Orientadores: Lea Maria Leme Strini Velho, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de Faria / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_RicardoArcanjode_M.pdf: 1998494 bytes, checksum: 2f4dff6b7e691b2c7ada2b626cd3b45d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta dissertação visa analisar a dinâmica da atividade científica na área de bioprospecção, através do tratamento bibliométrico em registros indexados na base de dados Science Citation Index (SCI), contribuindo para as atividades de investigação científica e tecnológica e aportando procedimentos metodológicos e indicadores para o estudo da produção e cooperação científica nesta área. Foram recuperados - através de processo de delimitação da área na base SCI - registros relativos ao período de 1996-2006 que, após tratamento bibliométrico, geraram indicadores que permitiram caracterizar a evolução temporal da produção de artigos científicos, a contribuição por área temática, países, instituições e a cooperação científica através da co-autoria. O estudo aponta que a dinâmica da área está concentrada nos países tidos como centrais, mas revelou uma contribuição importante de alguns países periféricos como o Brasil, além de reafirmar a urgência do estabelecimento de políticas científicas nos países biodiversos que apresentaram atividade científica débil neste setor / Abstract: This speech is to analyse the scientific activity dynamic in the bioprospection area, through the bibliometric treatment in indexed registers in the data base Science Citation Index (SCI), contributing to the scientific investigation and technology activities and indicating procedure metodologics and indicators to the production and cooperation study in this area. It was recovered ¿ through the delimitation process in the base area SCI ¿ related to the registers in the period from 1986 to 2006 that, after bibliometric treatment, it was created indicators that allowed to characterize the temporal evolution of the scientific articles, the contribution of the thematic area, countries, institutions and the scientific cooperation through the co-authorship. The study shows that the area dynamics is concentrated in the countries that are considered such as centrals, but it revealed an important contribution of some boundary countries such as Brazil and Spain, beyond to reaffirm the urgency of the scientific policy in the biodiverse countries that show poor scientific activities in this area / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

<p>U radu su definisane teorijske postavke povezivanja koncepata otvorenog i zatvorenog sveta u jedinstven sistem za rukovanje bazom podataka u režimu otvorenog, zatvorenog i otvorenog/zatvorenog sveta. Opisan je konkretan programski sistem BASELOG, koji je razvijen na datim teoretskim postavkama. Opisan je postupak projektovanja baza podataka u oblasti obrazovnog softvera, koji je zasnovan na BASELOG-sistemu.</p> / <p>In this work theoretical bases of connecting concept open and closed world in one data base management system which works through open, closed and open/closed world are defined. BASELOG-program system is descripted and developed on given theoretical bases. There is also descripted process of data base projecting in the field of education software which is based on BASELOG-system.</p>

Dans un contexte mondial marqué par l’essor d’une société de l’information, des savoirs partagés et de l’économie numérique, cette étude propose une évaluation de la protection des bases de données par le droit d’auteur, en privilégiant une approche comparative entre le droit français et le droit sénégalais. En mettant en exergue les éléments de convergence mais aussi de divergence qui ressortent de la confrontation des deux législations, cette analyse part de l’identification des forces et des faiblesses du droit d’auteur, en vue de proposer des orientations pour une amélioration du cadre juridique de la protection des bases de données. Le droit d’auteur étant le mécanisme de protection unanimement consacré pour les bases de données, il y a lieu, loin de s’en départir, d’identifier les meilleures options juridiques qui pourraient concourir à son renforcement. Dans cette optique, la prise en compte d’un équilibre parfait entre les divers intérêts en présence constitue un impératif pour le développement de la société de l’information. / In a global context marked by the rise of an information society, shared knowledge and digital economy, this study proposes an assessment of the protection of databases by Copyright (french meaning), privileging a comparative approach between French and Senegalese law. By highlighting the elements of convergence but also of divergence that emerge from the confrontation between the two legislations, this analysis starts from the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of copyright, to propose orientations aimed at improving the legal framework for the protection of databases. Copyright being the unanimously consecrated protection mechanism for databases, it is necessary, far from divesting it, to identify the best legal options that could contribute to its reinforcement. In this respect, it is imperative to take into account a perfect balance between the various interests for the development of the information society.

