INTRODUÇÃO: O dano muscular induzido pelo exercício (DMIE) em humanos ocorre quando o indivíduo realiza exercícios não-habituais, muito intensos ou de longa duração. Muitos protocolos experimentais têm se dedicado ao estudo do DMIE, porém poucos deles, principalmente aqueles com ações excêntricas, reproduzem uma situação real de treinamento físico. OBJETIVO: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é verificar e comparar a ocorrência de dano muscular nos flexores do cotovelo induzido pelo sistema de treinamento de cargas descendentes em exercício resistido em duas diferentes intensidades por meio de marcadores indiretos de dano muscular: creatina quinase (CK), mioglobina (Mio), dor e torque muscular. MÉTODO: Foram voluntários 9 indivíduos do gênero masculino com idade média (\'+ OU -\' desvio padrão) de 26,78 \'+ OU -\' 4,32 anos, peso médio 84,02 \'+ OU -\' 13,88 quilos e altura média 181,33 \'+ OU -\' 8,46 centímetros. Os indivíduos realizaram dois protocolos de exercício resistido com ações concêntricas e excêntricas dos flexores do cotovelo nos exercícios rosca Scott e rosca direta com cargas descendentes em diferentes intensidades, uma iniciada em 90% de 1-RM (PROTOCOLO 90%) e outra iniciada em 75% de 1-RM (PROTOCOLO 75%). Os marcadores de dano muscular CK, Mio, dor e torque muscular foram avaliados previamente ao exercício, imediatamente após o exercício, 24, 48, 96 e 168 horas após o exercício. RESULTADOS: O pico de concentração de CK ocorreu 24 horas após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90%, sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). O pico de concentração de Mio ocorreu imediatamente após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90%, sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). O pico de dor ocorreu 24 horas após a sessão de exercício do PROTOCOLO 75% e permaneceu com o mesmo valor 48 horas após, com percepção referente à \"dor um pouco forte\" indicada na escala de Borg e no PROTOCOLO 90% obteve o pico imediatamente após o esforço com percepção referente à \"dor moderada\". A maior diminuição do torque muscular ocorreu imediatamente após a sessão de exercício dos PROTOCOLOS 75% e 90% sem diferenças significativa entre os valores (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível sugerir a ocorrência do dano muscular e ambos os protocolos pelas variáveis investigadas. O torque muscular demonstrou ser o melhor marcador do dano muscular por avaliar de forma não-invasiva a funcionalidade e restabelecimento das estruturas do músculo. O PROTOCOLO 90% parece ser mais vantajoso praticamente por demonstrar as mesmas características nas variáveis CK, Mio e torque muscular com menor percepção de dor. Porém, pesquisas com adaptações ao treinamento crônico são necessárias para fortalecer estas afirmações. / INTRODUCTION: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in humans occurs after unaccustomed or vigorous exercise. Various experimental models was dedicated to EIMD, however few studies, essential those with eccentric action, replicated action that commonly occur during real physical training. PURPOSE: The general purpose of this research was to verify and to compare changes in indirect markers of muscle damage (Creatine Kinase (CK), myoglobin (Myo), pain and muscle torque) on the elbow flexors following training system of drop set in resistance exercise in two different intensities. METHODS: 9 young men (age: 26,78 \'+ OU -\' 4,32 years, height: 181,33 \'+ OU -\' 8,46 cm, body mass: 84,02 \'+ OU -\' 13,88 Kg) performed two exercise protocols of drop set resistance exercise with actions concentric and eccentric of the elbow flexors in Scott arm curl and direct arm curl of 90% (PROTOCOL 90%) and 75% (PROTOCOL 75%) of one maximal repeated. The indirect markers was obtained before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 96 and 168 hours after exercise. RESULTS: The CK\'s concentration peak occurs 24 hours after exercise in both protocols, without significant differences (p < 0.05). The Myo\'s concentration peak occurs 24 immediately after the exercise in both protocols, without any significant differences (p < 0.05). The pain peak 24 hours after the exercise of PROTOCOL 75% and continued in the same value 48 hours later, with pain perception of \"pain a little strong\", indicated in Borg\'s Scale. In the PROTOCOL 90% obtained a peak immediately after exercise with perception of \"moderate pain\". The greater reduction of the muscle torque occurs immediately after the exercise in both protocols, without any significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was possible suggest, through of indirect markers, that both protocols induced a muscle damage. The muscle torque shown to be a better marker of muscle damage because is a non-invasive way to evaluate the functionality of muscle structure. The PROTOCOL 90% seem to be more profitable in the practice because of magnitude pain perception.

