Η παρούσα μελέτη εκπονήθηκε στα πλαίσια του Προγράμματος Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών «Νέες Αρχές Διοίκησης Επιχειρήσεων, ΜΒΑ». Σκοπός είναι η ανάλυση της αποδοτικότητας των Ελληνικών Εμπορικών Τραπεζικών Οργανισμών που είναι εισηγμένες στο Χρηματιστήριο Αθηνών, για το διάστημα 2006 – 2010, ουσιαστικά 2 χρόνια πριν και κατά τη διάρκεια της οικονομικής κρίσης, κι επιπλέον ο προσδιορισμός τρόπων βελτίωσης του βαθμού αξιοποίησης των διατιθέμενων πόρων από τις μη αποδοτικές μονάδες. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δυο μέθοδοι ανάλυσης, μέσω Αριθμοδεικτών αποδοτικότητας και η μέθοδος της Περιβάλλουσας Ανάλυσης Δεδομένων (DEA) και ειδικότερα στη δεύτερη περίπτωση επιλύθηκε σε δύο στάδια το μοντέλο CCR, CRS, input oriented. Αναλύθηκαν δύο περιπτώσεις, α) μόνο ενδογενείς μεταβλητές των εταιρειών και β) συμπεριελήφθησαν και εξωγενείς μακροοικονομικές μεταβλητές όπως Πληθωρισμός και ΑΕΠ, ώστε να περιγραφεί και η γενικότερη Οικονομική Κατάσταση. Τα αποτελέσματα της πρώτης μεθόδου, δείχνουν αρκετές τράπεζες να έχουν χαμηλή αποδοτικότητα Efficiency Ratio. Ωστόσο, οι επιμέρους αριθμοδείκτες ROA, ROE και NPM, καταδεικνύουν μη αποτελεσματική τη Geniki Bank κυρίως σε όλα τα έτη και τράπεζες όπως Ταχυδρομικό Ταμιευτήριο, T Bank, Proton Bank, Eurobank, σε συγκεκριμένα έτη κυρίως το 2008. Αξιοσημείωτη είναι η πολύ μεγάλη πτώση στις τιμές όλων των αριθμοδεικτών που αναλύθηκαν για την Αγροτική Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος, το 2010. Στην ανάλυση μέσω της DEA, τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι όταν υπολογίζεται συνολική αποδοτικότητα, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη πολλαπλές εισροές και εκροές, οι τράπεζες σε γενικές γραμμές σε λειτουργικό επίπεδο είναι αποτελεσματικές. Στην πρώτη περίπτωση βγήκαν αναποτελεσματικές οι τράπεζες σε ποσοστό 20%. Από αυτές κυρίως αναποτελεσματική είναι και πάλι η Geniki Bank. Στην δεύτερη περίπτωση, λαμβάνοντας υπόψην τη γενικότερη Οικονομική κατάσταση, το ποσοστό των αναποτελεσματικών Τραπεζών μειώνεται σε μόλις 5%. Σε γενικές γραμμές, ο μεγάλος αριθμός των αποδοτικών μονάδων συνάδει και με τη διαίσθηση που είχαμε γενικότερα, αλλά και απ’ όσα ακούμε σχετικά με την οικονομική κρίση ότι αφενός οι τράπεζες δεν αποτελούν παράγοντα που συντελεί στην οικονομική κρίση και επιπλέον έχουν διαμορφώσει λειτουργικό πλαίσιο που μπορεί να αναπροσαρμόζεται σε όλες τις συνθήκες και να είναι αποδοτικό. / Τhis study was conducted as part of the Postgraduate Program "New Principles of Business Administration, MBA." The aim is to analyze the efficiency of Greek Commercial Bank Institutions listed on the Athens Stock Exchange for the period 2005 - 2010, basically 2 years before and during the financial crisis. There were used two methods of analysis through Efficiency Ratios and the method of Data Envelopment Analysis in the form of two stages model CCR, CRS, input oriented. We analyzed two cases with DEA: a) only discretionary variables and b) with the aid of non discretionary (macroeconomic) variables such as inflation and GDP, in order to describe the overall economic situation. The results of the first method show that several banks have low Efficiency Ratio. However, the ratios ROA, ROE and NPM, demonstrate mainly ineffective Geniki Bank in all years and Banks like TT, T Bank, Proton Bank and Eurobank, in particular years, especially in 2008. It is worth noting that there is very large decline of all ratios for the Agricultural Bank of Greece, in 2010. DEA results indicate that in the banking sector the operational level is effective. In the first case we found inefficient banks up to 20%. Of these most inefficient is the National Bank of Greece (50% in the study period), followed by Geniki Bank and Proton Bank (with a rate of 33.3% inefficiency in the study period). In the second case, the proportion of inefficient banks is reduced to only 11.67%. The difference lies mainly in the National Bank of Greece which in the second model is effective throughout the whole period under study. Generally, the large number of efficient units is consistent with the general sense, about the economic crisis that banks are not a contributing factor to the financial crisis and have developed an operational framework that can be adjusted in all situations and be effective.