The aim of this study is to analyze the choice of living in a peri-urban area as part of a livelihood strategy. The method used for collection of primary data for the study was in-depth interviews and questionnaires, undertaken with residents of Mbezi Luisi, a peri-urban area in Dar es Salaam. In order to analyze this material, a theoretical framework consisting of both livelihood frameworks and migration theories was used. In addition, previous research made on migration patterns and livelihoods of the people living in peri-urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa was reviewed. The result of the study shows that people make active decisions in order to obtain a better life. From a livelihood perspective it was found that the peri-urban areas present unique livelihoods opportunities in comparison to urban and rural areas. I also found that a livelihood perspective may help urban and regional planners in their work.

<p>One of the challenges confronting cities innon-industrialised countries today is the fact that cities aregrowing at unprecedented rates, sizes and densities. Growthtrends in these cities are largely unregulated. In thesecountries, cities have changed in at least four major ways:their size, spatial organisation or morphology, the quality anddistribution of public services and infrastructure and theiremployment base. While this situation can be attributed toglobal urbanisation trends, the general poor knowledge on howthese cities develop, densify and acquire certain physicalcharacteristics has limited effective urban planning andmanagement. At times, the pervasive knowledge gap has beenassociated with the lack of relevant theories and concepts toexplain the evolution, growth and prevailing spatial qualities.However, the limited research in this field has alsocontributed to this problem. The other problem that confrontsthe rapidly urbanising city is continued sprawl that has beenmanifested in externalities of inadequate infrastructureprovision and under-utilisation of scarce resourcesparticularly land.</p><p>This thesis is an attempt to contribute towards addressingthese two problem areas. The main field of study is on urbantypes within a rapidly urbanising city context. Dar es Salaamcity was selected a case study area. The study exploresthetheoretical framework for classification and analysis ofsettlements. The relevance of this framework in the studycontext is examined. At low scale level, the study provides ananalysis of house forms, density, plot characteristics, spacesand space uses in formal and informal settlements.</p><p>The analysis shows that urbanisation under poverty andlow-density urban types greatly influence the sprawlingcharacter of the city. The increasing market-led housingdevelopment and ineffective planning responses are contributingfactors to the observed unguided densification anddeteriorating spatial qualities. It has also been shown thatwhile theoretical frameworks developed from most industrialisedcountries can be adapted to analyse urban types innon-industrialised countries, these theories are limited incomprehending fully the growth and character of rapidlyurbanising cities.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>Urban types, house forms, density, plotcharacteristics, spaces and space use, spatial quality, formaland informal settlements, Dar es Salaam.</p>

<p>Students in African universities have a long history of political involvement at the institutional level and in national politics. The present study investigates the political opinions of students in Tanzania with respect to (1) their attitudes towards democracy and how these attitudes could be explained, (2) student satisfaction with the way their university and their country, Tanzania, are governed, and (3) whether student leaders (SL) have more democratic attitudes than students who are not in formal student leadership positions (SNL) and if there are other relevant groups that can be identified whose political attitudes differ significantly from those of other groups. The study draws on the work of Bratton, Mattes and Gyimah-Boadi (2005) and employs a survey questionnaire adapted from the Afrobarometer. Using survey data collected at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, a number of questions are investigated, and related hypotheses are tested in order to determine the extent to which students understand and demand democracy, how they perceive the supply of democracy, and what their attitudes are towards university governance and national politics in general.</p>

Several steps are followed in order to evaluate the cycle as the title suggests. The diffusion absorption refrigerator (DAR) cycle performance is evaluated when using helium or hydrogen as auxiliary gas. A slight increase in COP is found when using helium, but it is not sufficient to justify the cost. A secondary simulation of an alternate dual-pressure cycle using a pump is done as feasibility comparison with the same parameters as the diffusion cycle. It was found that the second cycle is not acceptable due to high evaporator temperatures needed to ensure liquid enters the pump instead of partially evaporated solution. This would greatly increase the work input required for what essentially becomes a compressor. Optimisation of the DAR is evaluated by simulating the use of a rectification column and the effects of different design points on overall performance. Meteorological data for Potchefstroom, South Africa is used to perform a yearly analysis on the simulated cycle and to specify a suitable design point. The use of a radiative cooling system as heat sink for the system is then investigated and incorporated into the system model. Finally, the performance characteristics of the simulated DAR cycle are discussed, verified and compared with available data from similar research. It is shown that a 40% solution aqua-ammonia-hydrogen cycle driven by 526 kW of solar thermal energy at 130°C and a system pressure of 1.5 MPa can easily achieve a COP over 0.4 with an air-cooled absorber at 40°C and a water-cooled condenser at 35°C. A 231 kW refrigeration capacity at an average evaporator temperature of –20°C is achieved, satisfying the requirements for a domestic refrigeration system. / Thesis (MIng (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Several steps are followed in order to evaluate the cycle as the title suggests. The diffusion absorption refrigerator (DAR) cycle performance is evaluated when using helium or hydrogen as auxiliary gas. A slight increase in COP is found when using helium, but it is not sufficient to justify the cost. A secondary simulation of an alternate dual-pressure cycle using a pump is done as feasibility comparison with the same parameters as the diffusion cycle. It was found that the second cycle is not acceptable due to high evaporator temperatures needed to ensure liquid enters the pump instead of partially evaporated solution. This would greatly increase the work input required for what essentially becomes a compressor. Optimisation of the DAR is evaluated by simulating the use of a rectification column and the effects of different design points on overall performance. Meteorological data for Potchefstroom, South Africa is used to perform a yearly analysis on the simulated cycle and to specify a suitable design point. The use of a radiative cooling system as heat sink for the system is then investigated and incorporated into the system model. Finally, the performance characteristics of the simulated DAR cycle are discussed, verified and compared with available data from similar research. It is shown that a 40% solution aqua-ammonia-hydrogen cycle driven by 526 kW of solar thermal energy at 130°C and a system pressure of 1.5 MPa can easily achieve a COP over 0.4 with an air-cooled absorber at 40°C and a water-cooled condenser at 35°C. A 231 kW refrigeration capacity at an average evaporator temperature of –20°C is achieved, satisfying the requirements for a domestic refrigeration system. / Thesis (MIng (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

This research examines the sustainability of private sector participation in urban service delivery in developing countries. The solid waste collection service in Dar es Salaam – Tanzania was used as a case study. Municipalities in Tanzania have not been able to cope with the rapid generation rate of solid waste coupled by the rapid urbanization. This resulted in a relatively large quantity of solid waste remaining poorly managed and uncollected, which left an obvious gap for other stakeholders to participate in service provision. The private sector took the opportunity, in the early 1960s, to fill the gap left by the public sector in service provision. The research found that there are factors affecting the sustainability of the private sector, which include: support from the public sector; capacity from the private sector in terms of collection vehicles and equipment; households’ attitudes and behaviour regarding the privatization of the service; the awareness and participation of households in the service; and involvement of households in decision-making. The research also identified that there is a missing-link between the households, public sector administration and the private sector. The research concludes that, taking into consideration the above factors, the proposed guidelines formulated in this study illustrate ways in which private sector involvement in solid waste collection in urban developing countries will be sustainable.

A common theme of discussion raised by contemporary scholars is the making of cities competitive internationally to become a city of world class, which is argued to be the main priority facing urban planning and policy makers in the twenty-first century. These redevelopment projects are justified through various ways, however, mainly that they will spearhead economic development and increase national income. This study explores the Kigamboni redevelopment project in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It uncovers the vision and justification performed by the Government and it explores the tensions that emerged as a result of the lack of participation and transparency. When envisioning the future, the actors of the government pictures Kigamboni as very different from what it is today. It is argued that the urban visions of becoming modern are shaped without taking the different memories, stories and desires of the local residents of Kigamboni into consideration. In addition, the study illuminates the contestations by the residents, arisen in the context of the redevelopment project, with a main focus on a local organisation - the Kigamboni Committee. The community formed the Committee in order to reach an understanding of the project affecting them. The local association argues to represent the people of Kigamboni and aims to follow up on the project and undertake initiatives to highlight rights. However, the empirical findings reveals that it is questionable whether the Committee is actually representing the people of Kigamboni as they claim. The thesis further sheds lights on the importance to discuss the politics of social mobilisation.

Thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, there is a comprehensive view on the issue of donations in the context of social work. I focused on the characteristics of ethics and morals, on social work with elderly people, their family and the relationship between the worker and the client, as well as on the donations, including the act of receiving the donation, the motivation to donate and evaluation of the donations. In the last chapter I look into the Quality Standards of Social Services and describe here the procedure for receiving donations in several specific facilities. In practical part, my goal is to ascertain the attitude of family members in cases of elderly people wanting to donate to a professional caregiver or directly to a social service provider. In connection with the aim of this thesis, two questions have been defined. The first question is: What are the attitudes of family members who perceive donation as a negative phenomenon (bribe)? The second question is: What concept of life do the family members who perceive the donation to caregiver as neutral or positive adher to? Qualitative research strategy of an in-depth interview technique was chosen to meet the stated research goal. The method of simple deliberate (purposeful) selection was chosen to determine participants. Participants in the research were selected with regard to the family relationship to elderly people who use services of social workers or caregivers. Twelve communication partners attended the research. Data was processed in Atlas.ti 7 program. Data analysis revealed thirteen categories connected with the codes describing the statements of communication partners that expressed positive, neutral or negative attitudes to donations. The results of the research clarify the opinions of family members and thus extend the view on donating to providers of social service.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T12:39:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JacksonDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2058573 bytes, checksum: e489d3567a8e5ce6286ba6b9f74b537c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-12T12:39:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JacksonDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2058573 bytes, checksum: e489d3567a8e5ce6286ba6b9f74b537c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T12:39:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JacksonDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2058573 bytes, checksum: e489d3567a8e5ce6286ba6b9f74b537c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-25 / Dentre os in?meros fatores inerentes aos pa?ses para seu desenvolvimento tur?stico, o marketing configura-se como fator desafiador para criar marcas para seus destinos. A execu??o do marketing de um destino ? normalmente desenvolvida por empresas, conhecidas na literatura como Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs), e um dos trabalhos que s?o realizados por elas consiste na avalia??o da efic?cia da promo??o tur?stica empreendida. O presente estudo centrou-se na avalia??o da efic?cia da promo??o tur?stica do estado de Sergipe, especialmente pelo fato de o estado ser um destino em consolida??o no turismo nacional, mas que nos ?ltimos anos vem sofrendo um decr?scimo nos investimentos em promo??o, devido a fatores pol?ticos e econ?micos. Para tanto, nesta pesquisa, caracterizada como descritiva e explorat?ria, com abordagem quantitativa, foi utilizado o modelo mais recente referente a efic?cia da promo??o tur?stica: o Destination Advertising Response (DAR) Model, difundido por Stienmetz, Maxcy e Fesenmaier (2015), com a finalidade de analisar dados sobre a efic?cia de campanhas promocionais atrav?s do planejamento de viagem e gastos realizados pelos visitantes em seis facetas: passagens, hospedagem, atrativos, refei??es, eventos e compras. Foram coletados 384 question?rios e, por meio de estat?sticas descritivas, foi poss?vel tra?ar o perfil sociodemogr?fico dos respondentes. Atrav?s da an?lise de correla??o, foram identificadas as percep??es dos respondentes em rela??o aos materiais promocionais do estado. Com o uso do teste de compara??o de m?dias para amostras independentes, e as an?lises de regress?o m?ltipla, foi poss?vel identificar que, de modo geral, a promo??o tur?stica empreendida tem sido eficaz para cinco facetas de viagem, n?o sendo eficaz para a faceta ?Passagens?. Por outro lado, para os visitantes de ag?ncias f?sicas a promo??o de atrativos n?o se mostrou eficaz, ao passo que para os visitantes de ag?ncias virtuais a n?o efic?cia foi verificada na faceta ?Hospedagem?, e para os auto planejadores nas facetas ?Refei??es? e ?Compras?. Tais resultados contribu?ram para serem inferidas recomenda??es a fim de readequar o planejamento promocional do turismo do estado. / Among the many factors related to the countries for their tourism development, marketing is a challenging factor to create brands for their destinations. Companies, known in the literature as Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs), usually develop the marketing execution of a destination, and one of jobs that they do is to evaluate the tourism promotion effectiveness. The present study focused on evaluating the tourism promotion effectiveness in the state of Sergipe, especially because the state is a destination in consolidation in national tourism, but in recent years the state has suffered a decrease in investments in promotion due to political and economic factors. This research is characterized as descriptive and exploratory with a quantitative approach. It was used the most recent model related to tourism promotion effectiveness: the Destination Advertising Response (DAR) Model, widespread by Stienmetz, Maxcy e Fesenmaier (2015), to analyse data on promotional campaign effectiveness through travel planning and money spent by visitors in six facets: tickets, accommodations, attractions, restaurants, events, and shopping. It was collected 384 questionnaires and, through descriptive statistics, it was possible to trace the sociodemographic profile of the respondents. Through the correlation analysis, the respondents' perceptions regarding the promotional materials of the state were identified. Using the independent sample test t and the multiple regression analyzes, it was possible to identify that, in general, the tourism promotion undertaken has been effective for five facets of travel, not being effective for facet "Tickets". In the group of consumers of traditional agencies, the promotion of attractions was not effective, whereas in the group of online travel agencies' consumers, non-effectiveness was verified in the "Accommodations" facet, and in the group of self-planners in the facets "Restaurants" and "Shopping". These results contributed to inferring recommendations in order to re-adjust the state's tourism promotional planning.

Magister Educationis - MEd / Students in African universities have a long history of political involvement at the institutional level and in national politics. The present study investigates the political opinions of students in Tanzania with respect to (1) their attitudes towards democracy and how these attitudes could be explained, (2) student satisfaction with the way their university and their country, Tanzania, are governed, and (3) whether student leaders (SL) have more democratic attitudes than students who are not in formal student leadership positions (SNL) and if there are other relevant groups that can be identified whose political attitudes differ significantly from those of other groups. The study draws on the work of Bratton, Mattes and Gyimah-Boadi (2005) and employs a survey questionnaire adapted from the Afrobarometer. Using survey data collected at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, a number of questions are investigated, and related hypotheses are tested in order to determine the extent to which students understand and demand democracy, how they perceive the supply of democracy, and what their attitudes are towards university governance and national politics in general. / South Africa