Neuropsychological tests have been used in differentially diagnosing schizophrenic and brain damaged populations. Research indicated some subgroups of schizophrenia exhibit certain symptoms of brain damage; and that schizophrenia involves difficulty in sensory integration. The Haptic Visual Discrimination Test (HVDT) designed to test tactilevisual integration, Bender Gestalt, and Information and Digit Symbol subtests of the WAIS were used to test performance abilities of forty schizophrenic subjects, forty subjects medically diagnosed as brain damaged (10 right hemisphere, 10 left hemisphere, and 20 diffuse), and normals as defined by the standardized age norm scores.

The diploma thesis deals with the problem of speed determination during tangent collisions of two vehicles. The theoretical part describes the available literature and the preparation of an expert experiment. The practical part describes the experiment itself. Its results are processed and compared with the literature in the theoretical part. The aim of work is to extend knowledge about tangent collisions and reduce the error rate in determining crash in the expert analysis or claims in insurance companies.

The theme of this thesis is the analysis of vehicle damage, which was caused by a collision with road safety barriers. The theoretical part describes the guardrail, their classification, structure, process design and methods of their testing, including criteria that must be met. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes the safety of vehicles in relation to the body structure and its material composition. The last chapter in this section is focused on the process of insurance companies in solving their clients' loss events. The second (practical) part is focused on defining the criteria that are important for the determination of certain facts in question accident. These criteria were drawn up based on the requirements of insurance companies while they were processed catalog. This catalog is the result of the work, which describes the happening of insured events, their assessment according to predefined criteria and estimate, if it is a plot manipulated insured or not. It can also be beneficial to insurance companies, which can be used as an aid in dealing with loss events.

La plupart des voies de signalisation qui régule la croissance cellulaire et le métabolisme sont sous le contrôle du mécanisme du complexe I de la rapamycine (mTORC1). L'un des régulateurs en amont de mTORC1, impliqués dans la détection des acides aminés et l'autophagie, est complexe SEA, chez la levure, et le complexe GATOR, chez les mammifères. Plusieurs composants de GATOR sont dérégulés dans de nombreux cancers et maladies neurodégénératives. Malgré l'intérêt scientifique vis à vis du complexe SEA / GATOR, de nombreux détails concernant sa fonction et son implication dans différents troubles humains sont encore inconnus et restent à investiguer.L'objectif principal de ma thèse était d’élargir notre connaissance sur le complexe SEA / GATOR, et plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne son rôle dans la modulation des voies de signalisation cellulaire. Étant donné que le SEA / GATOR est très conservé, j'ai effectué les expériences en utilisant deux modèles cellulaires : levure S. cerevisiae et lignées cellulaires humaines. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de démontrer un nouveau rôle pour le NPRL2, composant de GATOR, distinct de sa fonction dans la régulation de la voie mTORC1. Nous avons constaté que l'expression ectopique de la NPRL2 induit un stress oxydant et conduit aux dommages de l'ADN et à l'apoptose. Les études sur la levure ont révélé que le complexe SEA relie la voie mTORC1 et la régulation du contrôle de la qualité des mitochondries. Par conséquent, le complexe SEA / GATOR émerge en tant que régulateur multifonctionnel de plusieurs processus cellulaires. / The major signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and metabolism is under the control of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). One of the mTORC1 upstream regulators involved in amino acid sensing and autophagy is called the SEA complex in yeast and GATOR in mammalian cells. Several GATOR components are deregulated in many cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite of the growing interest to the SEA/GATOR, many details concerning its function and implication in different human disorders are still unknown.The main objective of my thesis was to extend our knowledge about the SEA/GATOR, especially what concerns its role in the modulating cellular signaling network. Because the SEA/GATOR is highly conserved I performed the experiments using two model systems - budding yeast S. cerevisiae and human cells lines. The results I obtained allowed to demonstrate a new role for the GATOR component NPRL2, distinct from its function in mTORC1 regulation. We found that ectopic expression of NPRL2 induces oxidative stress and leads to the DNA damage and apoptosis. The studies in yeast revealed that the SEA complex connects the TORC1 pathway and the regulation of mitochondria quality control. Therefore, the SEA/GATOR complex is emerging as a multifunctional regulator of several cellular processes.

The present study investigates the predictive accuracy of a key approach to interpretation of the verbal-spatialcognitive (VSC) and sensorimotor (SM) factors of the McCarron-Dial System (MDS). The subjects include 99 brain damaged and 30 normal adults. The following research questions are addressed: (a) Does the neuropsychological key classify brain damaged and non-brain damaged subjects at a level significantly above chance? (b) Among the brain damaged subjects, does the neuropsychological key identify right brain damage, left brain damage and diffuse brain damage at an accuracy level significantly above chance? (c) Is the neuropsychological key approach superior to the empirical model derived from discriminant function analysis in predictive accuracy? The neuropsychological key correctly classifies 90% of the cases as brain damaged and 90% of the cases as non-brain damaged, for a total of 89.9% predictive accuracy. The obtained Kappa coefficient of .74 is statistically significant. The key accurately classifies 71.4% of the brain damaged group as right damage, 70% as left damage, and 93.8% as diffuse damage, for a total predictive accuracy of 7 9.5%. The Kappa coefficient of .68 is statistically significant. Chi square analysis of the difference between the key approach and multiple discriminant function analysis reveals that no significant difference is present between the accuracy of the two approaches in differentiating between brain damaged and non-brain damaged, or in differentiating among left, right and diffuse brain damage. The results support the validity of a neuropsychological key approach to interpretation of the McCarron-Dial System, although cross-validation is indicated to confirm the stability of these results. Differences in sex, educational level and racial composition of the comparison groups may have affected the results obtained. Refinement of the key in future research and the addition of test instruments assessing memory, auditory processing, attention and emotional/behavioral variables are recommended.

