Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-31 / O presente estudo seccional visa identificar e quantificar fatores de risco de anemia em 212 lactentes matriculados em duas creches públicas e três filantrópicas no município de São Paulo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com as mães, coleta de sangue por punção digital e antropometria. Considerou-se como anemia, hemoglobina inferior a 11g/dl. Foi ajustado um modelo de regressão logística para fatores de risco entre grupos de lactentes com e sem anemia. Os pacotes estatísticos utilizados foram o Epi Info 2000 e o Stata 8.0. A prevalência de anemia foi de 51,9%. O modelo logístico final foi composto por 4 variáveis alocadas por critério hierárquico: presença de 1 ou mais irmãos menores que 5 anos (OR=2,57/p=0,005); estar freqüentando creche de administração exclusivamente pública (OR=2,12/p=0,020); uso de aleitamento materno exclusivo inferior a 2 meses (OR=1,88/p=0,044) e idade inferior a 15 meses (OR=2,32/p=0,006). Concluiu-se que a alta prevalência de anemia encontrada evidencia a dificuldade do sistema de creches estudado para controlar e prevenir esta carência nutricional, portanto cabe ao planejador de saúde considerar os riscos de anemia identificados e quantificados quando da elaboração de programas de controle e prevenção. / The present cross-sectional study aims at identifying and quantifying risk factors for anemia in 212 infants enrolled in two public and three philanthropic day care centers in São Paulo city. Interviews with the mothers, collection of blood by digital punction and anthropometry were performed. When the hemoglobin was lower than 11g/dl it was considered anemia. A logistic regression model for risk factors between groups of infants with and without anemia was adjusted. Statistical softwares Epi Info 2000 and Stata 8.0 were used. The prevalence of anemia was 51.9%. The final logistic model comprised 4 variables assign by hierarchic standard: presence of one or more siblings under 5 years old (OR=2.57/p=0.005), to attend exclusively public managed day care centers (OR=2.12/p=0.020), exclusive maternal breast feeding for less than 2 months (OR=1.88/p=0.044), age under 15 months (OR=2.32/p=0.006). We concluded that the high prevalence of anemia found evidences the difficulty of the studied day care centers system regarding control and prevention of such nutritional failure, therefore it should be the health planner’s responsibility to consider the risks for anemia identified and quantified by the time the control and prevention programs are elaborated. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

The development of social services and de facto day care, too, is influenced by numerous circumstances, the significance of which changes depending on particular historic conditions in individual regions. That these circumstances are mainly of demographic, socio-economic and socio-political character. The main purpose of this dissertation was, therefore, to find a relation between selected aspects of day care (territorial profile, legislative change and profile of an organisation providing day care) and the development of day care (by means of increasing the number of its users; increasing the exploitation of tasks; developing the temporal and territorial availability of the service; through the range of optional services on offer; increasing quality of the services provided, and by improving the system of funding). In order to achieve such goals, I intended to take advantage of the mixed research approach from the very beginning. In order to describe and analyze the degree of independence of variables, quantitative research methods were used, which were applied both with the usage of secondary data analysis, and by the means of survey. In order to have a better understanding of the relation between selected aspects of day care and its development, a qualitative method was chosen since it was presumed that it was on the basis of an interpretation of information provided by "practicing experts" that the wider context of the issue under observation could be grasped. The research makes it clear that mutual relations between selected characteristics of territorial profile and the number of day care users in the Czech Republic is significantly diversified. Despite this diversity, several common features of the territorial profile were identified, and these features have an impact on the development of day care in the country. When asked to evaluate the territorial availability of day care after the passing of Act No. 180/2006 Coll., on Social Services, respondents claimed that no significant changes have occurred. The law has been in force for seven years, but providers of day care services do not notice any greater interest in their services. On the contrary; the scope of tasks performed by the day care personnel is experiencing a decreasing trend. It was proven that particularly religious or regional organisations providing day care services bring greater territorial availability of the service, and, besides that, take care of the expanding temporal availability of their services on a more frequent basis. The providers have confirmed that, as far as providing day care services, Act No. 108/2006 Coll., on Social Services, has brought about mainly qualitative changes which are stipulated by defined rules, control mechanisms and the individualisation of the service. In spite of its indisputable pros, however, the act should be improved, especially when it comes to the current funding of the service and the quality of inspections by the social services.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta pesquisa que se insere na linha Infância, Juventude e Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/RJ buscou analisar como as coordenadoras/diretoras das 23 creches públicas de Juiz de Fora/MG compreendem o recente processo de transição da gestão das creches vinculadas à assistência social através da Associação Municipal de Apoio Comunitário (Amac) para a Secretaria de Educação, quando confrontadas com as perspectivas anunciadas na política oficial. Alguns objetivos específicos orientaram este estudo: (1) analisar a política oficial de inserção das creches ao sistema de ensino no município em questão; (2) Compreender como as coordenadoras/diretoras de creches percebem e vivenciam a implementação das políticas de inserção das creches ao sistema de ensino; (3) Identificar os principais embates e desafios que surgiram no contexto da prática após a implementação da transição e como as coordenadoras/diretoras lidam com eles. Como referencial para análise da política em foco, adotou-se a abordagem do ciclo de políticas (policy cycle approach) formulada por Stephen Ball e seus colaboradores. Segundo essa matriz as políticas educacionais são tratadas como textos, discursos e práticas produzidos em três contextos articulados entre si: o contexto de influência, o contexto da produção de texto e o contexto da prática. O contexto de influência foi acessado a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas. O contexto da produção de texto ganhou visibilidade pela via da análise documental. Os dados do contexto da prática, foco principal desta pesquisa, foram produzidos em três sessões reflexivas realizadas entre 2008 e 2013 com as coordenadoras/diretoras das 23 creches públicas de Juiz de Fora/MG. As análises apontaram que o processo de transição das creches tem sido produzido em meio a discursos e textos sujeitos a influências e inter-relações com as políticas locais, nacionais e globais. Mostrou também que a ausência de representantes do contexto da prática na elaboração inicial da política gerou apreensão e insegurança nos profissionais das creches. A produção da política foi marcada por conflitos entre as coordenadoras/diretoras e a Secretaria de Educação, e dificuldades advindas do modelo fragmentado de gestão da rede de creches em duas instâncias (Amac e Secretaria de Educação). A redução desses conflitos demandou negociações e adaptações de ambos os lados. A formação continuada no contexto das creches emergiu como uma contribuição para o avanço das práticas educativas. No entanto, a necessidade do poder público rever a carreira e as condições de trabalho dos profissionais dessas instituições foi ressaltada como uma questão fundamental para a construção de um atendimento com qualidade / The objective of this study, which is included in the Childhood, Adolescence and Education segment of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro/RJ, is to analyze how coordinators/principals at 23 public day care centers in the city of Juiz de Fora, state of MG, understand the recent transition process in the management of day care centers linked to social assistance through the Municipal Association of Community Support (Amac) for the Department of Education, when faced with the prospects announced in the official policy. Some specific objectives guided this study as follows: (1) Reviewing the official policy for inclusion of daycare centers in the city education system; (2) Understanding how day care center coordinators/principals perceive and experience the implementation of policies to include daycare in the educational system; (3) Identifying key struggles and challenges that have arisen in the context of practice after implementing the transition and how coordinators/principals cope with them. As a reference in analyzing this policy, we adopted the policy cycle approach as formulated by Stephen Ball and colleagues. According to this approach, educational policies are treated as texts, discourses and practices which are produced in three contexts that are integrated with each other: the context of influence; the text production context; and the context of practice. The context of influence was accessed from literature investigation. The text production context gained visibility by means of document analysis. Data for the context of practice the main focus of this research were produced in three reflective sessions held between 2008 and 2013 with coordinators/principals at 23 public day care centers in Juiz de Fora/MG. Analyses showed that the day care center transition process has been taking place