The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perception of nurses about the implementation of focused ante-natal care services in nine district health facilities of Dar es Salaam. Quantitative, explorative and descriptive research was conducted to determine how the implementation of the focused ante-natal care guidelines was perceived by nurses who provided midwifery health care services. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. A simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents. The study sample comprised of nursing officers (n=50), nurse midwives (53) and public health nurses (40). The SAS/Basic and SAS/STAT version 11.1 was used to analyse data. Validity was ensured and the Cronbach’s coefficient reliability test was 0.86.The findings revealed that the greatest area of concern was the shortage of human and material resources for successful implementation of focused ante-natal care to pregnant women and unborn children. / Health Sciences / M.A. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000416269-Texto+Parcial-0.pdf: 182837 bytes, checksum: b16cf819605f100fbf7bfc0476dee074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / This Master's Degree thesis paper begins by highlighting the influence of the Liberal State's ideals on jurisdiction and on the Brazilian legal system. Among other aspects, special attention is given to the following items: a) the election of legality as the State's main foundation, b) the dogma of the intangibility of the human will, c) the establishment of compensatory protection as the only possible answer, d) the impersonality of jurisdictional renderings. It analyzes the repercussion of these ideals on the civil procedure at the time, highlighting the symptoms of the classic civil suit crisis directly related to liberal thinking, such as: a) the insufficiency of the protection generated by knowledge-execution, b) the absence of mechanisms apt to prevent the illicit, c) the absence of protection apt for situations of urgency, d) the uniformity of the procedures. The second part of the paper highlights the rise of the Social State and its influence, along with the Constitution of 1988, on jurisdiction and on the Brazilian legal system. General aspects of the theory of fundamental rights in light of the Constitution of 1988 are summarized in order to recognize the fundamental right of each and every citizen to providing effective and adequate jurisdictional renderings (State's duty). A new concept of jurisdiction is defended that is responsible not only for the declaration of rights, but its actual realization in the world of facts. Special attention is given to the arrival of the specific protection for non-pecuniary obligations (obligations of doing, not-doing, and giving) in the Brazilian legal system and its importance as a means of concrete reality of the fundamental right to effectiveness and adequacy of jurisdictional renderings. The third and last part addresses in all its entirety, the procedure established by articles 461 and 461-A of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure with a special emphasis on the sanction mechanisms of conduct (coercive and subrogatory) focused on reaching the specific result of the obligation recognized in final or interlocutory decision). / A presente dissertação de mestrado inicia destacando a influência dos ideais do Estado Liberal sobre a jurisdição e sobre o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Dentre outros aspectos, confere especial destaque: a) à eleição da legalidade como principal fundamento do Estado; b) ao dogma da intangibilidade da vontade humana; c) à consagração da tutela indenizatória como única resposta possível; d) à impessoalidade da prestação jurisdicional. Analisa a repercussão desses ideais sobre o processo civil da época, ressaltando os sintomas da crise do processo civil clássico diretamente relacionados ao pensamento liberal, dentre outros: a) a insuficiência da tutela gerada pelo binômio conhecimento-execução; b) a ausência de mecanismos aptos à prevenção do ilícito; c) a ausência de tutela apta às situações de urgência; d) a uniformidade de procedimentos. A segunda parte do trabalho destaca o surgimento do Estado Social e a sua influência, juntamente com a Constituição de 1988, sobre a jurisdição e sobre o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Expõem-se, resumidamente, aspectos gerais da teoria dos direitos fundamentais à vista da Constituição de 1988, propondo-se o reconhecimento do direito fundamental de todo e qualquer cidadão à prestação jurisdicional efetiva e adequada (dever do Estado). Defende-se um novo conceito de jurisdição, responsável, além da declaração do direito, pela sua efetivação no mundo dos fatos. Dá-se relevância à chegada da tutela específica das obrigações não pecuniárias (obrigações de fazer, não fazer e dar) no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e a sua importância como meio de concretização do direito fundamental à efetividade e adequação da prestação jurisdicional.A terceira e última parte aborda, em toda a sua extensão, o procedimento estabelecido pelos artigos 461 e 461-A do Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro, com especial ênfase aos mecanismos sancionatórios de conduta (coercitivos e sub-rogatórios), voltados à obtenção do resultado específico da obrigação reconhecida em decisão final ou interlocutória.

