Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται μια προσπάθεια οπτικής ανάκτησης λογοτύπων με σκοπό την οργάνωσή τους για μετέπειτα χρήση τους σε περιπτώσεις αναζήτησης ομοίων λογοτύπων από χρήστες. Η μελέτη γίνεται με χρήση μεθόδων και εργαλείων τα οποία είτε έχουν σχεδιαστεί για αυτό το σκοπό είτε έχουν ληφθεί από άλλα κομμάτια του τομέα αναγνώρισης προτύπων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα χρησιμοποιούνται οι μεθοδολογίες: α. Angular Radial Transform (ART) που ορίζεται στο MPEG-7 πρωτόκολλο. β. Ένας αλγόριθμος σύγκρισης σχημάτων ως κατανομές ιστογραμμάτων που τον ονομάζουμε Angular Radial Histogram (ARH) και περιγράφεται σε δημοσίευση που αφορά την αναγνώριση σχημάτων. γ. Μια μεθοδολογία που εκμεταλλεύεται τον αλγόριθμο DCT και την συμπιεσμένη φύση των αρχείων εικόνων - λογοτύπων στο σημερινό web για γρήγορη αναζήτηση η οποία έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί για οργάνωση βάσεων γενικών εικόνων. δ. Μια μεθοδολογία στηριγμένη στα φίλτρα Gabor και το WW-Test η οποία έχει εφαρμοστεί με αρκετά καλά αποτελέσματα σε πεδιά αναγνώρισης προτύπων. Η έρευνα γίνεται σε τρεις (νεοκατασκευασμένες) βάσεις λογοτύπων όπου τα αποτελέσματα φαίνεται να είναι θετικά ειδικά για την τελευταία μεθοδολογία. / In this work, four different algorithms are used in the field of logos retrieval, in an efford to organize logos databases that can be handful in cases where users may need to retrieve similar logos. The algorithms that are used are a. Angular Radial Transform (ART) which is defiend in MPEG-7, b. An algorithm that compairs logos outlines called sas Angular Radial Histogram which has been proposed for general shape matching procedures, c. An algorithm based on the well known DCT and the compression nature of the very common JPEG protocol, d. An algorithm based on Gabor filters for feature extraction and the Wald-Wolfowitz for feature comparisons, which gave very good results. The tests took place on three different logos database which were constructed for this purpose.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la recherche d'images basée sur leur contenu. La recherche opère sur des images eprésentéesdans un domaine transformé et où sont construits directement les vecteurs de caractéristiques ou indices. Deux types detransformations sont explorés : la transformée en cosinus discrète ou Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) et la transforméen ondelettes discrète ou Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), utilisés dans les normes de compression JPEG et JPEG2000. Basés sur les propriétés des coefficients de la transformation, différents vecteurs de caractéristiquessont proposés. Ces vecteurs sont mis en oeuvre dans la reconnaissance de visages et de textures couleur.Dans le domaine DCT, sont proposés quatre types de vecteurs de caractéristiques dénommés "patterns" : Zigzag-Pattern,Sum-Pattern, Texture-Pattern et Color-Pattern. Le premier type est l'amélioration d'une approche existante. Les trois derniers intègrent la capacité de compactage des coefficients DCT, sachant que certains coefficients représentent une information de directionnalité. L'histogramme de ces vecteurs est retenu comme descripteur de l'image. Pour une réduction de la dimension du descripteur lors de la construction de l'histogramme il est défini, soit une adjacence sur des patterns proches puis leur fusion, soit une sélection des patterns les plus fréquents. Ces approches sont évaluées sur des bases de données d'images de visages ou de textures couramment utilisées. Dans le domaine DWT, deux types d'approches sont proposés. Dans le premier, un vecteur-couleur et un vecteur-texture multirésolution sont élaborés. Cette approche se classe dans le cadre d'une caractérisation séparée de la couleur et de la texture. La seconde approche se situe dans le contexte d'une caractérisation conjointe de la couleur et de la texture. Comme précédemment, l'histogramme des vecteurs est choisi comme descripteur en utilisant l'algorithme K-means pour construire l'histogramme à partir de deux méthodes. La première est le procédé classique de regroupement des vecteurs par partition. La seconde est un histogramme basé sur une représentation parcimonieuse dans laquelle la valeur des bins représente le poids total des vecteurs de base de la représentation.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leidiane Marques de Aguiar.pdf: 2338563 bytes, checksum: d664953e752cebe3ea3c6bf7961ae92b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / This research has as its theme the technological training of basic education teachers of the State schools, provided by the Educational Development Program - PDE / PR. We aim to initially understand how the technological training process is given during evidenced training and how the courses offered and the engagement with the Digital Communication Technology (DCT) during this continuing training enable important reflections and actions in the act of educating of the participating teachers. This research is supported, among others, in the following question: What are the contributions that the actions/activities of the program shaft, Didactic and pedagogical activities with the use of technological support, offered for the teachers training as meaning to prepare them for their new role, in view the use of technology in the educational context of Aprendência (teaching learning process)? To this end, based on theoretical assumptions, initially we approach the relationship between Experimentation, Rhizome, Education and Technology, the view to problematize a teaching still out