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000805746.pdf: 978083 bytes, checksum: 58155560b869af3e34c8bb5139043359 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dea Loher, dramaturga nascida no país de Bertolt Brecht, reinventa o teatro político nos anos 90 do século XX, buscando devolver ao teatro seu lugar social que estimula o debate. Com a ascensão do capitalismo e o surgimento dos meios de comunicação de massa, segundo alguns autores, o teatro perdeu espaço face às novas mídias baseadas no consumo de imagens. A proposta de Loher é discutir questões pós-modernas através da literatura, recorrendo a estéticas dramáticas tradicionais que dialogam com o teatro épico e os efeitos de distanciamento brechtianos, assim como alguns recursos da estética pós-dramática. Junto a esses conceitos teatrais, Loher adota da física quântica o Princípio da Incerteza, do físico Heisenberg e técnicas cinematográficas do grupo “Dogma-95”, dos dinamarqueses Lars Von Trier e Thomas Vinterberg, para mostrar no palco a política de forma desfocada com quebras e interrupções fílmicas a fim de proporcionar ao público a possibilidade de reflexão ao tirar do espectador uma visão privilegiada. Essa mistura de estilos pode ser denominada “teatro híbrido” em referência aos estudos de hibridismo cultural do professor Homi Bhabha. Em sua peça mais complexa, Inocência, Loher apresenta um drama com todas essas características revelando o retrato de uma sociedade onde as pessoas vivem em busca de sentido para as próprias vidas tendo que lidar com temas como morte, abandono, fé, Deus, dinheiro, preconceito e amor com o objetivo de refletir sobre os problemas da sociedade pós-moderna, a falência das metanarrativas e do projeto de emancipação humana e a ascensão dos simulacros. A dramaturga faz esta proposta ao seu leitor, optando por um drama cíclico de caráter episódico aparentemente cronológico, revelando no decorrer da história um colapso espácio-temporal. Esta retomada de elementos estéticos caracteriza-se por um hibridismo da forma teatral que afasta Loher do épico ... / Dea Loher, playwright born in Bertolt Brecht’s country, reinvents political theater in the 90s trying to give back to theater its social place that stimulates discussion. With the rising of capitalism and the appearance of mass media, according to some authors, theater lost its space to the media based on the consumption of images. Loher’s proposal is to discuss post-modern issues through literature resorting to traditional dramatic aesthetics that link to the epic theater and the Brechtian V-Effekte, as well as recourses found in the post-dramatic aesthetics. Together with these theatrical concepts, Loher adopts from quantum physics the Uncertainty Principle by the physicist Heisenberg and also some cinematographic techniques by the group “Dogma-95” created by the Danes Lars Von Trier e Thomas Vinterberg to show on stage politics in a blurred way with filmic breaks and interruptions in order to provide the audience with the possibility of reflection as she takes away from the spectator a privileged view. This mixture of styles can be named “hybrid theater” in reference to the studies of hybridism by the Professor Homi Bhabha. In Loher’s most complex play, Innocence, the playwright presents a kind of drama with all these characteristics revealing a portrait of a society where people live searching for a meaning for their own lives having to deal with themes such as death, abandonment, faith, God, money, prejudice and love with the objective of reflecting on the problems of the post-modern society, the falling of the metarratives and the project of human emancipation and the rising of simulacra. The playwright proposes this to her reader, opting for a cyclic and episodic drama that is apparently chronologic, but that reveals throughout the story a collapse of space and time. This resumption of aesthetics elements reveals a certain hybridism of the theatrical form, which deviates Loher from the epic and the post-dramatic and ...

Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-06-05T23:23:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoFelipeDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2302131 bytes, checksum: 9608c489899621db5b05da1df2f9d15c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-06-13T21:07:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoFelipeDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2302131 bytes, checksum: 9608c489899621db5b05da1df2f9d15c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T21:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoFelipeDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2302131 bytes, checksum: 9608c489899621db5b05da1df2f9d15c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / Considerando os óbices para a otimização do gasto público em saúde e a obtenção de um padrão único de desempenho que atenda às diferentes realidades socioeconômicas da população, esta pesquisa objetivou identificar quais fatores estão associados com a eficiência econômica das capitais brasileiras na alocação do gasto com ações e serviços públicos de saúde, no período de 2006 a 2015. Para tanto, o primeiro estágio da pesquisa utilizou a Análise Envoltória de Dados, com retornos variáveis de escala e orientação para outputs, para identificar as capitais eficientes no período, as variações de produtividade e o conjunto de referência para as capitais ineficientes (benchmarks). O segundo estágio da pesquisa utilizou a análise de regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO), com dados em painel e efeitos aleatórios, para encontrar os seus determinantes. Foi utilizada como variável dependente os escores de eficiência calculados no primeiro estágio, e como variáveis explicativas, fatores exógenos sobre os quais os gestores não possuem controle em curto prazo. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que dez capitais foram eficientes em todos os períodos analisados (Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Branco, Recife, Porto Alegre, Manaus, João Pessoa, Fortaleza, Boa Vista e Belo Horizonte), e apenas duas capitais foram eficientes em apenas um ano (Vitória e Campo Grande). As capitais que tiveram os melhores escores de eficiência foram aquelas que tiveram os menores gastos per capita. 57% das indicações para o conjunto de benchmarks ficaram concentradas em cinco capitais das regiões Norte (Rio Branco) e Nordeste (João Pessoa, Recife, Salvador e Fortaleza) do país. Quanto aos fatores determinantes dos níveis de eficiência, três variáveis apresentaram-se significantes: o Produto Interno Bruto per capita, a taxa de urbanização e o percentual da população beneficiada com o abastecimento de água potável. Portanto, conclui-se que o desempenho médio das capitais é considerado satisfatório, embora a variação de produtividade no período tenha sido insuficiente para maioria delas. Neste sentido, há um longo caminho a seguir pelo conjunto das capitais brasileiras para alcançar a máxima eficiência, obter maior produtividade e proporcionar maiores níveis bem-estar social. Isto passa por maiores investimentos distribuição de renda, abastecimento de água potável e urbanização. / Considering the obstacles to the optimization of public expenditure on health and the achievement of a single standard of performance that meets the different socioeconomic realities of the population, this research aimed to identify which factors are associated with the economic efficiency of the Brazilian capital cities in the allocation of the expenditure with actions and public health services, from 2006 to 2015. In thus, the first stage of the research used the Data Envelopment Analysis, with variable returns of scale and orientation for outputs, to identify efficient capitals cities in the period, the productivity changes, and the reference set for inefficient capital cities (benchmarks). The second stage of the research used the regression analysis by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), with panel data and random effects. It was used as a dependent variable the efficiency scores calculated in the first stage, and as explanatory variables, exogenous factors over which managers do not have control in short time. The results of the research show that ten capital cities were efficient in all the analyzed periods (Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Branco, Recife, Porto Alegre, Manaus, João Pessoa, Fortaleza, Boa Vista e Belo Horizonte), and only two capital cities were efficient in just one year (Vitória e Campo Grande). The capital cities that performed better were those with lower per capita expenditures. 57% of the indications for the benchmark set were concentrated in five capital cities of the North (Rio Branco) and Northeast (João Pessoa, Recife, Salvador e Fortaleza) regions of the country. Regarding the determinants of efficiency levels, four variables were significant: the human development index in education, the per capita gross domestic product, the rate of urbanization and the percentage of the population benefited by the provision of potable water. Therefore, it can be concluded that the average capital performance is considered satisfactory, although the productivity variation in the period was insufficient for most of them. In this sense, there is a long way to go for all Brazilian capital cities to achieve maximum efficiency, greater higher productivity and provide higher levels of social well-being. This is due to greater investments in income distribution, potable water supply and urbanization.