amid discourses and texts that are subject to influences and interrelations with local, national and global policies. It also showed that the absence of practical context representatives in the initial drafting of the policy generated apprehension and insecurity for day care center professionals. The drafting of the policy was marked by conflicts between coordinators/principals and the Department of Education, as well as difficulties arising from the fragmented model of managing the day care network in two instances (Amac and Department of Education). Mitigating these conflicts demanded negotiations and adjustments on both sides. Continued education in the context of day care has emerged as a contribution to the advancement of educational practice. However, the need for the government to review the career and working conditions for professionals in these institutions was emphasized as a key issue to build a quality service

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar e desenhar o perfil dos professores de Educação Infantil do município do Rio de Janeiro, que trabalham em turmas de creche e são oriundos do primeiro concurso realizado para o cargo. Para tanto, as políticas públicas nacionais e regionais foram analisadas à luz do referencial do Ciclo de Políticas, de Ball e Bowe (1992 - 1994). Foram observados os diferentes contextos que culminaram com a criação do cargo de Professor de Educação Infantil (2010) na busca de elementos que ajudam a conhecer o quadro funcional dos profissionais que atuam na Educação Infantil, mais especificamente nas creches cariocas. Apresentamos um breve levantamento dos dados sobre a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em especial, o lugar que ocupa a Educação Infantil no sistema de ensino carioca. A pesquisa adota uma metodologia qualitativa-quantitativa (quali-quanti). Foi utilizado um questionário digital (plataforma Google Docs) com questões referentes aos aspectos funcionais e formativos do professor. O questionário foi enviado digitalmente às creches para que fosse disponibilizado aos professores de educação infantil nelas lotados. Foram realizados dois grupos focais com professores que responderam ao instrumento digital e aceitaram o convite para participação na modalidade presencial da pesquisa. As questões apresentadas nos Grupos Focais buscaram qualificar os dados produzidos no questionário. As análises qualitativas apoiaram-se na perspectiva teórica de Lev Vigotski e entendem os sujeitos sócio-históricos, imersos em contextos específicos de desenvolvimento e em processo contínuo de transformação. A análise quantitativa apresentou dados relativos à idade, sexo, grupamentos de atuação e experiência profissional. A qualitativa ampliou a discussão sobre a formação inicial e continuada dos PEI e o processo de construção da identidade profissional por eles vivido, dando destaque às situações de conflitos existentes nos ambientes de trabalho (creche e EDI). O perfil produzido revela que o cargo é ocupado por professoras, com idade média de 37 anos, graduadas e que atuam prioritariamente em turmas de maternal. O acesso aos dados produzidos por esta pesquisa pode auxiliar a formulação de políticas públicas que busquem o desenvolvimento das crianças cariocas matriculadas nas creches, a partir do investimento em profissionais especificamente formados para lidar com os desafios do trabalho com as crianças pequenas / This research aims to investigate and draw the profile of the early childhood educators in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, working in public day care centres, in particular those nominated from the first public recruitment exam held for this position. For this purpose, national and regional policies were analysed in light of the Policy Cycle approach by Ball and Bowe (1992-1994). Different contexts that led to the creation of the position of Early Childhood Educator (2010) were observed in search of elements to help understand the workforce of professionals in Early Childhood Education, more specifically in Rio public day care centres. We present a brief survey of data about Rio de Janeiro city, in particular, the place of Early Childhood in the Rio Education System. The research adopts a qualitative- quantitative methodology (quali- quanti). A digital questionnaire was used (Google Docs platform) with questions regarding functional aspects and the training of the educator. The questionnaire was sent digitally to the day care centres where the educators could access it. There were two focus groups with educators who responded to the digital questionnaire and accepted the invitation to participate in the research in-person. The questions in the focus groups sought to qualify the data generated by the questionnaire. Qualitative analyses are based on the theoretical perspective of Lev Vygotsky and encompasses the socio-historical subjects, immersed in specific contexts of development and continuous process of transformation. The quantitative analysis presented data on age, gender, work clusters and professional experience. The qualitative analysis expanded the discussion to initial and continuous training of the Early Childhood Educator and the construction of its professional identity, giving prominence to conflict situations existing in the workplace. The profile output reveals that the position is occupied by teachers, with an average age of 37, graduated and working mainly in classes with children aged 18 months to 3 and a half i.e. the older ones of Early Childhood. Access to the data produced by this research can help formulate public policies that seek the development of children enrolled in public day care centres in Rio de Janeiro, through investing in professionals specifically trained to deal with the challenges of working with small children

Esta Pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, teve por objetivo, descrever e analisar o processo de formação (2009) de um grupo de educadores os Agentes Auxiliares de Creche1 (AAC)-, recém concursados, através de um Estudo de Caso. Para tanto, fez parte das análises as recentes mudanças nas políticas de educação infantil do município do Rio de Janeiro (1997-2010) e o percurso de constituição da unidade de educação infantil -Creche Municipal Odetinha Vidal de Oliveira, através do relato de alguns de seus líderes comunitários. No município do Rio de Janeiro, as creches públicas resultaram da transferência das instituições que pertenciam à antiga Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Social (SMDS), atual Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social (SMAS), para a Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME). Atualmente, a rede municipal de ensino totaliza 255 creches municipais, com 33.348 alunos, em horário integral (7h -17h). No ano de 2005, o poder executivo do município do Rio de Janeiro, através da Lei 3985 de 08 de abril, criou a categoria funcional de Agente Auxiliar de Creche, que passou a integrar o Quadro de Pessoal de Apoio à Educação. O ingresso ao cargo deu-se através de concurso público, realizado em 2007, constituído de provas e provas de títulos, sendo exigida, a formação mínima em nível fundamental (o que fere a LDBEN 9394/96) e carga horária de 40 horas semanais. A seleção ocorreu regionalmente, isto é, por CRE. Em junho de 2008, o quadro de pessoal das creches públicas do município do Rio de Janeiro passou a contar em sua estrutura, com os novos profissionais egressos do concurso, marcando uma nova trajetória na história dessas instituições. A partir da análise do perfil destes educadores, meu objetivo foi refletir sobre a formação em serviço necessária para atender às especificidades de trabalho com criança de zero a três anos. Estaremos assim, co-participando na implementação de políticas públicas de Educação Infantil da prefeitura quanto à formação em serviço dos agentes auxiliares de creche. Para tanto, propomos três temas comuns e complementares de pesquisa: Inserção das crianças e famílias à creche; Brincar/Brincadeira; Arranjo espacial. Os instrumentos utilizados na pesquisa foram: observação participativa, questionários, e entrevistas. Foram também desenvolvidas, com os educadores, atividades de formação e sessões reflexivas que proporcionem o pleno desenvolvimento profissional desses sujeitos. / This is a qualitative research, which aims at describing and analysing through a Case Study the training process (2009) of a group of recently selected/appointed child care workers -Day Care Center Assistants (Agentes Auxiliares de Creche, AAC1). In order to do so, the recent changes in early childhood education policies within the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (1997-2010) and the development of an early childhood provision -Creche Municipal Odetinha Vidal de Oliveira, from the perspective of some of its community leaders has been taken into consideration. In the Rio de Janeiro, municipally funded day care centers resulted from institutions which previously belonged to the former Ministry for Social Development (SMDS), the present Municipal Social Services Authority (SAMS) which takes care of the Municipal Personnel Supporting Roles in Education for the Municipal Education Secretariat (EMS). Currently, the municipally funded schools total 255 day care centers, with 33,348 students, full time (07:00 17:00). In 2005, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro executive power, through Law 3985 of 08 April, created the supporting role of Day Care Center Assistants (Agentes Auxiliares de Creche, AAC). Admission to this post was made through a public applications process held in 2007. This process included exams and evaluation of qualifications with minimum requirement of education at elementary level (reference: LDBEN 9394/96). This was a full-time position with a workload of 40 hours per week. The selection process took place regionally, within each CRE. In June 2008 the staff of municipally funded day care centers in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro began to rely on their new structure, with newly selected/appointed staff following the above described selection process. This marked a new trend in the history of these institutions. Taking the profile analysis of these newly selected/appointed staff as a starting point, my goal was to reflect on in-service training necessary to meet the specific requirements to working wihin early years education from birth to three years of age. In doing so I co-participated in the implementation of public policies on early childhood education as part of the municipalitys in-service training for Day Care Center Assistants (Agentes Auxiliares de Creche, AAC). To this purpose, I proposed three common and complementary research themes: admission of children and their families to this day Care Center (Creche Municipal Odetinha Vidal de Oliveira); Play and Games; Spatial Arrangement. The research methods used in the study included participant observation, questionnaires and interviews. Additionally, training activities and reflective sessions were developed where the newly selected/appointed staff were given full opportunities for their professional development.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 spada_acm_me_prud.pdf: 1152551 bytes, checksum: 4199d89f22610d5abb56c11de151d1f2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This research discusses the children.s education developed in public child day care centers. Historically, the attendance developed by child day care had been directed to children from popular class in Brazil and specially in Brazil, this kind of attendance were developed based on philanthropic work, with practices inside the institutions purely based on physical care. Considering on these elements that influenced the practices used inside the child day care space, as well the public policies created to this modality of education, this research intended to identify how has the children.s education at public child day care has been developed. To attend this intention, the research objectives concentrated on verify the conceptions about Children.s Education and about infancy between: principals, teacher.s and Children.s Education auxiliaries that work with children from zero to three years old; investigate the practices that composes the daily routine of children.s education developed by children between zero to three years, verifying how it is organized in time and space; investigate if and how the attendance in children.s education at Marília is organized according to Official Public Policies of Children.s Education; discuss the importance of these investigations from teacher.s formation. The research were developed with two public child day care at Marília, SP, Brazil and the methodology used consisted on a qualitative approach, in a ethnographic modality (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994). The search reveals that the daily routine in both institutions researched emphasizes the physical care instead of the education, it means, the aspects concerning hygiene and alimentation receive more attention then the elements that are related effectively with the education.

Submitted by Andressa Bernardo da Silva (dree.bernardo@gmail.com) on 2018-07-23T00:14:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Bernardo da Silva, Andressa. DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2549223 bytes, checksum: aa5fb31e03b681ca3ea3f670c9ae4c1a (MD5) Produto LER CRIAR BRINCAR. Bernardo da Silva, Andressa..pdf: 3825291 bytes, checksum: 52f35f33fff8721425d60cff9328f9b6 (MD5) / Rejected by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 1) Verificar orientações para o autoarquivamento. Para enviar o arquivo contendo sua dissertação ou tese é necessário que: - O trabalho esteja reunido em um único arquivo. O Produto deve ser anexado no final da dissertação. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-07-23T12:46:01Z (GMT) / Submitted by Andressa Bernardo da Silva (dree.bernardo@gmail.com) on 2018-07-23T13:18:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardo da Silva. Dissertação 2018.pdf: 5452415 bytes, checksum: 52fde0c520a94bf72c88206f3e0a8def (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-07-23T19:24:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ab_me_bauru.pdf: 5452415 bytes, checksum: 52fde0c520a94bf72c88206f3e0a8def (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T19:24:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ab_me_bauru.pdf: 5452415 bytes, checksum: 52fde0c520a94bf72c88206f3e0a8def (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / As práticas educativas em creche, por condicionamentos históricos e sociais, trazem, predominantemente, os traços do assistencialismo e do cuidar materno. Essas características tiram o foco sobre a necessidade de formação dos educadores, não atendem às exigências do cuidar e educar na Educação Infantil – EI, consequentemente, não possibilitam que tais práticas sejam planejadas, realizadas, avaliadas e voltadas ao pleno desenvolvimento biopsicossocial das crianças. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa parte do seguinte questionamento: Quais as características dos objetos lúdicos que permitem a elaboração de indicadores que orientem seus usos nas práticas de multiletramento nas creches? Para tanto, procurou-se criar indicadores de seleção, usos, registro e avaliação de objetos para os processos de multiletramento social em creche, por meio das múltiplas linguagens da arte e do brincar, a fim de orientar os educadores nas práticas educativas. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, por meio de um estudo bibliográfico realizado nas bases de dados indexadas, verificou as produções científicas na área e correlatas ao tema do estudo, no período de 1990 a 2017; o estudo documental foi realizado na legislação e nas orientações nacionais que regem a EI. Buscando fazer a interlocução entre Educação, Arte e Linguagem, o levantamento mostrou a necessidade de estudos científicos que abarquem a primeiríssima infância. Os resultados orientaram quanto aos processos de letramento e usos dos objetos lúdicos, focando nos materiais para a primeiríssima infância e propiciaram escopo para a elaboração do livro “Ler, Criar e Brincar: objetos lúdicos no multiletramento em creche”. / The educational practices in day care center, due to historical and social conditioning, predominantly bring traits of assistance and maternal care. These characteristics take focus on the need for training of educators, do not meet the demands of caring for and educate in Early Childhood Education, consequently, do not allow such practices to be planned, carried out, evaluated and aimed at the full biopsychosocial development of children. Thus, this research is based on the following question: What are the characteristics of play objects that allow the elaboration of indicators that guide their uses in the practice of multiletramento in day care centers? Therefore, we tried to create indicators of selection, use, registration and evaluation of objects for the processes of social multilearning in day care, through the multiple languages of art and play, in order to guide educators in educational practices. The qualitative research, through a bibliographic study carried out in the indexed databases, verified the scientific productions in the area and related to the theme of the study, from 1990 to 2017; the documentary study was carried out in the legislation and in the national guidelines governing the IE. Seeking to make the interlocution between Education, Art and Language, the survey showed the need for scientific studies that cover the very first childhood. The results guided the processes of literacy and use of play objects, focusing on materials for early childhood and provided scope for the elaboration of the book "Read, Create and Play: playful objects in multiletrament in day care center".

This thesis examines socialization in the homes and crèches of a rural area in a time of change. Change which is controlled and initiated from outside the local context, creates a dilemma for socialization agents when it introduces a knowledge paradigm different from that operating locally. Rural South African communities frequently experience exogenous change. The introduction of rural preschools, locally known as crèches, provides one example of such change challenging local socialization agents. While rural residents may not operate within knowledge paradigms to deal effectively with such change, they are not necessarily defeated by it. They "grapple" with the uncertainty, developing ways of coping and containing the change. This forms the focus of this thesis. Vygotsky's concept of mediation and conceptualization of the individual/society relationship, informs the examination of "grappling" with change. Two central questions are addressed: In an unfamiliar situation, what is mediated and what resources are drawn on? The research was designed around the recognition of the process nature of research, the constructivism inherent in research and the significance of the social context. Two central mediators, the mother and the crèche teacher, and the broader social context of the home and the creche, were examined. Three levels of investigation were utilised. An analysis of mediation in dyads working on an unfamiliar task provided insight into the social/psychological dynamics. Interviews with residents highlighted socialization beliefs and practices and the social context. Analysis of verses and stories taught to children revealed the inherent ideology of socialization. The main findings of this study are that: Rural residents "grapple" with social change by drawing on their own resources; in "grappling" with the unfamiliar what is mediated is an adult/child interactional status based on the inherent ideology of socialization and the dominant resource drawn on is the "culture of orality". It is argued that in the situation of neither mastery nor defeat, rural residents have used intermediary strategies of coping and containing the effect of the preschool as an agent of exogenous, social change. Recommendations are made for integrating "socialized" and "learned" knowledge from the home and the crèche.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta pesquisa que se insere na linha Infância, Juventude e Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/RJ buscou analisar como as coordenadoras/diretoras das 23 creches públicas de Juiz de Fora/MG compreendem o recente processo de transição da gestão das creches vinculadas à assistência social através da Associação Municipal de Apoio Comunitário (Amac) para a Secretaria de Educação, quando confrontadas com as perspectivas anunciadas na política oficial. Alguns objetivos específicos orientaram este estudo: (1) analisar a política oficial de inserção das creches ao sistema de ensino no município em questão; (2) Compreender como as coordenadoras/diretoras de creches percebem e vivenciam a implementação das políticas de inserção das creches ao sistema de ensino; (3) Identificar os principais embates e desafios que surgiram no contexto da prática após a implementação da transição e como as coordenadoras/diretoras lidam com eles. Como referencial para análise da política em foco, adotou-se a abordagem do ciclo de políticas (policy cycle approach) formulada por Stephen Ball e seus colaboradores. Segundo essa matriz as políticas educacionais são tratadas como textos, discursos e práticas produzidos em três contextos articulados entre si: o contexto de influência, o contexto da produção de texto e o contexto da prática. O contexto de influência foi acessado a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas. O contexto da produção de texto ganhou visibilidade pela via da análise documental. Os dados do contexto da prática, foco principal desta pesquisa, foram produzidos em três sessões reflexivas realizadas entre 2008 e 2013 com as coordenadoras/diretoras das 23 creches públicas de Juiz de Fora/MG. As análises apontaram que o processo de transição das creches tem sido produzido em meio a discursos e textos sujeitos a influências e inter-relações com as políticas locais, nacionais e globais. Mostrou também que a ausência de representantes do contexto da prática na elaboração inicial da política gerou apreensão e insegurança nos profissionais das creches. A produção da política foi marcada por conflitos entre as coordenadoras/diretoras e a Secretaria de Educação, e dificuldades advindas do modelo fragmentado de gestão da rede de creches em duas instâncias (Amac e Secretaria de Educação). A redução desses conflitos demandou negociações e adaptações de ambos os lados. A formação continuada no contexto das creches emergiu como uma contribuição para o avanço das práticas educativas. No entanto, a necessidade do poder público rever a carreira e as condições de trabalho dos profissionais dessas instituições foi ressaltada como uma questão fundamental para a construção de um atendimento com qualidade / The objective of this study, which is included in the Childhood, Adolescence and Education segment of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro/RJ, is to analyze how coordinators/principals at 23 public day care centers in the city of Juiz de Fora, state of MG, understand the recent transition process in the management of day care centers linked to social assistance through the Municipal Association of Community Support (Amac) for the Department of Education, when faced with the prospects announced in the official policy. Some specific objectives guided this study as follows: (1) Reviewing the official policy for inclusion of daycare centers in the city education system; (2) Understanding how day care center coordinators/principals perceive and experience the implementation of policies to include daycare in the educational system; (3) Identifying key struggles and challenges that have arisen in the context of practice after implementing the transition and how coordinators/principals cope with them. As a reference in analyzing this policy, we adopted the policy cycle approach as formulated by Stephen Ball and colleagues. According to this approach, educational policies are treated as texts, discourses and practices which are produced in three contexts that are integrated with each other: the context of influence; the text production context; and the context of practice. The context of influence was accessed from literature investigation. The text production context gained visibility by means of document analysis. Data for the context of practice the main focus of this research were produced in three reflective sessions held between 2008 and 2013 with coordinators/principals at 23 public day care centers in Juiz de Fora/MG. Analyses showed that the day care center transition process has been taking place amid discourses and texts that are subject to influences and interrelations with local, national and global policies. It also showed that the absence of practical context representatives in the initial drafting of the policy generated apprehension and insecurity for day care center professionals. The drafting of the policy was marked by conflicts between coordinators/principals and the Department of Education, as well as difficulties arising from the fragmented model of managing the day care network in two instances (Amac and Department of Education). Mitigating these conflicts demanded negotiations and adjustments on both sides. Continued education in the context of day care has emerged as a contribution to the advancement of educational practice. However, the need for the government to review the career and working conditions for professionals in these institutions was emphasized as a key issue to build a quality service