The present diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS). Using the method of ethnographic research, the author sought a holistic description during her six-month participation in a LETS group in Toulouse. Drawing upon theoretical literature, she discusses the local forms of exchange, debt, the relationship to money and to the virtual currency. The findings show that such a system can change the perception of debt and the relation to money. The most common reasons for involvement are the need to establish social contacts, while the most pressing problem appears to be the lack of interest of young people in this phenomenon. Keywords LETS, ethnographic research, exchange, gift, debt, individualization, Toulouse

This research seeks to examine the process of displacement and resettlement of residents who had been affected by regularization process within Manzese and Buguruni wards in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. It aimed at analyzing the issues and opportunities faced by the affected residents during regularization. The regularization which involves two processes, tenure and physical upgrading has been extensively used in solving problems associated with unplanned and informal settlements within developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It’s a process used to bring informal and unauthorized settlements into the legal, official and administrative structures of land management as well as improving the living conditions of its dwellers. In Tanzania, whereby more than 80 per cent of its urban residents live in informal settlement, the process had been practiced in order to provide basic services such as access roads, storm water drainages, street lights, water supply and public toilets within informal and unplanned settlements. Compared to previous strategies for upgrading such as slum clearance and site and services and squatter upgrading, regularization had been considered to bring positive results.  The main concern of this research is physical regularization which was implemented through Community Infrastructure Upgrading Project (CIUP) within sixteen settlements in Dar es Salaam city. During its implementation, about twenty households of tenants and house owners were displaced. This research being explorative focused on understanding the process of displacement and resettlement by using qualitative method. This was done through narrations of traced and found six tenants and four house owners within the affected settlements of Mnazi Mmoja, Mnyamani and Madenge settlements. It applied case study strategy whereby the settlements made the main case study areas and the individual displaced residents became sub cases. Experiences before, during and after displacement and resettlement were narrated by using in-depth interviews. The selected settlements were obtained through criteria sampling whereby the individual displaced residents were found by using snow balling approach. Also resettlement issues and opportunities faced by displaced tenants and house owners were analyzed and the emerging patterns of issues and opportunities were identified. The issues include loss of access to common facilities, homelessness, marginalization and social disarticulation, family disintegration and joblessness. The opportunities include improved facilities, expansion of human competence and social opportunities, enhanced capabilities and improved social services. It was also realized that the issues suffered and opportunities accrued by house owners were different from that of tenants. The research examined the process of displacement and resettlement through policy and legal frameworks which guided the regularization. It also used the justice and collaborative theories in formulating concepts for data collection, analysis and discussing the results. During the discussions it was realized that there were emerging gaps in the process as it was indicated within the experiences of individual cases. These gaps include that of lack of real participation and democracy, insufficient knowledge on compensation level, insufficient community participation especially with the affected tenants.  The research provides an indicative knowledge on regularization process which can further be used in improving the planning process. / QC 20111123

Grundvattensänkningar är något som ofta behöver utföras innan konstruktion av anläggningar i jord. Att sätta pris på en grundvattensänkning är inte särskilt lätt när information eller kompetenser saknas som krävs för att göra en rimlig bedömning. Veidekke Entreprenad Anläggning Öst är ett anläggningsföretag som oftast jobbar i generalentreprenadsform. Vid en generalentreprenad så är projekteringen redan gjord och pris ska sättas på de olika posterna som behöver utföras. Denna rapport presenterar en förenklad process för kalkylberäkningar i anbudsfas. Därför har en mall har tagits fram åt Veidekke. Denna mall består av fyra representativa typjordar och ekvationer som gör den användarvänlig. För att kontrollera mallens duglighet så testades den sedan på tre projekt som Veidekke utfört grundvattensänkningar på. Mallens beräknade resultat kunde då jämföras med observerade resultat. Det visade sig att mallen ger en god approximation på hur grundvattensänkningen kan se ut och en fingervisning på hur lång tid det kan ta innan stationär grundvattensänkning uppkommer.

This master thesis is a study of the feasibility of in situ soil remediation techniques in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It first looks at the existing on site remediation techniques and assesses how feasible they appear in the conditions of Dar es Salaam. Two methods were interpreted as more feasible than others, namely reactive zone remediation and phytoremediation. The feasibility of phytoremediation was assessed by sampling locally occurring plants and comparing their content of Cu, Pb and Zn with the respective content of the soil they grew in. If the content in the plants were elevated as compared to the soil content, the plant was deemed interesting from a phytoremediation point of view.