A key challenge facing dairy farming is to meet the increasing demand for dairy products from a growing and more affluent global population in a period of unprecedented socio-economic and environmental change. In order to address this challenge, policies are currently placing emphasis on ‘sustainable intensification’ (SI), i.e. producing ‘more’ outputs and services with ‘less’ resources and environmental impacts. Determining whether or not SI can deliver greater yet sustainable dairy production requires understanding of the relationships between sustainability pillars (environmental; economic; and social) and farm aspects (e.g. on-farm management; and animal productivity) under particular farming systems and circumstances (e.g. regional bio-physical conditions). Trade-offs between pillars and aspects is inevitable within a farming system. Many widely-used assessment methods that aim to measure, scale and weight these pillars and aspects are unable to fully capture trade-offs between them. The objectives of this thesis are: 1) to identify key trade-offs in dairy farming systems to inform greater yet sustainable food production; and 2) to introduce models and methodologies aiming at a more holistic measurement and better understanding of dairy farm sustainability. This thesis assesses the sustainability of French and UK dairy farming systems via a farm efficiency benchmarking modelling framework coupled with statistical analyses. It explores the relationships between pillars, aspects and technical, economic and environmental performance; and identifies important drivers/differentials in dairy farm efficiency. Importantly, it also suggests ways in which farm inputs and outputs can be adjusted so that improvements in environmental, technical and economic performance become feasible. Efficiency benchmarking was performed with the multiple-input – multiple-output productive efficiency method Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA calculates single aggregated efficiency indices per farm by accounting for several farm inputs and outputs which the DEA model endogenously scales and weights. In this work, the notion of farm inputs and outputs was extended to also include ‘undesirable’ outputs (greenhouse gas emissions) and environmental impacts (e.g. eutrophication, acidification etc.) of dairy farming. The DEA models employed belong to the family of ‘additive’ models, which have several advantages over ‘traditional’ DEA models. These include their ability (i) to simultaneously increase outputs and reduce inputs, undesirable outputs and environmental impacts; (ii) to identify specific sources of inefficiency. These ‘sources’ represent a farm’s shortfalls in output production and its excesses in input use and/or in undesirable outputs and environmental impacts, relatively to the other farms; (iii) to position undesirable outputs in the output set rather than consider them as inputs or ‘inverse’ outputs; and (iv) to rank farms by efficiency performance. Importantly, this thesis also proposes a new additive model with a ranking property and high discriminatory power. In a second stage, DEA was coupled with partial least squares structural equation modelling (SEM) so as to develop and relate latent variables for environmental performance, animal productivity and on-farm management practices. The results suggested that the efficacy of SI may be compromised by several on-farm trade-offs between pillars, aspects and farm inputs and outputs. Moreover, trade-offs depended on particular farming systems and circumstances. Increasing animal productivity did not always improve farm environmental performance at whole farm-level. Intensifying production at animal and farm-levels, coupled with high reliance on external inputs, reduced farm environmental performance in the French case, i.e. a significant negative relationship was found between intensification and environmental performance (SEM path coefficients ranged between -0.31 and -0.57, p < 0.05). Conversely, in the UK case, systems representing animal-level intensification (via genetic selection) for increased milk fat plus protein production performed better, on average, than controls of UK average genetic merit for milk fat plus protein production in terms of technical efficiency (DEA scores between 0.91– 0.92 versus 0.78–0.79) and environmental efficiency (scores between 0.92–0.93 versus 0.80), regardless of whether on a low-forage or high-forage diet. The levels of inefficiency in (undesirable) outputs, inputs and environmental impacts varied among farming systems and depended on the regional and managerial characteristics of each system. For instance, in France, West farms had higher eutrophication inefficiencies than East farms (average normalized eutrophication inefficiencies were, respectively 0.141 and 0.107), perhaps because of their more intensive production practices. However, West farms were more DEA-efficient than East farms as the former benefited from bio-physical conditions more favourable to dairy farming (mean DEA score ranks were 97 for West and 83 for East). Such findings can guide policy incentives for SI in different regions or dairy systems. The proposed modelling framework significantly contributes to current knowledge and the search for the best pathways to SI, improves widely-used modelling approaches, and challenges earlier findings based on less holistic exercises.

Este artigo analisa a eficiência do gasto público em educação nos municípios brasileiros para o ano de 2011. Utilizaram-se os resultados da Prova Brasil para as disciplinas de matemática e língua portuguesa como medida de produto e foi feita a construção de uma fronteira de eficiência através dos métodos DEA e FDH. Os resultados mostram que a distribuição da eficiência não é uniforme, sendo as regiões Norte e Nordeste menos eficientes que as demais, notadamente em relação ao Sul e ao Sudeste. Na análise dos determinantes da eficiência, os resultados indicam que número de professores com ensino superior e IDHM contribuem positivamente para maior eficiência, ao passo que o abandono escolar e a distorção idade-série impactam negativamente. Via regressão quantílica, evidencia-se que o efeito dessas variáveis é distinto em função dos quantis da distribuição da eficiência. Interpretações adicionais dos resultados são obtidos através do método de fronteira Order-α. O estudo sugere que, a partir de um determinado nível, não há evidência de que maior gasto público implique aumento da aprendizagem. Uma melhor aplicação dos recursos pode elevar a nota das provas sem aumento de gasto público. / This paper analyzes the e ciency of public spending on education in Brazilian municipalities for the year 2011. The results of the Prova Brazil for math and portuguese language were used as product measure and the construction of an e cient frontier was made through DEA and FDH methods. The results show that the distribution of e ciency is not uniform. The North and Northeast regions are more ine cient than others, especially with respect to South and Southeast. In the analysis of the determinants of e ciency, the results indicate that the number of teachers with higher education and IDHM contribute positively to greater e ciency, while school dropouts and age/grade distortion impact negatively. By quantile regression, it is evident that the effect of these variables is di erent depending on the quantile distribution e ciency. Additional interpretations of the results are obtained through the partial frontier approaches, with Order-α method. This study suggests that, from a certain level, there is no evidence that higher levels of public spending implies increased learning. A better use of resources can raise the test scores without increasing public spending.