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar e desenhar o perfil dos professores de Educação Infantil do município do Rio de Janeiro, que trabalham em turmas de creche e são oriundos do primeiro concurso realizado para o cargo. Para tanto, as políticas públicas nacionais e regionais foram analisadas à luz do referencial do Ciclo de Políticas, de Ball e Bowe (1992 - 1994). Foram observados os diferentes contextos que culminaram com a criação do cargo de Professor de Educação Infantil (2010) na busca de elementos que ajudam a conhecer o quadro funcional dos profissionais que atuam na Educação Infantil, mais especificamente nas creches cariocas. Apresentamos um breve levantamento dos dados sobre a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em especial, o lugar que ocupa a Educação Infantil no sistema de ensino carioca. A pesquisa adota uma metodologia qualitativa-quantitativa (quali-quanti). Foi utilizado um questionário digital (plataforma Google Docs) com questões referentes aos aspectos funcionais e formativos do professor. O questionário foi enviado digitalmente às creches para que fosse disponibilizado aos professores de educação infantil nelas lotados. Foram realizados dois grupos focais com professores que responderam ao instrumento digital e aceitaram o convite para participação na modalidade presencial da pesquisa. As questões apresentadas nos Grupos Focais buscaram qualificar os dados produzidos no questionário. As análises qualitativas apoiaram-se na perspectiva teórica de Lev Vigotski e entendem os sujeitos sócio-históricos, imersos em contextos específicos de desenvolvimento e em processo contínuo de transformação. A análise quantitativa apresentou dados relativos à idade, sexo, grupamentos de atuação e experiência profissional. A qualitativa ampliou a discussão sobre a formação inicial e continuada dos PEI e o processo de construção da identidade profissional por eles vivido, dando destaque às situações de conflitos existentes nos ambientes de trabalho (creche e EDI). O perfil produzido revela que o cargo é ocupado por professoras, com idade média de 37 anos, graduadas e que atuam prioritariamente em turmas de maternal. O acesso aos dados produzidos por esta pesquisa pode auxiliar a formulação de políticas públicas que busquem o desenvolvimento das crianças cariocas matriculadas nas creches, a partir do investimento em profissionais especificamente formados para lidar com os desafios do trabalho com as crianças pequenas / This research aims to investigate and draw the profile of the early childhood educators in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, working in public day care centres, in particular those nominated from the first public recruitment exam held for this position. For this purpose, national and regional policies were analysed in light of the Policy Cycle approach by Ball and Bowe (1992-1994). Different contexts that led to the creation of the position of Early Childhood Educator (2010) were observed in search of elements to help understand the workforce of professionals in Early Childhood Education, more specifically in Rio public day care centres. We present a brief survey of data about Rio de Janeiro city, in particular, the place of Early Childhood in the Rio Education System. The research adopts a qualitative- quantitative methodology (quali- quanti). A digital questionnaire was used (Google Docs platform) with questions regarding functional aspects and the training of the educator. The questionnaire was sent digitally to the day care centres where the educators could access it. There were two focus groups with educators who responded to the digital questionnaire and accepted the invitation to participate in the research in-person. The questions in the focus groups sought to qualify the data generated by the questionnaire. Qualitative analyses are based on the theoretical perspective of Lev Vygotsky and encompasses the socio-historical subjects, immersed in specific contexts of development and continuous process of transformation. The quantitative analysis presented data on age, gender, work clusters and professional experience. The qualitative analysis expanded the discussion to initial and continuous training of the Early Childhood Educator and the construction of its professional identity, giving prominence to conflict situations existing in the workplace. The profile output reveals that the position is occupied by teachers, with an average age of 37, graduated and working mainly in classes with children aged 18 months to 3 and a half i.e. the older ones of Early Childhood. Access to the data produced by this research can help formulate public policies that seek the development of children enrolled in public day care centres in Rio de Janeiro, through investing in professionals specifically trained to deal with the challenges of working with small children