Pour automatiser l’harmonisation des bases de données industrielles de navigation sismique, une méthodologie et un logiciel ont été mis en place. La méthodologie d’Automatisation des Mesures de Ressemblance (AMR), permet de modéliser et hiérarchiser les critères de comparaison servant de repères pour l’automatisation. Accompagné d’un ensemble de seuils de tolérance, le modèle hiérarchisé a été utilisé comme filtre à tamis dans le processus de classification automatique permettant de trouver rapidement les données fortement similaires. La similarité est mesurée par un ensemble de métriques élémentaires, aboutissant à des scores numériques, puis elle est mesurée de manière plus globale et contextuelle, notamment suivant plusieurs échelles : entre les attributs, entre les données, et entre les groupes. Ces évaluations de la similarité permettent à la fois au système expert de présenter des analyses précises automatisées et à l’expert géophysicien de réaliser des interprétations multicritères en faisant en environ deux jours le travail qu’il faisait en trois semaines. Les stratégies de classification automatique sont quant à elles adaptables à différentes problématiques, à l’harmonisation des données, mais aussi à la réconciliation des données ou au géo-référencement de documents techniques. Le Logiciel Automatique de Comparaisons (LAC) est une implantation de l’AMR réalisée pour les services de Data Management et de Documentation Technique de TOTAL. L’outil industrialisé est utilisé depuis trois ans, mais n’est plus en maintenance informatique aujourd’hui malgré son usage. Les nouvelles fonctionnalités d'imagerie de base de données qui ont été développées dans cette thèse n'y sont pas encore intégrées, mais devraient permettre une meilleure visualisation des phénomènes. Cette dernière manière de représenter les données, fondée sur la mesure de similarité, permet d’avoir une image assez claire de données lourdes car complexes tout en permettant de lire des informations nécessaires à l’harmonisation et à l’évaluation de la qualité des bases. Ne pourrait-on pas chercher à caractériser, comparer, analyser, gérer les flux entrants et sortants des bases de données, suivre leurs évolutions et tirer des modes d’apprentissage automatique à partir du développement de cette imagerie ? / In order to harmonize industrial seismic navigation data bases, a methodology and a software have been developed. The methodology of Similarity Measurement Automation provides protocols to build a model and a hierarchy for the comparison criteria that shall be used as points of reference for the automation. With its tolerance set of thresholds, the model has been used as a scaled filter within the automatic classification process which aim is to find as quickly as possible very similar data. Similarity is measured by combinations of elementary metrics giving scores, and also by a global and contextual procedure, giving access to three levels of results: similarity between attributes, between individuals, and between groups. Accurate automated analyses of the expert system as well as human interpretations on multiple criteria are now possible thanks to these similarity estimations, reducing to two days instead of three weeks the work of a geophysicist. Classification strategies have been designed to suit the different data management issues, as well as harmonization, reconciliation or geo-referencing. The methodology has been implemented in software for automatic comparisons named LAC, and developed for Data Management and Technical Documentation services in TOTAL. The software has been industrialized and has been used for three years, even if now there is no technical maintenance anymore. The last data base visualization functionalities that have been developed have not been integrated yet to the software, but shall provide a better visualization of the phenomena. This latest way to visualize data is based on similarity measurement and obtains an image of complex and voluminous data clear enough. It also puts into relief information useful for harmonization and data quality evaluation. Would it be possible to characterize, compare, analyze and manage data flows, to monitor their evolution and figure out new machine learning methods by developing further this kind of data base imaging?

Αυτή η Διδακτορική Διατριβή πραγματεύεται το θέμα της ομαδοποίησης δεδομένων (clustering), καθώς και εφαρμογές των τεχνικών αυτών σε πραγματικά προβλήματα. Η παρουσίαση των επιμέρους θεμάτων και αποτελεσμάτων της διατριβής αυτής οργανώνεται ως εξής: Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 παρέχουμε τον ορισμό της Υπολογιστικής Νοημοσύνης σαν τομέας ερευνάς, και αναλύουμε τα ξεχωριστά τμήματα που τον αποτελούν. Για κάθε ένα από αυτά παρουσιάζεται μια σύντομη περιγραφή. Το Κεφάλαιο 2, ασχολείται με την ανάλυση του ερευνητικού πεδίου της ομαδοποίησης. Κάθε ένα από τα χαρακτηριστικά της αναλύεται ξεχωριστά και γίνεται μια επισκόπηση των σημαντικότερων αλγόριθμων ομαδοποίησης. Το Κεφάλαιο 3, αφιερώνεται στη παρουσίαση του αλγορίθμου UKW, που κατά την εκτέλεση του έχει την ικανότητα να προσεγγίζει το πλήθος των ομάδων σε ένα σύνολο δεδομένων. Επίσης παρουσιάζονται πειραματικά αποτελέσματα με σκοπό τη μελέτη της απόδοσης του αλγορίθμου. Στο Κεφάλαιο 4, προτείνεται μια επέκταση του αλγορίθμου UKW, σε μετρικούς χώρους. Η προτεινόμενη επέκταση διατηρεί όλα τα πλεονεκτήματα του αλγορίθμου UKW. Τα πειραματικά αποτελέσματα που παρουσιάζονται επίσης σε αυτό το κεφάλαιο, συγκρίνουν την προτεινόμενη επέκταση με άλλους αλγορίθμους. Στο επόμενο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζουμε τροποποιήσεις του αλγορίθμου με στόχο την βελτίωση των αποτελεσμάτων του. Οι προτεινόμενες τροποποιήσεις αξιοποιούν πληροφορία από τα τοπικά χαρακτηριστικά των δεδομένων, ώστε να κατευθύνουν όσο το δυνατόν καλύτερα την αλγοριθμική διαδικασία. Το Κεφάλαιο 6, πραγματεύεται επεκτάσεις του αλγορίθμου σε κατανεμημένες Βάσεις δεδομένων. Για τις διάφορες υποθέσεις που μπορούν να γίνουν όσον αφορά τη φύση του περιβάλλοντος επικοινωνίας, παρουσιάζονται κατάλληλοι αλγόριθμοι. Στο Κεφάλαιο 7, εξετάζουμε την περίπτωση δυναμικών βάσεων δεδομένων. Σε ένα τέτοιο μη στατικό περιβάλλον αναπτύσσεται μια επέκταση του αλγορίθμου UKW, που ενσωματώνει τη δυναμική δομή δεικτοδότησης Bkd-tree. Επιπλέον παρουσιάζονται θεωρητικά αποτελέσματα για την πολυπλοκότητα χειρότερης περίπτωσης του αλγορίθμου. Το Κεφάλαιο 8, μελετά την εφαρμογή αλγορίθμων ομαδοποίησης σε δεδομένα γονιδιακών εκφράσεων. Επίσης προτείνεται και αξιολογείται ένα υβριδικό σχήμα που καταφέρνει να αυτοματοποιήσει την όλη διαδικασία επιλογής γονιδίων και ομαδοποίησης. Τέλος, η παρουσίαση του ερευνητικού έργου αυτής της διατριβής ολοκληρώνεται στο Κεφάλαιο 9 που ασχολείται με την ανάπτυξη υβριδικών τεχνικών που συνδυάζουν την ομαδοποίηση και τα Τεχνητά Νευρωνικά Δίκτυα, και αναδεικνύει τις δυνατότητες τους σε δύο πραγματικά προβλήματα. / This Doctoral Dissertation appoints the issue of data Clustering, as well as the applications of these kind of methods in real world problems. The presentation of the individual results of this dissertation is organised as follows: In Chapter 1, the definition of Computational Intelligence is provided as a research area. For each distinct part of this area a short description is supplied. Chapter 2, deals with the analysis of the research area of Clustering per se, and its characteristics are analysed separably. Moreover, we provide a review of the most representative clustering algorithms. Chapter 3, is devoted to the presentation of the UKW algorithm, that is able to endogenously provide approximations for the number of clusters in a dataset, during its execution. Furthermore, the included experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's efficiency. In Chapter 4, an extension of the UKW algorithm to metric spaces is proposed. This extension preserves all the advantages of the original algorithm. The included experimental results compare the proposed extension to other approaches. In the next chapter we present modifications of the UKW algorithm that scope to improve its efficiency. This is performed through the utilisation of information from the local characteristics of the data, so as to direct more efficiently the whole clustering procedure. Chapter 6, deals with extensions of the algorithm in distributed data bases. For the various assumptions that can be postulated for the nature of the communication environment different algorithms are proposed. In Chapter 7, we consider the case of dynamic databases. In such a non-static environment, an algorithm is developed that draws form the principles of the UKW algorithm, and embodies the dynamic indexing Bkd-tree data structure. Moreover, theoretical results are presented regarding the worst case complexity of the algorithm. Chapter 8, studies the application of clustering algorithms in gene expression data. Besides, it is proposed and evaluated, a hybrid algorithmic scheme that manages to automate the whole procedure of gene selection and clustering. Finally, the presentation of the research work of this dissertation is fulfilled in Chapter 9. This Chapter is devoted to the development of hybrid techniques that combine clustering methods and Artificial Neural Networks, and demonstrate their abilities in two real world problems.

Final Technical Report / Grant No. AFOSR 72-2406 / March 1, 1976 / Results are reported from the first three years of a five-year project to reconstruct past climatic fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere from variations in the growth rings of trees. The most significant result is the growing international collaboration stimulated by this research effort. The second is the development of 127 high-quality tree-ring chronologies from North America and Europe. Other developments include the establishment of the International Tree-Ring Data Bank, evaluation of multivariate techniques for calibration and analysis, the selection of a revised data set for reconstructing North American climate, and several other technical achievements. These results now will be used to improve reconstructions of past climate and to expand them to eastern North America and Europe.

Tyrimo „Lietuvos ir Latvijos profesinio orientavimo sistemos 1990 – 2012“ tikslas yra atlikti Lietuvos ir Latvijos profesinio orientavimo sistemų, paslaugų teikėjų (institucijų, kurios yra atsakingos už profesinio orientavimo paslaugų teikimą, kokybę, plėtotę) lyginamąją analizę. Tyrimo ataskaitą sudaro 4 skyriai. Pirmame skyriuje analizuojama ir lyginama abiejų šalių profesinio orientavimo sistemų raida nuo 1990 m. iki 2012 m. Antrame skyriuje analizuojamos ir lyginamos profesinio informavimo struktūros t.y., už profesinį orientavimą atsakingos institucijos. Trečiame skyriuje analizuojamos ir lyginamos Lietuvos ir Latvijos profesinio informavimo internetinės duomenų bazės. Ketvirtame skyriuje lyginami Lietuvos ir Latvijos profesinį orientavimą reglamentuojantys teisiniai dokumentai.Tyrimas grindžiamas prielaida, kad Lietuvos ir Latvijos profesinio orientavimo sistemos plėtojamos skirtingai, nepaisant to, kad yra kaimyninės šalys ir jas sieja istoriniai bei politiniai įvykiai. Atlikus tyrimą nustatyta, kad Lietuvos ir Latvijos profesinio orientavimo sistemos yra plėtojamos skirtingai, nes: priimami skirtingo pobūdžio įstatymai, orientuojamasi į skirtingas profesinio orientavimo sistemos dalis ir t.t. Nors rasta ir labai daug panašumų: Europos Sąjungos fondų vykdyti tokie pat arba panašūs projektai, sutampa, kai kurių už profesinį orientavimą atsakingų institucijų veiklą ir t.t. Tačiau negalima patvirtinti, kad Lietuvos profesinio orientavimo sistema yra labiau išvystyta negu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the research “Lithuanian and Latvian Systems of Professional Orientation in 1990-2012” is to perform a comparative analysis between the Lithuanian and Latvian vocational guidance systems and the service providers (institutions, responsible for vocational guidance service providing, their quality and development). The research report consists of 4 chapters. In the first one, there are analysed and compared the development of vocational guidance systems from 1900 till 2012 in both countries. In the second chapter, there are analysed and compared professional information structures, i. e. institutions, responsible for vocational guidance. In the third chapter, there are analysed and compared internet data bases of the Lithuanian and Latvian professional information. In the last chapter of the report, the legal documents regulating the Lithuanian and Latvian vocational guidance are compared. The research is grounded on the assumption that despite the Lithuanian and Latvian common historical and political events, the vocational guidance systems are developed differently in both countries. The research showed that the Lithuanian and Latvian vocational guidance systems are developed differently, because: the legislation is drafted of different character, it is oriented to different vocational guidance systems parts, etc. Even though there were certain similarities found: same projects, developed by the European Union funds, activity of some institutions, responsible for... [to full text]

CAPES / A necessidade de dados regionais em estudos de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é comum a muitos países em desenvolvimento, que buscam resultados mais representativos dos processos locais. Na ausência de bases de dados de inventários que representem o modo de produção local, geralmente são utilizados na análise do Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV) os dados que se encontrarem disponíveis. O desenvolvimento de uma base de dados consolidada, no entanto, exige investimentos em capacitação técnica, tempo e recursos. Uma alternativa para solucionar este problema é a adaptação de bases de dados, que possui a vantagem de não necessitar um investimento demasiado de recursos. Além disso, permite se valer de dados para outros processos que fazem parte do ciclo de vida do produto em um mundo globalizado. Com isso, o objetivo geral deste estudo é promover o desenvolvimento mais eficiente de dados de inventário aplicáveis aos estudos de ACV de serviços e produtos manufaturados nacionais, por meio da adaptação de bases de dados. Para isto, os processos elementares prioritários para a adaptação foram determinados, utilizando o software MATLAB R2013a, tendo como fonte dos dados o relatório dos cem maiores produtos industriais nacionais, publicado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Além destes produtos, a geração de energia elétrica nacional também foi incluída na pesquisa. A base de dados selecionada para a adaptação foi o ecoinvent v.3.1 e a correspondência entre os itens do relatório do IBGE e a base de dados foi encontrada para 54 produtos. Os resultados de contribuição de processos, calculados com o método IMPACT 2002+, mostraram que menos de 1% da quantidade total de processos elementares da base de dados é relevante para a priorização. Um ranking de processos foi estabelecido ponderando os resultados das quatro áreas de dano do método. Os fluxos mais sensíveis a mudanças foram determinados por meio da aplicação da análise de perturbação, tanto para as intervenções tecnológicas quanto para as ambientais. Esta análise indicou que, para todas as categorias, menos de 100 fluxos tiveram multiplicadores maiores que 1%, o que representa cerca de 0,03% do número total de fluxos quantificados. Após a determinação dos processos prioritários e fluxos relevantes, a comparação das cadeias de produção foi realizada qualitativamente para alguns processos de produção, como o de leite, clínquer e ferro-gusa. A determinação dos processos elementares prioritários e dos fluxos mais sensíveis, bem como sua adaptação, se mostrou uma abordagem pertinente na tentativa de encaminhar os primeiros esforços para suprir as dificuldades encontradas na criação de datasets de produtos nacionais. / The need for regional data in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies is common to many developing countries, which are looking for representative results to local processes. In the absence of databases representing the local production, the studies generally use the available data. However, the development of a consolidated database requires investments as technical training, time and financial resources. An alternative to solve this problem is the adaptation of databases, which has the advantage of not requiring so many investments. It also allows the use of data from other processes that are part of the product life cycle in a globalizing world. Thus, the aim of this study is to promote the efficient development of inventory data applicable to LCA studies of national services and manufactured products, through the adaptation of databases. Therefore, the priority elementary processes for adaptation were determined using MATLAB R2013a software, using as data source the report of the top hundred industrial products, published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In addition to these products, the national electricity generation was also included in the research. The database selected for adaptation was the ecoinvent v.3.1 and the correspondence between the items of the IBGE's report and the database was found to 54 products. The results of process contribution calculated using IMPACT 2002+ method showed that less than 1% of the total amount of unit processes in the database is important to prioritization. A ranking of process was established by weighting the results of the four damage areas of method. The most sensitive flows were determined by application of the perturbation analysis, both for the technological and environmental interventions. This analysis indicated that, for all the categories, less than 100 flows had multipliers higher than 1%, which represents about 0.03% of the total number of quantified flows. After determination of the priority flows and relevant processes, comparison of production lines was qualitatively performed to some processes, such as milk, pig iron and clinker. The determination of priority unit processes and sensitive flows, as well as their adaptation, was a pertinent approach in the attempt to direct the first efforts to overcome the difficulties in creating datasets of national products.

CAPES / A necessidade de dados regionais em estudos de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é comum a muitos países em desenvolvimento, que buscam resultados mais representativos dos processos locais. Na ausência de bases de dados de inventários que representem o modo de produção local, geralmente são utilizados na análise do Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV) os dados que se encontrarem disponíveis. O desenvolvimento de uma base de dados consolidada, no entanto, exige investimentos em capacitação técnica, tempo e recursos. Uma alternativa para solucionar este problema é a adaptação de bases de dados, que possui a vantagem de não necessitar um investimento demasiado de recursos. Além disso, permite se valer de dados para outros processos que fazem parte do ciclo de vida do produto em um mundo globalizado. Com isso, o objetivo geral deste estudo é promover o desenvolvimento mais eficiente de dados de inventário aplicáveis aos estudos de ACV de serviços e produtos manufaturados nacionais, por meio da adaptação de bases de dados. Para isto, os processos elementares prioritários para a adaptação foram determinados, utilizando o software MATLAB R2013a, tendo como fonte dos dados o relatório dos cem maiores produtos industriais nacionais, publicado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Além destes produtos, a geração de energia elétrica nacional também foi incluída na pesquisa. A base de dados selecionada para a adaptação foi o ecoinvent v.3.1 e a correspondência entre os itens do relatório do IBGE e a base de dados foi encontrada para 54 produtos. Os resultados de contribuição de processos, calculados com o método IMPACT 2002+, mostraram que menos de 1% da quantidade total de processos elementares da base de dados é relevante para a priorização. Um ranking de processos foi estabelecido ponderando os resultados das quatro áreas de dano do método. Os fluxos mais sensíveis a mudanças foram determinados por meio da aplicação da análise de perturbação, tanto para as intervenções tecnológicas quanto para as ambientais. Esta análise indicou que, para todas as categorias, menos de 100 fluxos tiveram multiplicadores maiores que 1%, o que representa cerca de 0,03% do número total de fluxos quantificados. Após a determinação dos processos prioritários e fluxos relevantes, a comparação das cadeias de produção foi realizada qualitativamente para alguns processos de produção, como o de leite, clínquer e ferro-gusa. A determinação dos processos elementares prioritários e dos fluxos mais sensíveis, bem como sua adaptação, se mostrou uma abordagem pertinente na tentativa de encaminhar os primeiros esforços para suprir as dificuldades encontradas na criação de datasets de produtos nacionais. / The need for regional data in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies is common to many developing countries, which are looking for representative results to local processes. In the absence of databases representing the local production, the studies generally use the available data. However, the development of a consolidated database requires investments as technical training, time and financial resources. An alternative to solve this problem is the adaptation of databases, which has the advantage of not requiring so many investments. It also allows the use of data from other processes that are part of the product life cycle in a globalizing world. Thus, the aim of this study is to promote the efficient development of inventory data applicable to LCA studies of national services and manufactured products, through the adaptation of databases. Therefore, the priority elementary processes for adaptation were determined using MATLAB R2013a software, using as data source the report of the top hundred industrial products, published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In addition to these products, the national electricity generation was also included in the research. The database selected for adaptation was the ecoinvent v.3.1 and the correspondence between the items of the IBGE's report and the database was found to 54 products. The results of process contribution calculated using IMPACT 2002+ method showed that less than 1% of the total amount of unit processes in the database is important to prioritization. A ranking of process was established by weighting the results of the four damage areas of method. The most sensitive flows were determined by application of the perturbation analysis, both for the technological and environmental interventions. This analysis indicated that, for all the categories, less than 100 flows had multipliers higher than 1%, which represents about 0.03% of the total number of quantified flows. After determination of the priority flows and relevant processes, comparison of production lines was qualitatively performed to some processes, such as milk, pig iron and clinker. The determination of priority unit processes and sensitive flows, as well as their adaptation, was a pertinent approach in the attempt to direct the first efforts to overcome the difficulties in creating datasets of national products.

Orientador: Claudia M. Bauzer Medeiros / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T18:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GonzalesMalaverri_JoanaEsther_M.pdf: 7785529 bytes, checksum: 898b84df81a858308fd9c919606e4936 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A pesquisa em biodiversidade requer correlacionar dados sobre seres vivos e seus habitats. Essas correlações podem ser de varios tipos, integrando desde relacionamentos espaciais a especificações ambientais (descrições do habitat ou ecossistema). Sistemas de Biodiversidade são sistemas de software complexos que permitem aos pesquisadores realizar tais analises. A complexidade desses sistemas varia com os dados manipulados, os usuários visados e o ambiente em que são executados. Um problema que deve ser enfrentado, especialmente no ambiente Web, é a heterogeneidade dos dados, agravado pela diversidade dos vocabularios dos usuarios. Esta dissertação contribui para resolver tal problema, apresentando um modelo de banco de dados que permite organizar informações de biodiversidade a partir de padrões mundiais de dados. O modelo proposto combina informações coletadas em campo com dados de catalogos de museus. Para a especificação do modelo, contamos com a participação de ecologos e biologos. Para permitir o acesso e recuperação de informação de forma transparente, o banco de dados foi encapsulado em um servi"co Web, que é invocado por aplicaçõoes cliente. A validação do banco de dados e do servi"co utiliza dados reais fornecidos pelos parceiros do projeto BIO-CORE, um projeto de pesquisa que envolve pesquisadores em Computação e Biologia da UNICAMP e USP / Abstract: Abstract: Biodiversity research requires correlations of data on living beings and their habitats. Such correlations can be of different types, considering factors such as spatial relationships or environmental descriptions (e.g., description of habitat and ecossystems). Biodiversity information systems are complex pieces of software that allow researchers to perform these kinds of analysis. The complexity of these systems varies with the data used, the target users, and the environment where the systems are executed. One of the problems to be faced, especially on the Web, is the heterogeneity of the data aggravated by the diversity of user vocabularies. This research contributes to solve this problem by presenting a database model that organizes the biodiversity information using consensual data standards. The proposed model combines information collected in the ¯eld with that from museum data catalogues. The model was specified with the assistance of biologists and ecologists. The database was encapsulated in a Web service to ensure transparency in using, accessing and recovering the information. The service is invoked by client applications. The database and service were validated using real data, provided by the BIO-CORE project partners. BIO-CORE is a research project that involves computer and biology researchers from UNICAMP and USP / Mestrado / Banco de Dados / Mestre em Ciência da Computação