Este estudo visa avaliar o desempenho do sistema através da análise de eficiência no setor de Concessões de Rodovias do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foi utilizada como técnica de medição a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), a qual mede a eficiência relativa entre unidades comparáveis. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas as variáveis de insumos que melhor representam as decisões gerenciais das empresas. Desta forma, foram construídos quatro modelos para análise, considerando dois diferentes pontos de vista: do empresário e do gestor do sistema. Os dados financeiros e qualitativos utilizados nos modelos foram obtidos de fontes oficiais. As análises tiveram como foco a evolução do desempenho das concessionárias ao longo dos anos de contrato para um período de quatro anos, bem como a avaliação de eficiência de escala e a correlação de resultados financeiros com indicadores qualitativos. Em relação à DEA, os modelos foram orientados para a redução na utilização de insumos, considerando tecnologia de retornos variáveis e questões relativas à escala. Os resultados deste trabalho podem auxiliar na tomada de decisões dos fornecedores do serviço e do gestor (órgão regulador) das concessões, uma vez que fornecem informações relevantes decorrentes do uso de instrumentos analíticos ainda pouco explorados. / This study aims to evaluate system performance through the efficiency analysis of Highways Concessions’ sector of Rio Grande do Sul State. Thus, as measurement technique, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used, which measures the relative efficiency among comparable units. This study used the input variables that better represent the management decisions of the companies. In this way, four models were built for analysis, considering two different points of view: the undertaker and the manager of the system. The financial and qualitative data used in the models were obtained from official sources. The analyses had as focus the performance evolution of the concessionaires along the years of contract for a period of four years, as well as the evaluation of scale efficiency and the correlation of financial results with qualitative indicators. Related to DEA, the models were oriented to inputs use reduction, considering technology of variable returns and scale factors. The results of this work can aid in the decision making of the service suppliers and the manager (regulatory sector) of the concessions, once they provide relevant information due to the use of analytical instruments still not much explored.

Avaliar universidades não é novidade, e, não suficiente, não é atividade-fim, mas premissa. Esta pesquisa faz uma análise temporal da eficiência relativa de 93 departamentos acadêmicos da UFRGS entre os anos de 1998 e 2007, empregando a técnica de modelagem matemática chamada análise envoltória de dados. Para tanto, o pesquisador utilizou como indicadores de avaliação três fatores de recurso e nove de produto, todos ligados uniformemente a ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Não obstante, a pesquisa ainda estabelece uma relação entre os resultados obtidos no modelo replicado com o modelo hoje adotado pela Universidade para estabelecer um critério justo e igualitário de distribuição das vagas docentes: o índice departamental, instituído em 2001. O trabalho está amparado por ampla pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito de avaliação de instituições de ensino e a técnica de modelagem DEA, passando ainda por diversos estudos que abordam esses modelos. Através de método quantitativo na análise dos dados e qualitativo na validação, o autor apresenta os resultados obtidos. Entre os pontos que cabem destaque, a dissertação de Bandeira (2000), serviu como norteadora do início das atividades do modelo DEA que, passados onze anos, revelou-se progressivamente atual. Por fim, a presente pesquisa confirmou que o modelo aplicado por Bandeira em 2000 merece atualizações, mas preserva indicadores que são próprios aos departamentos. Além disso, as análises em três aninhamentos distintos provou a continuação de certa homogeneidade na eficiência relativa dos 93 departamentos. / To evaluate the universities is not new, but differently from what people think is not activityend, but the premise for quality of services. This research is a temporal analysis of the relative efficiency of ninety-three academic departments of UFRGS between the years 1998 and 2007, using the mathematical modeling technique called data envelopment analysis. For this, the researcher used as indicators to assess three factors and nine feature product, all uniformly connected in teaching, research and extension. Nevertheless, the survey also establishes a relationship between the results obtained in the model replicated and in the model now adopted by the University to establish a fair and equitable criteria for distribution of teaching jobs: the index department, established in 2001. The work is supported by extensive research literature on evaluation of educational institutions and DEA modeling technique, passing by several further studies on these models. Through quantitative method in qualitative data analysis and validation, the author presents the results obtained. Among the prominent points that fit the dissertation of Bandeira (2000), served as the guideline for the inauguration of the DEA model that, after eleven years, has proved increasingly current. Finally, this research confirmed that the model used by Bandeira in 2000 deserves updates, but preserves indicators that are specific to departments. Moreover, the analysis into three distinct nesting proved the continuation of homogeneity in the relative efficiency of ninetythree departments.

