticos y diferencias estructurales de los receptores diana. Los resultados obtenidos tienen interés para ser explotados en el diseño de fármacos antipsicóticos con un perfil farmacológico óptimo, más seguros y eficaces.
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