The Diploma work explores and develops one of the many gifts of the Holy Spirit, that Catholic Church has like a treasure, and it is charisma. Many times in the Church or outside the Church a man can encounter with a negative attitude when the concept of charismas is mentioned, because many people do not know the true meaning and purpose of these gifts of the Holy Spirit. The purpose of the Diploma work is to raise in a simplicity the main issues of the topic and to offer answers to certain questions connected with the exposing of authenticity of this gift, which the Saint Paul is writing about. In the first part the Diploma work deals with the main attitudes of the Catholic Church towards charismas from the perspective of what Holy Scripture and Catechism of the Catholic Church says on the charismas. The Diploma work efforts to develop a spiritual knowledge of charismas, their authenticity and also a danger of sliding out of the Church. It discusses the criteria for distinguishing and recognition of charismas. The work discusses the gifts, charismas and fruits of the Holy Spirit. The topic is focused on identifing of the gifts of Holy Spirit and their presence in the Church and in the life of individual. Finally, the Diploma work describes topics such as "baptism in the Holy Spirit", thus...

Video Absence reflects the findings of theoretical thesis named Boredom. The basic situation is described as lack of meaning, will, interest and feeling. Video is an attempt at poetic reflection of such situation, which is characterised as aimless searching without finding. The main tools are empty hands and different kinds of ground. The void has been overcome through the gesture related to problem of gift.

Water is an essential resource for basic human survival, but today several cities and people lack access to both reliable and clean water. Dar es Salaam in Tanzania is undergoing a rapid population growth and need to improve their current water delivery system in order to provide water to the city’s inhabitants. This report’s objective is to examine if Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority (DAWASA) manual water valve operation is improved with the usage of remote-controlled valves instead. The remote-controlled system will consequently be evaluated and compared against the manually controlled valves. In order to obtain necessary data for this study interviews and field trips were conducted at DAWASA as well as at the local market at Kariakoo. Additionally, information has also been gathered from the collaboration partners at College of Information and Communication Technologies (CoICT). The results provided information that a remote-controlled system could, in the measured reference area of 52 km of water pipes, save up to 900 U.S dollar monthly and 46 m3 of water daily for DAWASA. These savings would consequently contribute to an increase in resources which leads to further improvements to the current water distribution system. Because, today’s system is in need of a development in order to sufficiently provide potable water to the city. The remote-controlled system could also help to reduce the spread of waterborne diseases, destruction of roads and create a more reliable source of water since the water valves would be regulated more efficiently. A remote-controlled system would however need a sufficient amount of funding in order to be installed, but is both simpler to install and a more feasible solution compared to other alternatives. For these reasons, the designed system is concluded to be a more effective, sustainable and economical feasible solution for handling and managing the outdated valves.

The acquisition of the home of George Washington by the Mount Vernon Ladies Association in 1858 was probably the first preservation project led by women in the United States. During the following decades, elite Philadelphia and Montgomery County women continued the construction of historical memory through the organization and popularization of exhibitions, fundraising galas, preservation of historical sites, publication of historical writings, and the erection of patriotic monuments. Drawing from a wide variety of sources, including annual organizations' reports, minutes of committees and of a DAR chapter, correspondence, reminiscences, newspapers, circulars, and ephemera, the dissertation argues that privileged women constructed a classed and gendered historical memory, which aimed to write women into the national historical narrative and present themselves as custodians of history. They constructed a subversive historical account that placed women on equal footing with male historical figures and argued that women played a significant role in shaping the nation's history. During the first three decades, privileged women advanced an idealized memory of Martha and George Washington with an intention to reconcile the sectional rift caused by the Civil War. From the early 1890s, with the formation of the Daughters of the American Revolution, elite women of colonial and revolutionary war ancestry constructed a more inclusive memory of revolutionary soldiers that aimed to inculcate the public, particularly recent immigrants, in patriotic and civic values. An introductory chapter demonstrates the social, political, and economic vulnerability of the elites and the institutions and historical memory they forged to shore up their privileged status from the colonial period to the Civil War. Through the organization of the Great Central Fair held in Philadelphia in 1864, the fundraising campaign on behalf of the Centennial Exposition, the preservation of George Washington's Headquarters at Valley Forge, the formation of the Historical Society of Montgomery County, and the activities of the Valley Forge Chapter DAR the dissertation demonstrates that women employed their experience to expand their activities beyond regional boundaries while also tending to local history. The dissertation contributes to the discussion regarding the construction of memory by adding gender and class as categories of analysis. It also adds to the historical debate regarding the professionalization of history by exploring women's historical writings during the period of institutionalization of history. / History