Thesis (Ph. D)--UCLA, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-159).

In the following study, a lexical emotion recognition test via written stimuli was administered to 10 (8 male and 2 female) brain injured participants. Performance of brain injured individuals was compared to 30 non brain injured adults. A two way analysis of variance (groups, conditions) revealed significant effects for groups, conditions, and the interaction of groups and conditions. Implications and significance of the present results for future research are discussed. / text

No description available.

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal presentar una aproximación al diagnóstico del estado actual del quechua ayacuchano del centro poblado de Canaria del lexicón en relación a los préstamos léxicos. Se pretende mostrar qué préstamos léxicos del castellano están presentes en el lenguaje cotidiano de los quechuahablantes de la comunidad. Además, se analizarán los préstamos léxicos en base al efecto positivo o negativo que puedan tener sobre el vocabulario nativo quechua con el fin de determinar la direccionalidad del cambio lingüístico en la comunidad de Canaria. Para ello, se presentará un registro de préstamos léxicos en quechua que poseen un alto grado de frecuencia de uso y son utilizados en Canaria tanto por los monolingües de quechua como por los bilingües quechua-castellano. Por ello, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como tareas básicas recopilar, registrar y analizar un corpus de préstamos léxicos en quechua que son usados diariamente por adultos, adolescentes y niños, en un marco de interpretación de contacto de lenguas. Esta tesis es de naturaleza descriptiva, pretende llegar a un mayor conocimiento de la estructura de los préstamos y sus características semánticas. Asimismo, se pretende develar las principales motivaciones sociales que facilitan la incorporación de nuevos préstamos. Para propósitos del análisis, se recopiló un corpus de 426 préstamos léxicos en trabajo de campo. Los colaboradores monolingües fueron entrevistados sobre sus anécdotas, costumbres e historias del pueblo a fin de lograr conversaciones espontáneas. Los colaboradores bilingües narraron cuentos sobre temas de naturaleza, escuela y fauna. Los resultados de los colaboradores monolingües fueron contrastados con los de los hablantes bilingües. Una vez contrastado el corpus, se extrajeron las conclusiones relevantes para responder a las hipótesis del trabajo en base al análisis de la tipología de préstamos y el grado de contacto de lenguas en la comunidad, dicho análisis se hizo bajo dos marcos teóricos interactuantes: la escala de préstamos de Sarah Thomason (2001) y la tipología de préstamos propuesta en el marco teórico. Esta tesis está organizada en seis capítulos interdependientes: En el capítulo I, se presentan aspectos generales sobre la comunidad lingüística estudiada, la historia del contacto lingüístico en el centro poblado de Canaria. Asimismo, se describen las características lingüísticas del dialecto ayacuchano. En el capítulo II, se desarrollan los antecedentes de la investigación. De este modo, se presenta un breve recuento de un grupo de tesis y artículos científicos en los que se han abordado la temática de los préstamos léxicos del castellano en otras variedades de quechua. En el capítulo III, se presenta el planteamiento del estudio, el cual incluye la formulación de los problemas de investigación y sus respectivas hipótesis; luego se presenta la delimitación de los objetivos, la justificación e importancia del estudio y las limitaciones del trabajo. En el capítulo IV, se proponen los fundamentos teóricos para el análisis de los préstamos. Se estudian los préstamos léxicos en el marco del contacto de lenguas. Así, se presenta la escala de préstamos de Sarah Thomason para medir el grado de contacto lingüístico en la comunidad estudiada. También, se describen los procesos de incorporación de préstamos más frecuentes. Finalmente, se propone una tipología de préstamo, que ayudará a clasificar el efecto de los préstamos léxicos del castellano en el lexicón del quechua ayacuchano. En el capítulo V, se presenta el marco metodológico, donde se expone la metodología que rige esta tesis, seguida de las técnicas e instrumentos para la obtención del corpus y un registro de los colaboradores. En el capítulo VI, se realiza el análisis lingüístico de los préstamos léxicos. El corpus se ha agrupado en dos muestras: (1) monolingües de quechua y (2) bilingües quechua-castellano. Se realiza el análisis según el factor de bilingüismo y la edad de los colaboradores, ya que ambos grupos arrojan resultados diferentes.