Submitted by Rodrigo SABIA (rsabia@gmail.com) on 2014-02-24T17:30:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Rodrigo Sabiá_vf.pdf: 481732 bytes, checksum: 0e8e8dd5934225ba3133b26965c0f623 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2014-02-24T19:20:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Rodrigo Sabiá_vf.pdf: 481732 bytes, checksum: 0e8e8dd5934225ba3133b26965c0f623 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-24T19:22:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Rodrigo Sabiá_vf.pdf: 481732 bytes, checksum: 0e8e8dd5934225ba3133b26965c0f623 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-05 / The present work aims to compare, using Data Envelopment Analysis input oriented model, the efficiency of commercial banks operating in developed economies (G10 countries) with the efficiency of commercial banks operating in the Brazilian market. First, banks are compared using a 'basic' model, which considers only the results of the operations of each bank and does not take into account the economic and regulatory characteristics of each market. Then, a 'complete' model is introduced, incorporating the environmental characteristics of the business environment in each country. The comparison between the two models shows that country-specific environmental conditions exercise a strong influence over the behavior of each country’s industry. Banks operating in Brazil, in general, were found more efficient than banks operating in more developed economies, when we consider the impact of environmental variables on the efficiency of the institutions. / O presente trabalho visa comparar, através do modelo de Data Envelopment Analysis orientado a inputs, a eficiência dos bancos comerciais que atuam em economias desenvolvidas dos países do G10 com a eficiência dos bancos comerciais que atuam no mercado brasileiro. Primeiramente, os bancos são comparados utilizando-se um modelo ‘simples’, que considera somente os resultados das operações de cada banco e não contempla as características econômicas e regulatórias de cada mercado. Na sequência, um modelo ‘completo’ é introduzido, incorporando as características do ambiente de negócios de cada país, além dos resultados de cada banco. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que as variáveis ambientais exercem grande influência na eficiência da indústria bancária. Os bancos que atuam no Brasil, de forma geral, mostraram-se mais eficientes do que os bancos que atuam nas economias mais desenvolvidas, quando consideramos o impacto das variáveis ambientais na eficiência das instituições.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-10-25T09:34:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 323315 bytes, checksum: 30760075a1bfa907fc85f5472adce44d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T09:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 323315 bytes, checksum: 30760075a1bfa907fc85f5472adce44d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-06-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A modernização da agricultura é progressiva. Do ponto de vista econômico, produtores que não conseguem inovar ou ajustar as suas estruturas tecnológicas e de custo diante da redução dos preços recebidos estão fadados à inviabilização do seu negócio. Neste contexto, ferramentas que quantifiquem a atividade e facilitem o processo de tomada de decisão no gerenciamento da atividade, tornam-se relevantes nos dias atuais. Os usos eficientes dos fatores de produção e dos insumos são necessários para obtenção da eficiência econômica. Esta eficiência é fundamental para que o produtor maximize o lucro, seja competitivo e possa permanecer atuando na atividade leiteira. O número de produtores de leite vem se reduzindo em todos os tipos de sistemas de produção explorados (gado holandês, mestiço e zebu). Com base nesta realidade, pode-se inferir que há ineficiências técnicas em várias unidades de produção. A construção de fronteiras de eficiência técnica para os diferentes sistemas é possível e, a partir delas, os produtores menos eficientes poderão se orientar na busca da competitividade. A abordagem utilizada para determinação da fronteira de produção foi a análise envoltória de dados (DEA). O primeiro requisito para participar deste estudo foi a existência de registros zootécnicos e econômicos nas propriedades. Através da DEA, obtiveram-se as medidas de eficiência técnica para os modelos de fluxo monetário e estoque de capitais, objetivando análises de eficiência no curto e no longo prazo, respectivamente. Em cada análise, separaram-se os produtores (105) em dois grupos, eficientes e ineficientes. No modelo de fluxo, 51 são eficientes, com eficiência técnica igual a 100%. No modelo de estoque, 15 são eficientes, com eficiência técnica igual ou superior a 90,0% e os demais, em cada modelo, para completar o grupo de 105 produtores, foram considerados ineficientes. Os grupos de produtores, de acordo com os modelos e o padrão racial dos rebanhos, foram comparados, segundo alguns indicadores de desempenho favoráveis aos eficientes, técnico e legitimando econômico, tal os classificação. quais Nos se mostraram grupos de ineficientes, analisaram-se as possibilidades de reduções relativas das variáveis, insumos ou fatores de produção, em relação aos eficientes dos modelos de fluxo e estoque. Observou-se que a importância de cada uma correlaciona-se com a sua participação no custo operacional total ou do capital imobilizado na atividade. Através dos modelos de estoque, constatou-se a existência de investimentos indevidos na produção de leite. Apresentaram-se as fazendas referências ou benchmarks que mais influenciaram os resultados de eficiência, com os seus respectivos indicadores zootécnicos e econômicos. Os resultados obtidos pelos benchmarks indicam que a atividade é rentável e atrativa. Por fim, compararam- se os produtores eficientes e ineficientes dos sistemas de produção de gado holandês, mestiço e zebu, estratificados segundo a escala de produção, pela renda líquida disponível da atividade. Constatou-se que, para os produtores eficientes, maior escala significa maior renda. Há produtores ineficientes com renda líquida nula ou negativa, demonstrando que, para estes, é grande o risco de saída da atividade. / The modernization of agriculture is progressive. Under the economic viewpoint, the producers who do not attain to innovate or adjust their technological structures as well as the costs upon the reduction in the received prices are fated to the inviability of their businesses. In this context, actually the tools that quantify the activity and facilitate the making decision process in the management of an activity become very important. The efficient use of either the production factors and inputs are necessary to attain the economic efficiency. This efficiency is fundamental so that the producer can maximize the profit, besides being competitive and able to remain acting in the dairy activity. The number of milk producers has been reducing in all types of explored production systems (Holstein, crossbred, and zebu cattle). Based on this reality, one might infer that there are technical inefficiencies in several units of production. The construction of technically efficient borders for the different systems is possible, and from them the less efficient producers will be guided in the search for competitiveness. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) was the approach used for determination of the production border. To participate in this study, the first requirement was the availability of economic and zootechnical registers in the rural properties. Through DEA, the measures of technical efficiency for the monetary flow and capital stock models were obtained in order to accomplish the efficiency analyses in the short and long runs, respectively. In each analysis, the producers (105) were separated into two groups, that is the efficient group and the inefficient one. In flow model, 51 producers are efficient, with a technical efficiency of 100%. In stock model, 15 producers are efficient, with a technical efficiency equal or superior to 90.0%, while and the other ones in each model were considered as inefficient producers, in order to complete the group of 105 producers. The producer groups according to the models and racial pattern of the livestock were compared, based on some indicators of economic and technical performance, which were shown to be favorable to the efficient producers, therefore legitimating such a classification. In the inefficient groups, the possibilities for relative reductions in the variables, input or production factors, were analyzed in relation to the efficient ones of both flow and stock models. The importance of each one was observed to be correlated with its participation into the total operational cost or of the capital immobilized in this activity. The existence of improper investments in milk production was verified through the stock models. The reference farms or benchmarks that had more influence the efficiency were shown with their respective zootechnical and economic indicators. The results obtained by the benchmarks point out that this activity is profitable and attractive. Finally, a comparison was performed between the efficient and inefficient producers in the production systems of the Holstein, crossbred and zebu cattle, stratified according to the production scale, by the available net income in the activity. It was also verified that for the efficient producers a higher scale means a higher income. There are inefficient producers with either null or negative net income, therefore a high risk for these producers to give up the dairy activity. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-11-10T12:02:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1261220 bytes, checksum: eb91e055c15aeca8ec247cdada5e2e19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T12:02:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1261220 bytes, checksum: eb91e055c15aeca8ec247cdada5e2e19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo analisou as disparidades regionais no setor de saúde das sessenta e seis microrregiões do Estado de Minas Gerais, nos anos de 1991 e 2000. O referencial teórico utilizado foi dividido em três partes, ou seja, o conceito de eqüidade, a função alocativa do governo e a teoria da produção, especificamente a função de produção. A metodologia que deu suporte aos objetivos desta pesquisa baseou-se na análise fatorial, análise de agrupamento e abordagem não-paramétrica de análise envoltoria de dados. Com o objetivo de identificar microrregiões homogêneas, foram construídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 composto por 42 microrregiões e o Grupo 2 por 24 microrregiões. Após a identificação dos grupos, desenvolveu-se uma análise intertemporal da eficiência técnica das microrregiões homogêneas, utilizando a abordagem intertemporal dos dados em painel. Os resultados da análise demonstraram a ocorrência de diferenças significativas no nível de eficiência técnica, entre as microrregiões pertencentes aos grupos formados. No Grupo 1, as microrregiões de Andrelandia, Itaguara, Para de Minas, Três Marias e Unai foram as mais eficientes durante todo o período analisado, apresentando escores médios de eficiência igual a 1. Entretanto, a microrregião de Itabira foi a mais ineficiente, com escore médio estimado em 0,611, indicando que para que seja considerada eficiente, em média, sua produção deveria crescer aproximadamente 64%. No Grupo 2, as microrregiões de Grão Mogol, Ipatinga e Mantena apresentaram os maiores escores médios, sendo que, em contrapartida, a microrregião de Viçosa foi a mais ineficiente, com escore médio estimado em 0,629. Em relação a convergência/divergência do índice de eficiência relativa da alocação de recursos