of step the reality of our students, who are browsing at constant speeds through the computerization of knowledge. In order to problematize a teaching still out of step the reality of our students, who are browsing at constant speeds through the computerization of knowledge. We still carry on about the importance of teachers continuing training in the twenty-first century context, in order to provide a rhizome teaching, respecting the multiplicities and providing more cooperative, emancipatory and meaningful learning. Methodologically, this research follows the paths of Applied Linguistics, it is supported by the qualitative approach and is characterized by the case study under interpretative approach. The research has as theoretical support the ideas of the authors: Gilles Deleuze (2006, 2003, 2001, 1996, 1995), Félix Guattari (1996, 1995), Michel Authier (1995), Pierre Lévy (2000, 1999a, 1999b, 1995, 1993), Hugo Assmann (2012, 2001, 2000), Edgar Morin (2003, 2000), Araci Hack Capatan (2001), Marc Prensky (2001), Beatriz Helena Dal Molin (2003), Manuel Castells (1999), Silvio Gallo (2008, 2002), Gilson Fais (2011), Dóris Roncarelli (2012), José Rogério Vitkowski (2014), Rose Maria Belim Motter (2013), Teresa Cristina Jordão (2009), among others. We checked during the research, that the PDE program is the way of fundamental public policy allowing the necessary involvement of the participating teachers in several theories, methodologies and in contact with the technology through its third shaft. However, we found when analyzing the speeches generated based on questions proposed to the participants, that the program still has challenges to be overcome, such as to allow the teachers who attend the PDE, epistemological reflections on the process of teaching and learning with the use of Digital Communication Technology. / A presente pesquisa tem como tema a formação tecnológica de professores da Rede Estadual de ensino da Educação Básica, proporcionada pelo Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional PDE/PR. Objetivamos, inicialmente, compreender como se dá o processo de formação tecnológica durante a formação evidenciada e como os cursos oferecidos e o envolvimento com a Tecnologia de Comunicação Digital (TCD) durante essa formação continuada possibilitam importantes reflexões e ações no fazer educativo dos professores participantes. Esta pesquisa sustenta-se, entre outras, na seguinte indagação: Quais as contribuições que as ações/atividades do eixo do programa, Atividades didático-pedagógicas com utilização de suporte tecnológico, ofereceram para a formação do docente no sentido de prepará-lo para seu novo papel, frente ao emprego da tecnologia no contexto educativo da Aprendência? Para tanto, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos, abordamos inicialmente a relação entre Experimentação, Rizoma, Educação e Tecnologia, a vista de problematizar um ensino ainda em descompasso da realidade de nosso educandos, que estão navegando a velocidades constantes por meio da informatização do saber. Ocupamo-nos ainda em discorrer sobre a importância de formação continuada de professores em contexto de século XXI, com o objetivo de proporcionar um ensino rizomático, respeitando as multiplicidades e proporcionando aprendizagens mais cooperativas, emancipatórias e significativas. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa segue pelos caminhos da Linguística Aplicada, sustentada pela abordagem qualitativa e caracterizada pelo estudo de caso, sob a abordagem interpretativista. A pesquisa traz como aporte teórico as ideias dos autores: Gilles Deleuze (2006, 2003, 2001, 1996, 1995); Félix Guattari (1996,1995); Michel Authier (1995); Pierre Lévy (2000, 1999a, 1999b, 1995, 1993); Hugo Assmann (2012, 2001, 2000); Edgar Morin (2003, 2000); Araci Hack Capatan (2001); Marc Prensky (2001); Beatriz Helena Dal Molin (2003); Manuel Castells (1999); Silvio Gallo (2008, 2002); Gilson Fais (2011); Dóris Roncarelli (2012); José Rogério Vitkowski (2014); Rose Maria Belim Motter (2013); Teresa Cristina Jordão (2009); entre outros. Verificamos, no decorrer da pesquisa, que o programa PDE é via de política pública fundamental para a formação em tempos de TCD, possibilitando o necessário envolvimento dos professores participantes, em várias teorias, metodologias e no contato com a tecnologia por meio do seu terceiro eixo. Entretanto, constatamos, ao analisar os discursos gerados a partir dos questionamentos propostos aos participantes, que o programa ainda apresenta desafios a serem superados, como é o caso de possibilitar aos professores que cursam o PDE, reflexões epistemológicas sobre o processo de ensinar e de aprender com o emprego da Tecnologia de Comunicação Digital

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This Master thesis is focused on the analysis of currently used methods which whose target is to determine the rate of image focus. This analysis was used during the development of the program which evaluates the rate of image focus in percentage rate, works in real time and cooperates with a camera capable of 4k image resolution with a manual focus of the lenses. Application is then capable of a finding of a pre-defined image under certain circumstances which is being used for increasing of effectivity of image focusing. Another option is represented by a method that is searching the most suitable area for focusing in the center of the image. A detailed description of these methods and program itself are also included in the thesis. The final part of the thesis contains records of measurement tests with its results.