Mutagenic heterocyclic amines are produced during the ordinary cooking of meats and fish. When metabolically activated, heterocyclic amines will form covalent adducts with DNA, which, if not repaired, may affect the flow of genetic information in a cell. It has been proposed previously that heterocyclic amine mutagens contribute to the incidence of dietary-related cancers because they cause somatic cell mutations and induce tumors in rodents and nonhuman primates. Recent work has shown that some cooked food mutagens preferentially produce DNA damage in heart cells, DNA adduct levels are directly related to dose and duration of mutagen exposure, the dietary damage persists for long intervals in cardiac tissue, and mitochondrial DNA is more vulnerable than nuclear DNA to these mutagens. Because cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated cells that have lost their ability to divide, the capacity to repair DNA damage is a critical factor in the proper function of cardiomyocytes, and cardiac myocytes seem to have limited DNA repair capabilities. DNA damage formed by dietary components, such as heterocyclic amines, might accumulate with time because of inefficient repair and thereby affect heart cell function or viability. The possibility that dietary habits play a role in idiopathic cardiomyopathies and congestive heart disease should be explored in greater depth.

Over the last decades, researchers have proposed a number of tools for the condition assessment of concrete infrastructure affected by alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Amongst those, increasing attention has been given to the Stiffness Damage Test (SDT), Damage Rating Index (DRI), and Residual Expansion (RE) laboratory test procedures that aim to determine the cause and extent (i.e., diagnosis) of damage along with the potential of further deterioration (i.e., prognosis) of affected concrete. Yet, most of the data gathered so far while using the aforementioned tools has been obtained on laboratory test specimens presenting distinct conditions from affected structural members in the field, especially regarding restraint effects. This work aims to understand the impact of restraint on ASR-induced expansion and damage. Thirty-two 450 mm by 450 mm by 675 mm concrete blocks with various reinforcement configurations (i.e., unreinforced, 1D and 2D reinforcement) and incorporating highly reactive coarse and fine aggregates (i.e., Springhill coarse and Texas sand) were manufactured and stored in conditions enabling ASR-induced development (i.e., 38°C and 100 R.H). Two expansion levels were selected for analysis (i.e., 0.08% and 0.15%); once reached, cores were extracted from three different directions (i.e., longitudinal, transversal and vertical) of all blocks and mechanical (i.e., SDT and compressive strength), microscopic (i.e., DRI, scanning electron microscope, etc.) and expansion (i.e., RE) test procedures were conducted on the concrete cores. Results suggest that the presence of restraint influences the induced expansion, resulting in an anisotropic response of the specimens. Furthermore, similar to the expansion behavior, an anisotropic distribution of induced damage and mechanical properties reduction are observed for the restrained concrete blocks in which the restraint configuration seems to significantly affect ASR-induced damage development and features. This led to the observation of a higher number of damage features, ASR development and mechanical properties reduction in cores obtained from unrestrained directions. Yet, some anticipated results from the current research will be studied in detail in the near future where the reliability of the existing techniques (i.e., residual expansion and soluble alkalis) for appraising ASR potential for further induced development and distress (i.e., prognosis) in affected concrete presenting distinct restraint scenarios will be evaluated.

Repair of DNA damage is one of the most important processes undergone in a dividing cell. This is a two-part study undertaken to better understand some of the proteins involved in the sensing and repair of DNA damage in Drosophila melanogaster. The first portion of this experiment followed two Drosophila Rad51 paralogs, dmRad51D and dmXRRC2, and using constructs tagged with GFP, found that they entered the nucleus in response to drug induced DNA damage. Approximately one hour after the induction of DNA damage via bleomycin, dmRad51D and dmXRCC2 entered the nucleus of the Drosophila culture cells, where they remained for the next three to four hours. Following this period in the nucleus, the cells were visualized moving back into the cytosol. The second portion of this experiment was concerned with the four Drosophila Rad51 paralogs (dmRad51 D, dmXRCC2, Spn B, and Spn D) and two paralogs from Homo sapiens (hsRad51 D and dmRad51 D) and their interactions.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12832号 / 論工博第4102号 / 新制||工||1600(附属図書館) / 31370 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 堀 智晴, 教授 田中 茂信 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM