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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Untersuchung neuer computertomographischer Kriterien / Investigation of new computertomographic criteria for the clinical significance of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis with special consideration of CT-angiography

Hesse, Anne-Katherina 28 April 2010 (has links)
No description available.
22

Halsgefäßstenosen Computertomographische Angiographie (CTA) versus Digitale Subtraktionsangiographie (DSA) / Eine Validitätsstudie zur Stenoseermittlung in der Arteria carotis und Arteria vertebralis / Stenoses of the cervical vessels - computed tomographic angiography (CTA) versus digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Raschke, David 03 September 2013 (has links)
No description available.
23

Degradação eletroquímica de tetraciclina em meio de urina artificial / Electrochemical degradation of tetracycline in artificial urine medium

Kenia Naara Parra 26 August 2013 (has links)
Considerando a crescente contaminação da água e os vários problemas ao meio ambiente e a saúde humana decorrentes dessa contaminação, os produtos farmacêuticos e de higiene pessoal, como antibióticos e outros, constituem uma grande preocupação, pois não são completamente removidos nos sistemas de tratamento de esgoto, além de serem resistentes à biodegradação. Antibióticos como a tetraciclina (TeC), por exemplo, são excretados em grande parte eliminados pela urina e/ou fezes, sendo cada vez mais detectados em uma grande variedade de matrizes ambientais, causando inúmeros efeitos tais como, alergias e aumento da resistência de bactérias. Assim, esse estudo visou a degradação da TeC em meio de urina artificial por método eletroquímico utilizando um ânodo dimensionalmente estável (ADE), o qual foi selecionado pela alta concentração de cloreto no meio. Foram realizados estudos de densidade de corrente e pH inicial, avaliando a concentração remanescente de TeC, creatinina, uréia e COT e, comparando os resultados com os obtidos em meio aquoso contendo NaCl 0,1 mol L-1. A TeC sofreu degradação eletroquímica devido à eletrogeração de espécies oxidantes de cloro ativo a partir do cloreto presente no meio. O decaimento da concentração da TeC ajustou-se ao modelo de cinética de pseudo-primeira ordem e aumentou como o aumento da densidade de corrente aplicada. O tratamento eletroquímico pode ser realizado em valores de pH próximos ao neutro, em que a TeC na forma aniônica e a espécie HOCl, favorecem a degradação, mesmo na presença de EDTA. A creatinina e a uréia interferem no processo eletroquímico, fazendo com que a degradação da TeC apresente velocidades de reação mais baixas e o consumo energético do processo seja mais elevado do que em meio aquoso contendo NaCl. / Considering the increase contamination of water and various environmental and human health problems resulting from this contamination, the pharmaceuticals and personal care products, such as antibiotics, etc., constitute a major concern because they are not removed completely from the sewage treatment systems, and they are resistant to biodegradation. Antibiotics such as tetracycline (TeC), for example, are largely excreted in the urine and/or feces increasingly being detected in a wide variety of environmental matrices and causing numerous effects such as allergies and increasing resistance to bacteria. Thus, this study aimed in degradation TeC amid in artificial urine medium by electrochemical method using a dimensionally stable anode (DSA), which has been selected from a highly concentrated chloride in the medium. The studies were resulted from current density and initial pH by assessing the remaining concentration of TeC, creatinine, urea and TOC and comparing the results with those obtained in an aqueous medium containing NaCl 0,1 mol L-1. It was observed that, TeC undergoes electrochemical degradation due to the electrogeneration of oxidizing species of active chlorine from the chloride present in the medium. The decaing of TeC concentration was adjusted to a pseudo-first order kinetic model and increased as current density was increased. It was also observed that the electrochemical treatment may be performed on pH close to the neutral, wherein the anionic form TEC species and HOCl favor degradation, even in the presence of EDTA. The presence of creatinine and urea interfere in the electrochemical process, causing the degradation of TeC to present lowers reaction rates and highers energy consumption in the process than in aqueous medium containing NaCl.
24

Desenvolvimento de metodologias eletroquímicas para monitoramento ambiental da rifampicina e sua eletrodegradação pela geração de agentes oxidantes in situ

Santos, Renê Humberto Tavares 25 October 2010 (has links)
The drugs are considered pollutant emergent, a time that its presence in aquatic environments is each bigger time. This research has as objective to develop electrochemical methodologies that allow to monitor and to degrade the rifampicin in water of public supplying. In the stage of monitor a voltammetric method was developed using a biosensor of chitosan for rifampicin analysis. Parallel to this study was development and optimized a electrodegradation method using electrode of the type Dimensionally Stable Anodes DSA® (Ti/RuO2 - TiO2). The voltammetric behavior of the rifampicin in the biosensor of chitosan using itself it technique of differential pulse voltammetry on indicates the presence of a peak of irreversible oxidation in 0,492 V (versus Ag/AgCl) corresponding the electronic transference of two electrons for molecule. The study of the effect of the speed of sweepings and pH of the way they indicate to be about a electrodic process with diffusional and dependent control of pH. The voltammetric method of determination of the rifampicin presents a recovery of 110% for 1,0 10-5 mol.L-1. From the experiments of electrodegradation of the rifampicin under electrodes DSA® it was evaluated influence of the chain density, getting as excellent value 120 mA cm-2. For the different assays in pHs, it was possible to observe that the half reacionais with pHs 8 and 3 favor the electrolysis of the rifampicin for this type of reactor in NaCl as electrolyte has supported with electrodegradation of 100% of organic molecules of the rifampicina in only 72s and 84s in these half reationais. Being that in only 48s the molecule of the rifampicin total is degraded, in turn, its by-products have a time of 24 electrodegradation of and 36s. The application in water of supplying with accompaniment of the loss of color was made through spectrophotometry in the region of UV-Visible, in =370 nm. It approximately had a complete removal of the color and total reduction of the absorbance in the electrodegradation of the rifampicin in 96 and 84s of electrolysis in the two studied ways, pH 3 and 8 respectively. / Os fármacos são considerados poluentes emergentes, uma vez que sua presença em ambientes aquáticos é cada vez maior. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo desenvolver metodologias eletroquímicas que permitam monitorar e degradar a rifampicina em água de abastecimento público. Na etapa de monitoramento foi desenvolvido um método voltamétrico empregando um biossensor de quitosana para análise de rifampicina. Paralelo a este estudo foi desenvolvimento e otimizado um método de eletrodegradação empregando eletrodo do tipo Ânodo Dimensionalmente Estável ADE® (Ti/RuO2 TiO2). O comportamento voltamétrico da rifampicina no biossensor de quitosana empregando-se a técnica de voltametria de pulso diferencial evidencia a presença de um pico de oxidação irreversível em 0,492 V (vs Ag/AgCl) correspondente a transferência eletrônica de dois elétrons por molécula. O estudo do efeito da velocidade de varredura e do pH do meio indicaram tratar-se de um processo eletródico com controle difusional e dependente do pH. O método voltamétrico de determinação da rifampicina apresentou uma recuperação de 110% para 1,0 10-5 mol.L-1. Nos experimentos de eletrodegradação da rifampicina sob eletrodos ADE® Foi avaliada a influência da densidade de corrente, obtendo como valor ótimo 120 mA cm-2. Para os ensaios em diferentes valores de pH, foi possível observar que os meios reacionais com pH 8 e 3 favoreceram a eletrólise da rifampicina para este tipo de reator em NaCl como eletrólito suporte com eletrodegradação de 100% das moléculas orgânicas da rifampicina em apenas 72s e 84s nestes meios racionais. Sendo que em apenas 48s a molécula da rifampicina foi totalmente degradada, por sua vez, seus subprodutos tiveram um tempo de eletrodegradação de 24 e 36s. A aplicação em água de abastecimento com acompanhamento da perda de cor foi feita por espectrofotometria na região do UV-Vis, em =370 nm. Houve uma remoção completa da cor e redução total da absorbância na eletrodegradação da rifampicina em aproximadamente 96 e 84s de eletrólise nos dois meios estudados, pH 3 e 8 respectivamente.
25

Aplicação de eletrodos de óxidos ativados em eletrooxidação orgânica: oxidação de formaldeído, acetaldeído e ácido oxálico / Application of oxide electrodes activated in organic eletrooxidation: oxidation of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and oxalic acid

Juliane Cristina Forti 10 March 2005 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta a preparação e caracterização de eletrodos de óxidos do tipo ânodos dimensionalmente estáveis (ADE) de composição nominal Ti/Ru0,3Ti0,7O2, modificados pela adição de metais em sua superfície. A introdução de um metal modulador permitiu alterar de forma significativa o comportamento eletroquímico de todo o recobrimento. A modificação do ADE foi realizada através de eletrodeposição de Pt e PbO2 e de deposição química de catalisadores nanodivididos (Pt e Pt-Ni). O objetivo desta preparação foi modular as propriedades dos ânodos visando melhorar as propriedades eletrocatalíticas e a resistência mecânica e com isto, introduzir uma nova classe de materiais para aplicá-los na eletrooxidação de formaldeído, acetaldeído e ácido oxálico. Para caracterizar os eletrodos foram utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX), voltametria cíclica (VC), eletrólises com acompanhamento por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), espectrometria de massas eletroquímica diferencial (DEMS). Os experimentos com DEMS foram realizados na Universidade de Poitiers, França. As micrografias e as análises de EDX mostraram que o rutênio concentra-se em pequenas ?ilhas? na camada de óxidos e a modificação com platina, eletrodepositada ou depositada quimicamente, ocorre preferencialmente nas regiões ricas em rutênio. O eletrodepósito de PbO2 apresentou uma distribuição mais uniforme sobre toda a camada de óxido. As eletrólises foram realizadas aplicando um programa de pulsos de potenciais. Os resultados mostraram que a eficiência para formação do produto mais oxidado (CO2) está intimamente ligada à quantidade e distribuição da platina adicionada na superfície do ADE. Os eletrodos mais eficientes foram os de composições nominais: Ti/ADE modificado com eletrodeposição de Pt (100 ?g cm-2) e Ti/ADE modificado com deposição química do catalisador nanodividido de Pt-Ni (1:1) (60 ?g cm-2). Estes resultados foram confirmados pelos experimentos utilizando DEMS. O eletrodo Ti/ADE modificado com eletrodeposição de PbO2 (100 ?g cm-2) apresentou uma melhora na eficiência eletrocatalítica em relação ao ADE, porém inferior aos eletrodos modificados com platina. O desempenho do ADE na oxidação das pequenas moléculas orgânicas foi estudado em comparação com um eletrodo de platina eletrodepositada diretamente na placa de titânio. Os resultados de eletrólise mostraram que o ADE não funciona somente como um substrato inerte e sim auxilia na reação de oxidação, desempenhando um importante papel na eficiência catalítica total destes materiais. / This work presents the preparation and characterization of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) of nominal composition Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2, modified by the addition of metals to their surface. The introduction of the modulator metal allowed us to change the coating of the electrochemical behavior in a significant way. The DSAâ surface was modified by electrodeposition of Pt and PbO2, and chemical deposition of highly nanodispersive supported catalysts (Pt and Pt-Ni). The objective of this preparation was to modulate the anode properties in order to enhance the electrocatalytic properties and mechanical resistance of these materials. This new class of materials was applied in the electrooxidadtion of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and oxalic acid. The electrode characterization was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), long-term electrolysis followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) which was performed at the University of Poitiers, France. The micrographs and EDS analyses showed that the ruthenium is concentrated in small ?islands? in the oxide layer, and the modification with platinum, either electrodeposited or chemically deposited, occurs preferable over the ruthenium-rich regions. The PbO2 electrodeposit was more uniformly distributed along the oxide layer. Bulk electrolysis experiments were carried out applying a potentiostatic program. The efficiency toward the formation of the more oxidized compound (CO2) is related with the amount and distribution of the platinum deposited on the DSAâ surface. The most efficient materials were: Ti/ADE modified with electrodeposited Pt (100 ?g cm-2) and Ti/ADE modified with chemically deposited Pt-Ni (1:1) (60 ?g cm-2). Through the DEMS experiments these results were confirmed. The DSAâ modified with PbO2 (100 ?g cm-2) was more efficient than the bare DSAâ. However, the amount of CO2 obtained with the former electrode is still lower than that obtained with the platinum-modified ones. The role of DSAâ on the direct activation of the oxidation of small organic molecules was studied applying an electrode containing the platinum directly electrodeposited over the titanium. The bulk electrolysis results showed that DSAâ is not just an inert substrate since it does play an important role in the overall efficiency of these materials.
26

ESTUDIO DE LA REDUCCIÓN, OXIDACIÓN Y OXIDO-REDUCCIÓN ELECTROQUÍMICA APLICADO A LA DECOLORACIÓN / DEGRADACIÓN DE AGUAS DE TINTURA TEXTILES QUE CONTIENEN COLORANTES REACTIVOS CON GRUPOS AZO COMO CROMÓFORO

Del Río García, Ana Isabel 24 October 2011 (has links)
Actualmente, el consumo total de agua en los países desarrollados destinado a uso industrial representa un 59% según se constata en el Primer Informe de Naciones Unidas sobre el Desarrollo de los Recursos Hídricos del Mundo, Agua para todos, Agua para la vida (Marzo 2003). Más de un 80% de los deshechos peligrosos del mundo se producen en los países industrializados y, en las naciones en vías de desarrollo, un 70% de las aguas residuales se vierten al agua sin ningún tratamiento previo, contaminando así los recursos hídricos disponibles. Según estos datos, el tratamiento y la reutilización de aguas residuales del sector industrial en el mundo son de especial relevancia, y más aún en países que saldan su balance de recursos hídricos con números rojos. Este es el caso de España, la nación europea con mayor déficit hídrico. La industria textil es una de las industrias que utilizan grandes cantidades de agua. Las aguas residuales procedentes de los distintos procesos de manufactura son potencialmente tóxicas y altamente coloreadas debido al alto contenido en contaminantes orgánicos, entre los que se encuentran los colorantes textiles no fijados a las fibras. Como consecuencia, es necesario un tratamiento previo antes de su descarga. Este problema es particularmente acusado en el caso de los colorantes reactivos. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha estudiado la viabilidad del tratamiento electroquímico de aguas textiles qe contienen colorantes reactivos. El objetivo principal es conseguir aguas decoloradas con un contenido en materia orgánica significativamente inferior al valor inicial. En última instancia, la aplicación del tratamiento electroquímico contempla la reutilización del agua en los distintos procesos textiles con la intención de solventar los problemas de escasez de agua, las enormes presiones medioambientales en el ámbito jurídico y legislativo y el aumento del coste del agua. / Del Río García, AI. (2011). ESTUDIO DE LA REDUCCIÓN, OXIDACIÓN Y OXIDO-REDUCCIÓN ELECTROQUÍMICA APLICADO A LA DECOLORACIÓN / DEGRADACIÓN DE AGUAS DE TINTURA TEXTILES QUE CONTIENEN COLORANTES REACTIVOS CON GRUPOS AZO COMO CROMÓFORO [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/12330 / Palancia
27

Impact of Antibodies that React with Liver Tissue and Donor-specific anti-HLA Antibodies in Pediatric Idiopathic Posttransplantation Hepatitis / 小児特発性移植後肝炎における肝組織に反応する抗体およびドナー特異的抗HLA抗体の影響

Hirata, Yoshihiro 23 March 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20258号 / 医博第4217号 / 新制||医||1020(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小西 靖彦, 教授 平家 俊男, 教授 中畑 龍俊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
28

Critical potential and oxygen evolution of the chlorate anode

Nylén, Linda January 2006 (has links)
In the chlorate process, natural convection arises thanks to the hydrogen evolving cathode. This increases the mass transport of the different species in the chlorate electrolyte. There is a strong connection between mass transport and the kinetics of the electrode reactions. A better knowledge about these phenomena and their interactions is desirable in order to understand e.g. the reasons for deactivation of anode coatings and what process conditions give the longest lifetime and the highest efficiency. One of the aims of his work was to understand how the chlorate process has to be run to avoid exceeding the critical anode potential (Ecr) in order to keep the potential losses low and to achieve a long lifetime of the DSAs. At Ecr anodic polarisation curves in chlorate electrolyte bend to higher Tafel slopes, causing increasing potential losses and accelerated ageing of the anode. Therefore the impact on the anode potential and on Ecr of different electrolyte parameters and electrolyte impurities was investigated. Additionally, the work aimed to investigate the impact of an addition of chromate on oxygen evolution and concentration profiles under conditions reminiscent of those in the chlorate process (high ionic strength, 70 °C, ruthenium based DSA, neutral pH), but without chloride in order to avoid hypochlorite formation. For this purpose a model, taking into account mass transport as well as potential- and concentration-dependent electrode reactions and homogeneous reactions was developed. Water oxidation is one of the side reactions considered to decrease the current efficiency in chlorate production. The results from the study increase the understanding of how a buffer/weak base affects a pH dependent electrode reaction in a pH neutral electrolyte in general. This could also throw light on the link between electrode reactions and homogeneous reactions in the chlorate process. It was found that the mechanism for chloride oxidation is likely to be the same for potentials below Ecr as well as for potentials above Ecr. This was based on the fact that the apparent reaction order as well as αa seem to be of the same values even if the anode potential exceeds Ecr. The reason for the higher slope of the polarisation curve above Ecr could then be a potential dependent deactivation of the active sites. Deactivation of active ruthenium sites could occur if ruthenium in a higher oxidation state were inactive for chloride oxidation. Concentration gradients of H+, OH-, CrO4 2- and HCrO4 - during oxygen evolution on a rotating disk electrode (RDE) were predicted by simulations. The pH dependent currents at varying potentials calculated by the model were verified in experiments. It was found that an important part of the chromate buffering effect at high current densities occurs in a thin (in the order of nanometers) reaction layer at the anode. From comparisons between the model and experiments a reaction for the chromate buffering has been proposed. Under conditions with bulk pH and chromate concentration similar to those in the chlorate process, the simulations show that the current density for oxygen evolution from OH- would be approximately 0.1 kA m-2, which corresponds to about 3% of the total current in chlorate production. / QC 20101122
29

A Systems Approach to the Formulation of Unmanned Air Vehicle Detect, Sense, and Avoid Performance Requirements

Simon, Jerry N. January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
30

On the Scalability of Ad Hoc Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

Ahsan, Umair 10 November 2010 (has links)
Dynamic Spectrum Access allows wireless users to access a wide range of spectrum which increases a node's ability to communicate with its neighbors, and spectral efficiency through opportunistic access to licensed bands. Our study focuses on the scalability of network performance, which we define in terms of network transport capacity and end-to-end throughput per node, as the network density increases. We develop an analytical procedure for performance evaluation of ad hoc DSA networks using Markov models, and analyze the performance of a DSA network with one transceiver per node and a dedicated control channel. We also develop and integrate a detailed model for energy detection in Poisson networks with sensing. We observe that the network capacity scales sub-linearly with the number of DSA users and the end-to-end throughput diminishes, when the number of data channels is fixed. Nevertheless, we show that DSA can improve network performance by allowing nodes to access more spectrum bands while providing a mechanism for spectrum sharing and maintaining network wide connectivity. We also observe that the percentage of relative overhead at the medium access layer does not scale with the number of users. Lastly, we examine the performance impact of primary user density, detection accuracy, and the number of available data channels. The results help to answer the fundamental question of the scaling behavior of network capacity, end-to-end throughput, and network overhead in ad hoc DSA networks. / Master of Science

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