The Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) first launched Doi Moi [Renovation] in 1986—10 years after the VCP officially assumed power in 1976 of the Socialist Republics of Vietnam. As the VCP describes, Doi Moi is a comprehensive economic reform package with new initiatives toward building “a mixed economy” that introduces “market mechanism with state management and a socialist orientation” to Vietnam’s economy. With Doi Moi, pragmatism has evidently taken center stage in place of dogmatic concerns for ideological correctness. The thesis seeks to first examine the conditions and factors that gave impetus for the economic reforms in Vietnam. These conditions and factors are especially evident when they are examined in a comparative context with the Soviet Union and China’s experiences with similar reforms as they are done here in the thesis. Moreover, the change of orientation from a centrally planned economy to market-oriented economy is reflected in Doi Moi’s decentralization and economic liberalization reforms as well as the VCP’s opening up to international reintegration and reconciliation with namely the United States. From this examination, it is apparent that at the crux of the VCP’s decision to pursue reforms and the Vietnamese people's support for reforms are fundamental considerations of self and political interests—the VCP's to stay in power and the people's to subsist and prosper. Whether reforms are socialist or capitalist—in form or in practice—are thus of lesser importance to the VCP and Vietnamese people than whether reforms work or do not work. / text

<p>This report describes and evaluates an application development framework called DOI, which is used for building document-oriented applications. A document-oriented application is an application where the user interface promotes a workflow that is tightly coupled to the business objects, instead of for example the functionality (as is the case in function-oriented applications).</p><p>The report provides a brief description of the underlying technologies, Java and Enterprise JavaBeans, followed by a description of the DOI framework. This entails technical descriptions as well as a more general overview of the framework and associated tools. There is also a more detailed description of how to create an application provided in an appendix.</p><p>In the evaluation phase we consider the following attributes: usability, extensibility, code quality and developing time. After taking into consideration how the different parts of the framework affect these attributes we conclude that DOI is a usable and extensible framework, which should contribute a great deal in the development process for applications belonging to the domain of applications targeted by the framework.</p>

À partir d'une libéralisation de l'économie instaurée en 1986 par le Doi Moi, ce qui signifie «changer pour faire du neuf », les artistes vietnamiens ont entrepris de rénover, sous l'angle de la contemporanéité, l'expression artistique traditionnelle selon des techniques nouvelles, empruntées à l'art occidental. Profondément attachés à la culture vietnamienne et à l'artisanat traditionnel, ils ont cependant créé des œuvres témoignant à la fois de leurs héritages et de leur ouverture à l’art contemporain international, pour les présenter au Vietnam et en divers lieux du monde. Ils ont alors instauré une relation dialectique entre l’histoire et le présent, pour aborder, en affirmant leur singularité, des thématiques concernant la société, la tradition et la politique. Ainsi, à travers leur questionnement «ouvert », dans le sens qu'Umberto Eco a donné à ce terme, les artistes vietnamiens s’inscrivent aujourd’hui pleinement dans l’art actuel, ses multiples pratiques (y compris la vidéo et les installations) et ses diverses théorisations. / From a large opening of economy introduced in 1986 by the Doi Moi, which mans « change to the new », Vietnamese artists made a reform of the traditional artistic expression in term contemporary, with new technicals borrowed from Western Art. Deeply attached to the Vietnamese culture and to traditional crafts, they created works recalling their heritage and the opening to international contemporary art, to show in Vietnam and in various places of the world. They introduced a dialectical relationship between history and the present, to discuss, stating their singular nature, themes on society, tradition and politics.Through their question “open” in the meaning that Umberto Eco has given to this term, Vietnamese artists are now fully part of contemporary art, with the multiple practices (including video and installations) and the various theories.

The diploma thesis titled "Political developments in Vietnam from 1954 to the present" focuses on the political development of Vietnam after the war in Indochina until present days. It describes what led Ho Chi Minh to adopt communism, after what and by whom he was inspired and why communism has nowadays still a strong position in Vietnam. The main attention is devoted to the reforms of Doi Moi, that have lifted the country's economy. It outlines the positive and negative aspects following the introduction of these reforms.

Since the Vietnamese Communist Party passed the resolution to implement the ¡§Doi Moi¡¨ policy in the sixth National Congress in December 1986, Vietnam¡¦s economy has transformed from state-controlled economic system to market and socialism-oriented economy. This change of economic system has contributed to the recent economic improvement in Vietnam, a key point of studying Vietnam¡¦s political development. On the perspective of political economy, modernization theory contends that economic development helps political democratization, whereas stably hegemony theory argues that economic achievement may bring about stability for authoritarian regimes. Based on state theory, this paper takes two dimensions, i.e. state autonomy and state capacity, to examine the issue whether the Vietnamese state will be influenced after Vietnam¡¦s political and economic reforms. This paper concludes that modernization theory is not able to explain the current political economy of Vietnam, because Vietnam did not change from a strong state to a weak state. Rather, Vietnam maintains a strong state, which fits the explanation of state theory.

The United States and Vietnam broke the deadlock after-Vietnam-War in 1995, and both of them make far progress on the fields of economy and strategic safety. Vietnam has performed well on economic development since the Doi Moi in 1991. In 2001, USA and Vietnam signed the trade agreement and developed faster. The relationship between USA and Vietnam gradually recovered in the past ten years, and which played an important role of Asia circumstance and region safety. In the process of normalization of the relationship between two countries, there are several China¡¦s factors such political, economic, and strategic benefits for both sides. Therefore, when researching USA strategy for South East Asia, Vietnam plays an important role. This research is based on geopolitics to study the process and factors of USA and Vietnam relationship. Then it could see that their relationship will develop faster and closer.

New corrole–BODIPY conjugates have been synthesized in high yield under mild conditions. Upon excitation at the absorption maximum of the BODIPY antenna chromophore, the fluorescence intensity of the free base corrole–BODIPY conjugate increases by ca. 300%, and significant phosphorescence intensity is observed for the iridium(III) complex of the conjugate, while almost no phosphorescence is observed for the parent iridium(III) corrole, due to through-bond energy transfer from the BODIPY antenna-chromophore to the corrole core. / Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07250f / Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 9.1.510/W Unicode / Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows); modified using iText� 5.3.3 �2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (AGPL-version)

A lipophilic and electron-rich phthalocyanine (α,α′-n-OC5H11)8-H2Pc and its nickel(II) complex (α,α′-n-OC5H11)8-Ni(II)Pc have been synthesized and characterized. Detailed analyses of the electronic structure were carried out by spectroscopy, electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, and TD-DFT calculations. A series of experiments demonstrate that the (α,α′-n-OC5H11)8-Ni(II)Pc complex can be used as a catalyst for highly efficient carbonyl reductions. / Original publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5DT03256C

This report describes and evaluates an application development framework called DOI, which is used for building document-oriented applications. A document-oriented application is an application where the user interface promotes a workflow that is tightly coupled to the business objects, instead of for example the functionality (as is the case in function-oriented applications). The report provides a brief description of the underlying technologies, Java and Enterprise JavaBeans, followed by a description of the DOI framework. This entails technical descriptions as well as a more general overview of the framework and associated tools. There is also a more detailed description of how to create an application provided in an appendix. In the evaluation phase we consider the following attributes: usability, extensibility, code quality and developing time. After taking into consideration how the different parts of the framework affect these attributes we conclude that DOI is a usable and extensible framework, which should contribute a great deal in the development process for applications belonging to the domain of applications targeted by the framework.

Most definitions of ecotourism refer to nature travel experiences which promote the conservation of visited ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the demand side of ecotourism within the broader tourism context. To this end, the study compares ecotourists with other tourist types, on the basis of conservation involvement and socio-demographic characteristics. Moreover, the study examines recreation specialization among birders, as one subset of ecotourists, and evaluates the substitutability of ecotourism activities. A case study was undertaken at Doi Inthanon National Park, Thailand, which, in 1993, attracted over 900,000 visitors. Primary methods included personal interviews (n = 857) to collect visitor data and participant observations to document impacts from ecotourism. Based on activities, motivations, and researcher and respondent descriptions, a tourist typology of five groups was developed: birding ecotourists, general ecotourists, highlights general tourists, highlights travellers, and trekkers. Ecotourists were older and more educated than other tourist types. Ecotourists contributed more to general conservation efforts than other tourist types; however, for foreigners, these contributions occurred primarily in their home countries, not in Thailand. Compared to other tourist types, some environmental, economic, social, and educational impacts of ecotourists were distinct. Using the recreation specialization model, based on economic commitment and centrality-to-lifestyle, birders were divided into three sub-types: advanced-experienced, advanced-active, and novice. Conservation interest and involvement varied only slightly among birder sub-types. Advanced birders were older, more affluent, and more likely to have professional occupations than other sub-types. Motivations varied among birder sub-types. Using the recreation substitutability model, 82.7% of respondents were interested in a one-day nature trek, and 47.5% were willing to trade their current activities for this trek. Substitutability was higher for tourists with wildlife and natural environment motivations, conservation interests, higher education, and of a younger age. The results are incorporated into conceptual frameworks to aid ecotourism management and to characterize linkages between ecotourism and conservation. Implications and recommendations, relevant to the ecotourism industry, environmental and development organizations, national parks, and other government agencies, are discussed. / Graduate