do SUS, de acordo com os testes de convergência realizados, constatou-se que, para as microrregiões, em geral houve uma tendência para as microrregiões mais eficientes crescerem mais que aquelas mais ineficientes, durante todo o período de estudo. Quanto a mudança na eficiência técnica, verifica-se que, o Grupo 1 e Grupo 2, individualmente, a eficiência no período cresceu, em média, a uma taxa de 5% e 10%, respectivamente. A existência de ineficiências na produção indica que existe grande potencial de aumento na oferta de atendimento a saúde da população das microrregiões mineiras. Para tanto, é necessário que seja solucionado o problema de ineficiência técnica na produção, melhorando, desta forma, o desempenho das microrregiões. As estratégias de apoio para as microrregiões melhorarem suas performances devem ser diferenciadas, levando- se em conta o nível de eficiência técnica, bem como orientando-se pelas microrregiões que lhes servem de benchmarks e o hiato da produção de cada microrregião analisada. Desta forma, haverá subsidios para uma ótima alocação de recursos produtivos e melhoria do desempenho. Em geral, os resultados indicam que, entre as microrregiões dos dois grupos analisados, a alocação dos recursos no setor de saúde de apresenta diferenças em eficiência, sendo que, as políticas de promoção do setor devem ser diferenciadas entre as microrregiões, levando-se em consideração tais diferenças. Uma forma de eliminar as disparidades regionais no Estado de Minas Gerais é a mudança na forma de alocação de recursos no setor de saíde, uma vez que a distribuição de recursos leva em consideração apenas a população de cada microrregião. Dever-se-ia, então, contrapor um sistema de alocação, que contivesse atributos de eficiência e de qualidade de saúde da populagao de cada microrregião. Portanto, espera-se que o novo índice criado neste estudo venha a cumprir o papel permanente de distribuição de recursos do SUS para as microrregiões homogêneas, O que, efetivamente, não pode ser alcançado com regras como as que atualmente Vigoram. / A study was carried out to analyze the regional disparities in the health sector of all sixty six microregions in Minas Gerais State, relative to 1991 and 2000. The theoretical referential was divided into three parts: the equity concept, the government's allocable function, and the production theory, specifically the production function. The methodology that provided support to the objectives of this research was based on factorial analysis, grouping analysis, and no- parametric approach of the data envelopment analyzes. Aiming at the identification of the homogeneous microregions, two groups were constructed: Group 1 composed by 42 microregions, and Group 2 by 24 microregions. After the identification of the groups, an intertemporal analysis concerning to the technical efficiency of the homogeneous microregions was developed, by using the intertemporal approach of the data in panel. The results of this analysis showed the occurrence of significant differences at the technical efficiency level among the microregions pertaining to the formed groups. In Group 1, the most efficient microregions throughout the analyzed period were Andrelandia, Itaguara, Para de Minas, Trés Marias and Unai, as presenting average efficiency scores equal to 1. However, the most inefficient microregion was Itabira, from which the estimated average score was 0.611, so pointing out that its production should increase about 64%, on average, in order to be considered as an efficient microregion. In Group 2, Grao Mogol, Ipatinga and Mantena were the microregions presenting the highest average scores, but in compensation Vicosa was the most inefficient microregion, from which the average score was 0.629. In relation to convergence/divergence of the relative efficiency index of the SUS resource allocation, according to the accomplished convergence tests, in general, there was a tendency for the most efficient microregions to grow more than those more inefficient ones throughout the period under study. Relative to change in the technical efficiency, for Group 1 and Group 2 individually, the efficiency was increased at an average rate of 5% and 10% over the period, respectively. The inefficiencies in the production rather indicate that there is high potential for the increased attendance supply to the population’s health in the microregions of Minas Gerais State. Thus, the technical inefficiency problem in the production should be solved, so improving the performance of the microregions. The supporting strategies for the microregions to improve their performances should be differentiated, by taking into account the technical efficiency level, as well as to be guided by the microregions that serve them as benchmarks and the hiatus in the production of each analyzed microregion. This way, there will be subsidies for an optimum allocation of the productive resources as well as an improved performance. Among the microregions of the two analyzed groups, generally the results indicate that the allocation of resources in the health sector shows different efficiencies, as well as the sector promotion policies should be differentiated among the microregions, by taking into account these differences. A way to eliminate the regional disparities in Minas Gerais State is the change in the resource allocation form at the health sector, since the resource distribution only takes into account the population in each microregion. Then, it should oppose an allocation system that contained the attributes of either efficiency and health quality of the population in each microregion. Therefore, it is expected that the new index from this study to accomplishing the permanent paper concerning to the SUS resource distribution for the homogeneous microregions, which cannot be effectively attained with rules such as the actual ones. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria