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One of the most important source of noise and vibrations associated with vehicles is the vibration of driveline systems. Such phenomena are subjectively associated with customer complaints. In this study the torsional vibrations of driveline systems were investigated using discretised and lumped mass models of the system. In the literature, many of the problems associated with torsional vibrations and refinement in drivelines have been tackled through relatively simple, lumped mass models combinedw ith experimentalm easurements. However, some problems remain particularly where instabilities occur or complex coupling with other vehicle vibration modes exists. The review of previous work showed that although it is important to understand the dynamic behaviour of the individual driveline components; for example, engine, clutch, gearbox, etc., the whole system must be analysed together because of all the coupling which occurs. The main source of excitation for torsional vibration of the driveline system is the engine fluctuating torque. A computer program using MATLAB subroutines was developed to obtain this fluctuation torque for different engine parameters for subsequent use in the modelling. A substructure approach, using stiffness coupling technique with combined use of residual flexibility and modal synthesis, was used to analyse free and forced vibrations of the system, as a linear system. A computer program using MATLAB subroutines was designed to facilitate application of this technique. Good agreement between results for the overall system model and substructure model was found even for a few considered modes. This substructure technique offers significant computational advantages over other methods. The effect of non-linear sources in the driveline system such as backlash, non-linear spring stifffiess, Hooke's joint and angularity of the propeller shaft on the system torsional vibrations was investigated. The effect of backlash in the driveline system was significant and, as expected, vibration levels increased as backlash increased. Hooke's joints caused an additional complex source of excitation but their significance is dictated by the details of the particular driveline design. The modelling showed that instabilities commonly referred to a shunt or shuffle could occur during clutch engagement. The stick slip frictional properties of the clutch were crucial in this behaviour and the relative importance of various design features was quantified. A mathematical model including torsional motion of the driveline system and other vehicle body motions was developed to analyse the ways in which the driveline couples with other dynamic components. Two running conditions were considered; steady state running and transient during clutch engagement. It was shown that the complete system was capable of self-excited oscillations under certain conditions during normal running as well as the instability which could occur during clutch engagement. This comprehensive model represents an important contribution of the work in this area of research in two ways. First, it clarifies understanding of the dynamic coupling between the rotational and translational components of the whole vehicle system. Second, it provides design information to tackle instability problems and to lead to reductions in overall vibration levels.

Recently, Feldman, Joorman, and Johnson (in press) proposed that differences in the ways individuals respond to positive affect (PA) might impact the length and intensity of PA episodes, perhaps leading to changes in long-term mental and physical health. Feldman et al. (in press) suggested that "positive rumination," repetitive positive self- and symptom-focused responses to positive mood, should enhance PA, whereas "dampening" responses should diminish PA. The Response to Positive Affect Scale (RPA; Feldman et al., in press) was created to measure these constructs. Preliminary research has found that measures of positive rumination and dampening help predict mania and depression symptoms. The current study examined the convergent and predictive criterion validity, and reliability of the constructs of positive rumination and dampening through a combination cross-sectional, experimental, and naturalistic follow-up design. Temple University undergraduates (Phase I N = 1,281, Phase II N = 181, Phase III N = 154) participated in a three-phase study. In Phase I, participants completed the RPA along with a series of positive and negative health and cognition measures. In Phase II, participants were randomly assigned to one of three mood induction groups (negative, neutral, or positive) and completed a series of affect reports over time. One month later, Phase II participants were asked to report on their affect, physical health, mental health, and intervening life events during Phase III. As expected, positive rumination and dampening demonstrated convergent and divergent validity. However, the predictive criterion validity results were mixed, with the constructs predicting some, but not all, responses to mood inductions. The naturalistic follow-up demonstrated that positive rumination interacted with positive life events to predict hypothesized changes in psychological health, but not physical health. The test-retest reliability of the RPA was not acceptable for a trait measure. These results suggest that positive rumination and dampening are important constructs involved in both mental health and illness. Future research should consider alternative strategies for measuring responses to PA, including more realistic experimental paradigms. / Psychology

This thesis is performed to evaluate the design consideration and performance characteristics of a surge tank for a diaphragm pump operation and to evaluate the proper volume and inlet area of surge tank in order to reduce the pulsations of the discharge pressure. An experimental set up is constructed for a three diaphragm positive displacement pump and the experiments are conducted afterwards. The surge tanks having different volumes and the surge tank inlet area configurations are tested in order to achieve the minimum peak to peak pulsations. Experiments showed that among the different sizes of the surge tanks, the minimum peak to peak pulsations are achieved with the largest volume which is the original surge tank of the test pump used by the pump manufacturer. This result is supported by the literature which states that with greater surge tank size the magnitude of pulsations can be diminished more. Regarding the surge tank inlet area design / among the eight different adaptors a proper inlet area value is concluded having the minimum peak to peak pulsations also smaller than the original configuration.

An algorithm is presented which computes a state feedback for a standard linear system which not only stabilizes, but also dampens the closed-loop system dynamics. In other words, a feedback gain vector is computed such that the eigenvalues of the closed-loop state matrix are within the region of the left half-plane where the magnitude of the real part of each eigenvalue is greater than the imaginary part. This may be accomplished by solving one periodic algebraic Riccati equation and one degenerate Riccati equation. The solution to these equations are computed using numerically robust algorithms. Finally, the periodic Riccati equation is unusual in that it produces one symmetric and one skew symmetric solution, and as a result two different state feedbacks. Both feedbacks dampen the system dynamics, but produce different closed-loop eigenvalues, giving the controller designer greater freedom in choosing a desired feedback.

The majority of the world’s most widespread and problematic pathogens evade host immune responses by inducing strain-specific immunity. The host immune system seems to induce a vigorous immune response towards hypervariable epitopes, seemingly attracting less attention to more highly conserved vital regions. The South African Territory (SAT)-2 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most prevalent and antigenic diverse of the SAT serotypes with the occurrence of multiple antigenic and genetic subtypes. Identification of the fine antigenic structure of the capsid of these viruses remains essential in the design and engineering of a vaccine seed strain that confers cross-protection against intra-typic viruses. Towards refocusing the antigenicity of SAT2/ZIM/07/83 virus, two strategies were utilised, (1) replacement of predicted antigenic determinants to corresponding sites of the antigenic distant SAT2/EGY/09/12 virus and (2) charge-dampening of previously identified epitope regions with alanine residues. The antigenic distance of refocused mutants was evaluated by (1) virus neutralisation assays using parental and heterologous convalescent bovine sera and (2) through antigenic profiling with non-neutralising SAT2-specific murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). One antigenic site on VP1 (Site 3) was identified using bovine polyclonal antibodies, whereas an additional three epitope regions were elucidated using the murine mAbs. Furthermore, the cell culture-adapted vSAT2 was shown to utilise a third FMDV alternate receptor to infect integrin- and heparin sulphate-deficient cell lines. Comprehensive knowledge on the antigenic structure of these viruses will assist in the fundamental design of engineered vaccines by incorporating critical antigenic sites that confer increased antigenicity and cross-protective immune response against myriad SAT2 field strains. Furthermore, this information will not only improve design of vaccine seed viruses, but will also contribute towards novel vaccine constructs or even empty nanoparticles as a vaccine strategy in the future. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Agricultural Research Council / National Research Foundation / Red Meat Industry Trust / Poliomyelitis Research Foundation / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / PhD / Unrestricted

The purpose of this project was to create an active dampening suspension for a small prototype that was able to detect obstacles using infrared sensors. The suspension system consisted of servomotors that controlled the angle of a leg upon which a wheel was attached. The infrared distance sensor measured the height of obstacles and the necessary raising of the suspension was calculated on a microcomputer of type Arduino Uno. It was concluded that the constructed system of suspension and obstacle detection was inadequate. Most subsystems worked but not as a whole. / Syftet med detta projekt var att konstruera en aktiv stötdämpning för en mindre prototyp som skulle upptäcka hinder med hjälp av infraröda sensorer. Upphängningen bestod av servomotorer som styrde vinkeln på benen där hjulen var monterade. De infraröda sensorerna mätte höjden på hindren och hur mycket upphängningen skulle lyftas beräknades sedan med en mikrodator av typen Arduino Uno. Slutsatsen blev att det konstruerade system av upphängning och hinder-detektion var otillräckligt. De flesta delsystemen fungerade men inte helheten.

[EN] SUMMARY "Vibraphones in jazz: the jazz vibraphone in Spain" is a thesis addressing three clearly differenciated and yet related parts - for each one of them is indispensable for the full comprehension of the next. The three topics herein addressed are: 1.- The vibraphone. In this part a description of the instrument is made, as well as references to the different types of vibraphones, performing techniques and the use of vibraphones in the 20th century. 2.- Vibraphones in international jazz. In this part an analysis of the origin of the vibraphone, its evolution and performers is carried out by connecting this topic to the different styles in jazz history. 3.- Jazz vibraphones in Spain. This is by far the most important part of this thesis. Here, starting from the Spanish Jazz history, we speak about the arrival of the vibraphone in our country, its introduction and classical conservatory teaching methodology, the main Spanish vibraphones and mallet manufacturers, predecesors of jazz vibraphones (jazz players, first jazz xylophone and vibraphone players from the 30s and 40s), Spanish Jazz vibraphone players born since the 30s, international Jazz vibraphone players with residence in Spain and main concerts performed in Spain by international vibraphone players. This thesis presents various annexes in connection to vibraphones, such as the evolution of the different models of "Deagan" vibraphones, the presence of vibraphones in chamber music, examples of vibraphone mallet models depending on manufacturers, jazz vibraphone players throughout history, jazz players, first jazz xylophone and vibraphone players in Spain, websites consulted, and finally "technical exercises for jazz vibraphone". This thesis gathers numerous figures and testimonials of the main leading figures involved with Jazz vibraphones in Spain. Apart from that, it includes several indexes, such as illustrations, tables of contents or lists of vibraphone players. This thesis ends with a specific bibliography on vibraphones, the bibliography herein used and conclusions on each of the three parts previously explained. As a main byproduct of this thesis it is noteworthy the creation of an Internet Forum -http://vibrafonojazzistico.blogspot.com- which lists and allowes Spanish Jazz vibraphone players to get in touch. In short, this thesis puts names and surnames to the protagonists of a never before told story, the story of the Jazz vibraphone players in Spain. / [ES] RESUMEN "El vibráfono en el jazz: el vibráfono jazzístico en España" es una tesis que aborda tres partes claramente diferenciadas, y a la vez relacionadas entre sí, ya que cada una de ellas es imprescindible para comprender la siguiente. Los tres temas abordados son: 1.- El vibráfono. En esta parte se realiza una descripción del instrumento y se tratan los diferentes tipos de vibráfonos, las técnicas de ejecución y la utilización del vibráfono en el siglo XX. 2.- El vibráfono en el jazz internacional. En esta parte se analiza el origen del vibráfono y su evolución e intérpretes, relacionando este tema con los diferentes estilos de la historia del jazz. 3.- El vibráfono jazzístico en España. Esta es la parte más importante de la tesis. En ella, partiendo de la historia del jazz en España, se comenta la llegada del vibráfono a nuestro país, su introducción y didáctica clásica en los conservatorios, los principales fabricantes españoles de vibráfonos y baquetas de vibráfono, los antecedentes del vibráfono jazzístico ("jazz-bandistas", primeros xilofonistas "jazzísticos" y vibrafonistas de los años 30 y 40), vibrafonistas jazzísticos españoles nacidos desde la década de los años 30 hasta la actualidad, vibrafonistas jazzísticos internacionales residentes en España y principales conciertos realizados en España por vibrafonistas internacionales. La tesis presenta diversos anexos relacionados con el vibráfono, como la evolución de los distintos modelos de vibráfonos "Deagan", la presencia del vibráfono en la música de cámara, ejemplos de modelos de baquetas de vibráfono según fabricante, vibrafonistas de jazz a lo largo de la historia, "jazz-bandistas", primeros xilofonistas "jazzísticos" y vibrafonistas jazzísticos en España, páginas web consultadas y "ejercicios técnicos para el vibráfono jazzístico". La tesis recoge numerosas figuras y testimonios de las principales figuras relacionadas con el vibráfono jazzístico en España. Además, incluye diversos índices, como por ejemplo ilustraciones, tablas o vibrafonistas. La tesis finaliza con una bibliografía específica de vibráfono, la bibliografía empleada y las conclusiones de cada una de las tres partes explicadas anteriormente. Una de las utilidades más importantes que ha supuesto la elaboración de esta tesis ha sido la creación de un foro en internet que reúne y pone en contacto a los vibrafonistas de jazz españoles, http://vibrafonojazzistico.blogspot.com. En definitiva, esta tesis pone nombre y apellidos a los protagonistas de una historia nunca contada, la historia del vibráfono jazzístico en España. / [CAT] RESUM "El vibràfon en el jazz: el vibràfon jazzístic a España" és una tesi que aborda tres parts clarament diferenciades, i al mateix temps relacionades entre si, ja que cada una d'elles és imprescindible per a comprendre la següent. Els tres temes abordats són: 1.- El vibràfon. En esta part es realitza una descripció de l'instrument i es tracten els diferents tipus de vibràfons, les tècniques d'execució i la utilització del vibràfon en el segle XX. 2.- El vibràfon en el jazz internacional. En esta part s'analitza l'origen del vibràfon i la seua evolució i intèrprets, relacionant este tema amb els diferents estils de la història del jazz. 3.- El vibràfon jazzístic a Espanya. Esta és la part més important de la tesi. En ella, partint de la història del jazz a Espanya, es comenta l'arribada del vibràfon al nostre país, la seua introducció i didàctica clàssica en els conservatoris, els principals fabricants espanyols de vibràfons i baquetes de vibràfon, els antecedents del vibràfon jazzístic ("jazz-bandistas", primers xilofonistas "jazzístics" i vibrafonistas dels anys 30 i 40), vibrafonistas jazzístics espanyols nascuts des de la dècada dels anys 30 fins a l'actualitat, vibrafonistas jazzístics internacionals residents a Espanya i principals concerts realitzats a Espanya per vibrafonistas internacionals. La tesi presenta diversos annexos relacionats amb el vibràfon, com l'evolució dels distints models de vibràfons "Deagan", la presència del vibràfon en la música de cambra, exemples de models de baquetes de vibràfon segons fabricant, vibrafonistas de jazz al llarg de la història, "jazz-bandistas", primers xilofonistas "jazzístics" i vibrafonistas jazzístics a Espanya, pàgines web consultades i "exercicis tècnics per al vibràfon jazzístic". La tesi arreplega nombroses figures i testimonis de les principals figures relacionades amb el vibràfon jazzístic a Espanya. A més, inclou diversos índexs, com per exemple il¿lustracions, taules o vibrafonistas. La tesi finalitza amb una bibliografia específica de vibràfon, la bibliografia utilitzada i les conclusions de cada una de les tres parts explicades anteriorment. Una de les utilitats més importants que ha suposat l'elaboració d'esta tesi ha sigut la creació d'un fòrum en internet que reunix i posa en contacte als vibrafonistas de jazz espanyols, http://vibrafonojazzistico.blogspot.com. En definitiva, esta tesi posa nom i cognoms als protagonistes d'una història mai contada, la història del vibràfon jazzístic a Espanya. / Pérez Vigo, R. (2016). El Vibráfono en el jazz: El Vibráfono Jazzístico en España [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62323 / TESIS

Spending your time „nurturing what is right‟ enables people to grow and negotiate the problems of life which is more than only fixing what is wrong. The World Health Organisation also defined well-being as more than not ill-being. Flourishing is an optimal state of well-being. The question is, „what is it that flourishers do different from non-flourishers?‟ Pharmacy students prepare themselves for a profession which is being bombarded with change; they are the pharmacists of tomorrow. Among them some students flourish and the others do not. This study aimed to look at possible pathways to flourishing that flourishers utilise. In this way the study addressed several gaps in the knowledge regarding flourishing: 1) The prevalence of flourishing among pharmacy students, 2) The role of demands and resources in flourishing of students, 3) The role of antecedent factors of basic psychological need satisfaction on the basic psychological need satisfaction of students and therefore in their flourishing, and 4) The use of positive affect regulation (an internal strategy) as a pathway to flourishing. A cross-sectional design was utilised. The study population was all the enrolled pharmacy students at the North West University during 2014. A convenience sample of 779 students participated. The measuring battery consisted of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF; Keyes, 2009), the Emotional Regulation Profile-Revised (ERP-R; Nelis, Quoidbach, Hansenne, & Mikolajczak, 2011), the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs (BMPN; Sheldon & Hilpert, 2012), statements about the antecedents of basic psychological need satisfaction and statements about demands and resources, developed for the purpose of this study, and a demographic questionnaire. Structural equation modelling, invariance testing and latent class analysis were some of the statistical techniques used to analyse the cross-sectional data. Manuscript one addressed the prevalence of flourishing among pharmacy students as well as possible differences between the year groups. The manuscript also investigated the role of workload as a study demand and the lecturer as a study resource and the possible interaction between them in the flourishing of students. Year group as a possible moderator in the respective relationships between demands, resources, the interaction between them on the one hand and flourishing on the other, were also assessed. 40% of the group flourished whilst 57% was moderately healthy and 3% languished. The different year groups negotiated the demands and resources in their study environment differently in their path to flourishing. The possible pathways to flourishing in this context were identified as the use of lecturer support (a resource), especially when the workload (a demand) is high and the successful negotiation of workload over their four years of study. Manuscript two dealt with the impact of antecedent factors of basic psychological need satisfaction of pharmacy students on their basic psychological need satisfaction and therefore ultimately the influence of these contextual factors on their flourishing. The researcher wanted to determine whether there is a difference in the role(s) that family, peers, lecturers and workload play in the satisfaction of the students‟ basic psychological needs (relatedness, competence and autonomy). Year group as a moderator in these respective relationships was also investigated. Family and peers played the most important role in need satisfaction of students. However, lecturers can actively engage in supporting the need satisfaction of students, which would increase their levels of autonomous motivation and thereby their levels of flourishing. In manuscript three the use of internal strategies as pathways to flourishing were explored. Positive emotion regulation strategies have a positive relationship with well-being. However, a person can dampen or savour his or her positive emotions. The students were clustered into distinctive groups by means of a latent class analysis. Three distinctive groups were posterior identified based on the characteristics of group members, namely flourishers, languishers and moderately healthy students. Regression analyses of the three groups revealed that flourishers are the only group that most likely will utilise savouring positive emotion regulation strategies and refrain from utilising dampening positive emotion regulation strategies. Pathways to flourishing that flourishing pharmacy students utilise are therefore the use of savouring positive emotion regulation strategies and the non-use of dampening positive emotion regulation strategies.

Spending your time „nurturing what is right‟ enables people to grow and negotiate the problems of life which is more than only fixing what is wrong. The World Health Organisation also defined well-being as more than not ill-being. Flourishing is an optimal state of well-being. The question is, „what is it that flourishers do different from non-flourishers?‟ Pharmacy students prepare themselves for a profession which is being bombarded with change; they are the pharmacists of tomorrow. Among them some students flourish and the others do not. This study aimed to look at possible pathways to flourishing that flourishers utilise. In this way the study addressed several gaps in the knowledge regarding flourishing: 1) The prevalence of flourishing among pharmacy students, 2) The role of demands and resources in flourishing of students, 3) The role of antecedent factors of basic psychological need satisfaction on the basic psychological need satisfaction of students and therefore in their flourishing, and 4) The use of positive affect regulation (an internal strategy) as a pathway to flourishing. A cross-sectional design was utilised. The study population was all the enrolled pharmacy students at the North West University during 2014. A convenience sample of 779 students participated. The measuring battery consisted of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF; Keyes, 2009), the Emotional Regulation Profile-Revised (ERP-R; Nelis, Quoidbach, Hansenne, & Mikolajczak, 2011), the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs (BMPN; Sheldon & Hilpert, 2012), statements about the antecedents of basic psychological need satisfaction and statements about demands and resources, developed for the purpose of this study, and a demographic questionnaire. Structural equation modelling, invariance testing and latent class analysis were some of the statistical techniques used to analyse the cross-sectional data. Manuscript one addressed the prevalence of flourishing among pharmacy students as well as possible differences between the year groups. The manuscript also investigated the role of workload as a study demand and the lecturer as a study resource and the possible interaction between them in the flourishing of students. Year group as a possible moderator in the respective relationships between demands, resources, the interaction between them on the one hand and flourishing on the other, were also assessed. 40% of the group flourished whilst 57% was moderately healthy and 3% languished. The different year groups negotiated the demands and resources in their study environment differently in their path to flourishing. The possible pathways to flourishing in this context were identified as the use of lecturer support (a resource), especially when the workload (a demand) is high and the successful negotiation of workload over their four years of study. Manuscript two dealt with the impact of antecedent factors of basic psychological need satisfaction of pharmacy students on their basic psychological need satisfaction and therefore ultimately the influence of these contextual factors on their flourishing. The researcher wanted to determine whether there is a difference in the role(s) that family, peers, lecturers and workload play in the satisfaction of the students‟ basic psychological needs (relatedness, competence and autonomy). Year group as a moderator in these respective relationships was also investigated. Family and peers played the most important role in need satisfaction of students. However, lecturers can actively engage in supporting the need satisfaction of students, which would increase their levels of autonomous motivation and thereby their levels of flourishing. In manuscript three the use of internal strategies as pathways to flourishing were explored. Positive emotion regulation strategies have a positive relationship with well-being. However, a person can dampen or savour his or her positive emotions. The students were clustered into distinctive groups by means of a latent class analysis. Three distinctive groups were posterior identified based on the characteristics of group members, namely flourishers, languishers and moderately healthy students. Regression analyses of the three groups revealed that flourishers are the only group that most likely will utilise savouring positive emotion regulation strategies and refrain from utilising dampening positive emotion regulation strategies. Pathways to flourishing that flourishing pharmacy students utilise are therefore the use of savouring positive emotion regulation strategies and the non-use of dampening positive emotion regulation strategies.