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Digital image archiving urgently requires advanced techniques for more efficient storage and retrieval methods because of the increasing amount of digital. Although JPEG supply systems to compress image data efficiently, the problems of how to organize the image database structure for efficient indexing and retrieval, how to index and retrieve image data from DCT compressed domain and how to interpret image data semantically are major obstacles for further development of digital image database system. In content-based image, image analysis is the primary step to extract useful information from image databases. The difficulty in content-based image retrieval is how to summarize the low-level features into high-level or semantic descriptors to facilitate the retrieval procedure. Such a shift toward a semantic visual data learning or detection of semantic objects generates an urgent need to link the low level features with semantic understanding of the observed visual information. To solve such a -semantic gap¿ problem, an efficient way is to develop a number of classifiers to identify the presence of semantic image components that can be connected to semantic descriptors. Among various semantic objects, the human face is a very important example, which is usually also the most significant element in many images and photos. The presence of faces can usually be correlated to specific scenes with semantic inference according to a given ontology. Therefore, face detection can be an efficient tool to annotate images for semantic descriptors. In this thesis, a paradigm to process, analyze and interpret digital images is proposed. In order to speed up access to desired images, after accessing image data, image features are presented for analysis. This analysis gives not only a structure for content-based image retrieval but also the basic units ii for high-level semantic image interpretation. Finally, images are interpreted and classified into some semantic categories by semantic object detection categorization algorithm.

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Through air drying (TAD) enables production of premium tissue products with increased softness, absorbency and bulk. On the other hand, the energy consumption of the TAD process is considerably higher than for conventional tissue drying alternatives. Previous studies on the TAD process have indicated that the drying rate for low grammage sheets is independent of the flow of air through the sheets.   The objective of this work has been to investigate and quantify how drying times and drying rates for low grammage sheets are affected by the addition of external web heating in a TAD process. Moist Eucalyptus and softwood sheets with grammages ranging from 15 to 60 g/m2 were dried in a laboratory process by an air flow through them and an IR-dryer with a variable power output. During drying, pressure drop and air flow were measured and an IR-camera recorded surface temperatures which enabled calculation of drying times and drying rates.   Using the IR-dryer to dry sheets shortened the drying time with at least 20 % and up to 60 % compared to sheets dried without IR-heating. Both pulp types and all grammages showed a linear relationship between drying times and the amount of evaporated water. Mass specific drying rates however, were very high for low grammage sheets and decreased rapidly with increasing grammage. Especially for low grammage sheets the drying rate had a very strong dependency on the IR-power and increased significantly with every increasing IR-power level. This finding implies that heat transfer could be a limiting factor when drying low grammage sheets in the TAD process. Another interesting phenomenon was observed for all grammages of the Eucalyptus sheets. Through these sheets the air flow rate increased with increasing IR-power, something that was not seen at all for the softwood sheets.   To summarize, adding external web heating to a TAD process resulted in a positive effect on drying times and drying rates, especially for low grammage sheets typical for the TAD process.

The task of detecting human faces within either a still image or a video frame is one of the most popular object detection problems. For the last twenty years researchers have shown great interest in this problem because it is an essential pre-processing stage for computing systems that process human faces as input data. Example applications include face recognition systems, vision systems for autonomous robots, human computer interaction systems (HCI), surveillance systems, biometric based authentication systems, video transmission and video compression systems, and content based image retrieval systems. In this thesis, non-traditional methods are investigated for detecting human faces within color images or video frames. The attempted methods are chosen such that the required computing power and memory consumption are adequate for real-time hardware implementation. First, a standard color image database is introduced in order to accomplish fair evaluation and benchmarking of face detection and skin segmentation approaches. Next, a new pre-processing scheme based on skin segmentation is presented to prepare the input image for feature extraction. The presented pre-processing scheme requires relatively low computing power and memory needs. Then, several feature extraction techniques are evaluated. This thesis introduces feature extraction based on Two Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT), Two Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D-DWT), geometrical moment invariants, and edge detection. It also attempts to construct a hybrid feature vector by the fusion between 2D-DCT coefficients and edge information, as well as the fusion between 2D-DWT coefficients and geometrical moments. A self organizing map (SOM) based classifier is used within all the experiments to distinguish between facial and non-facial samples. Two strategies are tried to make the final decision from the output of a single SOM or multiple SOM. Finally, an FPGA based framework that implements the presented techniques, is presented as well as a partial implementation. Every presented technique has been evaluated consistently using the same dataset. The experiments show very promising results. The highest detection rate of 89.2% was obtained when using a fusion between DCT coefficients and edge information to construct the feature vector. A second highest rate of 88.7% was achieved by using a fusion between DWT coefficients and geometrical moments. Finally, a third highest rate of 85.2% was obtained by calculating the moments of edges. / Master of Science