No presente trabalho, propomo-nos analisar a flexão de número dos nomes terminados em ditongo nasal em português europeu à luz da Fonologia Lexical. O nosso estudo pretende discutir o estatuto fonológico do ditongo nasal e da vogal nasal presente nos nomes em português europeu, identificar o processo fonológico responsável pela derivação de ambos e verificar se a pluralização dos nomes terminados em ditongo nasal é um fenómeno regular, apesar da variedade de manifestações de superfície, e previsível a partir das formas teóricas de base. Dado que na flexão de número dos nomes terminados em ditongo nasal em português europeu se regista uma interacção entre processos morfológicos e fonológicos, optámos pelo modelo teórico da Fonologia Lexical. Concluímos que o processo de nasalização por estabilidade, que opera no pós-léxico, gera o ditongo nasal e a vogal nasal. De acordo com este processo, a nasal subespecificada é desassociada, por não possuir traços articulatórios, dando origem a um autossegmento nasal que é preservado como flutuante, graças ao efeito da estabilidade, um dos princípios da Fonologia Autossegmental, até ser reassociado ao núcleo de onde percola até atingir as vogais que o compõem. Após termos analisado um corpus de x palavras, constatámos que a pluralização dos nomes terminados em ditongo nasal é um fenómeno regular e previsível a partir das formas teóricas de base. Todavia, as formas do singular das palavras com vogal temática –e revelam uma aparente excepcionalidade, uma vez que a forma de superfície do singular não preserva a forma teórica do radical ou do tema da palavra (*pã(e), *leõ(e)). Cremos que a fusão das três terminações do singular numa só resulta da influência analógica da alternância mais frequente, /ano/ [ɐw].(...)

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Tartu, 2006. / Thesis based on five papers. Includes bibliographical references.

This piece of research analyses lexical inferencing, the process of working out the meanings of unknown words using context clues. Three main aspects are considered: to what extent subjects succeed or fail in making plausible inferences about word meaning, their feelings and attitudes towards the process, and the techniques or strategies which they resQrt to. The thesis is structured as a research narrative, pre~ senting twelve studies dating from 1983 to 1989. Subjects were adult Brazilians, reading in English as a foreign language, and/or in their native language, Portuguese. Adult lexical inference is shown to be more successful than previous studies using children reading in their native language had suggested. Evidence is presented to suggest that subjects characteristically use~ a narrow context of a few words on either side of the target item in attempting lexical inference, and that this breadth of context was sufficient for most inferences. The suggestion that there may be a vocabulary 'threshold', below which lexical inference is impeded, is rejected. Implausible inferences came generally either from mis-recognition of word forms, or from ignoring wider amounts of context. Evidence is presented to suggest that familiarity of the underlying concept is a major variable. Subjects' hypotheses about word meaning were mostly at an appropriate level of specificity, and gradually refined as more evidehce became available. There was little evidence of over-certainty. Further variables of importance are subjects' beliefs about what "knowing" a word is, and their level of awareness about the lexical inference process. A wide range of feelings (positive, negative and of caution) were observed. No one pattern of strategy use was firmly aS$ociated with greater lexical inference success rates. Instead, subjects made great use of background knowledge and lexis-based strategies and little use of discoursal or grammatical features.

Participants read aloud a set of nonword letter strings, one at a time that varied in the number of letters. The standard result was observed in two experiments; the time to begin reading aloud increased as letter length increases. This result is standardly understood as reflecting the operation of a serial, left to right translation of graphemes into phonemes. The novel result is that the effect of letter length is statistically eliminated for nonwords that have been repeated a small number of times. This elimination suggests that these nonwords are no longer always being read aloud via a serial left to right sublexical process. Instead, the data are taken as evidence that new orthographic and phonological lexical entries have been created for these nonwords, and that they are now read at least sometimes by recourse to the lexical route. Experiment 2 replicates the interaction between nonword letter length and repetition observed in Experiment 1 and also demonstrates that this interaction is not seen when subjects merely classify the string as appearing in upper or lower case. Implications for existing dual route models of reading aloud and Share???s self-teaching hypothesis are discussed.

No description available.

This thesis examines the degree to which lexical and nonlexical procedures for word naming represent distinct processing strategies. A series of experiments were aimed at testing the hypothesis that grapheme-phoneme conversion is relatively more attention demanding than lexical processing (Paap & Noel, 1991). Contrary to predictions of a slowing of the nonlexical route, word naming in Experiment 1 was not affected by a concurrent digit memory load. Experiment 2 failed to support the prediction that the lexical route is susceptible to interference from a visual dot pattern load. In Experiment 3, standard word naming without a memory load produced similar effects of word frequency and regularity to those found in the memory load conditions. The failure to observe shifts in processing strategy in response to load manipulations is tentatively attributed to the predominance of lexical processing due to the nature of disyllabic words. In Experiment 4, a digit load failed to modulate consistency effects but naming latencies decreased with increasing load, as did nonword naming latencies in Experiment 5. It is suggested that readers strategically lower the criterion for initiating a pronunciation in response to task difficulty. Finally, phonological decision latencies in Experiment 6 slowed down from low to high load when at least one item was a pseudohomophone or a nonword. The results imply that nonlexical processing is attention demanding when an accurate phonological code must be assembled in the absence of lexical information. The lack of concurrence costs on word latencies suggests that a relatively automatic lexical procedure may predominate in generating word-specific phonology. Contrasting effects of load are interpreted as indicating distinct lexical and nonlexical strategies and are taken to support dual-route models of word recognition.