Thesis(MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditionally, schools for Deaf learners taught the language arts within a behaviouristic model with the result that language was broken down into parts and sub-skills and presented in a de-contextualised way. This approach to teaching was sequentially building from the simplest to the most complex form. In contrast to this, the Whole Language approach focuses on a holistic and integrated approach where all language forms are contextualised. Deaf learners need to acquire language as well as develop language before actively engaging in oracy and literacy. With the acceptance of Sign Language as part of the Total Communication philosophy, the medium of instruction is English/Afrikaans/Xhosa in the printed and written form. This necessitates a move towards an approach in which the teaching and learning of language is meaningful, as well as functional such as the Whole Language approach which includes aspects of constructivist theory, appropriate beliefs and effective practice. This research focused on the factors influencing teachers' acceptance and problems experienced as well as the literacy development of the Deaf learner during implementation and facilitation of the Whole language approach. The qualitative design accommodated the exploratory contextual nature of this type of research. The research methodology was a qualitative case study, consisting of three experienced teachers of the Deaf and twenty Deaf learners with varying degrees of hearing losses and mixed language abilities. The methods used during data collection were interviews, journal entries, workshops, and observations. Data analysis was done by using the procedure of open coding where manageable units of data were coded into categories and themes. These themes and categories were interpreted and correlated with the literature. The researcher facilitated the implementation of the Whole Language approach by providing the resource material, building trusting relationships and continuously consulting with the teachers involved in the study. The findings of the study shows that learners abilities such as confidence, risk taking, interest, power sharing, trust, motivation and active learning contributed to learners engaging in the language system - oracy and literacy whilst it extended and enriched the teachers' practices and teaching strategies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tradisioneel het skole vir Dowe leerders taal binne 'n behaviouristiese raamwerk onderrig wat tot gevolg gehad het dat taal in kleiner eenhede en subvaardighede, sonder 'n bekende konteks, aangebied is. Hierdie benadering is stapsgewys aangebied vanaf die eenvoudigste tot die mees ingewikkelde vorm. Hierteenoor staan die Geheeltaalbenadering waar klem geplaas word op 'n holistiese, geïntegreerde benadering waar alle taalfasette gekontekstualiseer word. Die verwerwing en ontwikkeling van taal is 'n voorvereiste vir die Dowe leerder se kommunikasie ("oracy") - en geletterdheidsvaardighede (lees en skryf). Met die aanvaarding van Gebaretaal as deel van die Totale kommunikasie filosofie, word Engels/Afrikaans/Xhosa die onderrigmedium ten opsigte van lees en skryf. Gevolglik is dit noodsaaklik om 'n benadering te volg waar klem gelê word op betekenis om sodoende aan die taalbehoeftes van die Dowe leerder te voldoen. Die Geheeltaalbenadering voldoen aan hierdie vereistes ten opsigte van die teoretiese begronding, die konstruktivistiese filosofie, toepaslike geloofsisteme asook die effektiewe praktyk. Hierdie navorsing is toegespits op die geletterdheidsontwikkeling van die Dowe leerder en die faktore wat die onderwysers se aanvaarding tydens implementering en fasilitering van die Geheeltaalbenadering 'n rol gespeel het. Die kwalitatiewe aard van die navorsingsontwerp het In verkennende en kontekstueel-beskrywende vorm aangeneem. Die navorsingsmetodologie het gebruik gemaak van 'n enkel gevallestudie waaraan drie ervare onderwysers en twintig Dowe leerders deelgeneem het en verskillende grade van gehoorverlies en taalvaardigheidsvlakke openbaarhet. Die metode van data-insameling wat gebruik is, is onderhoude, joernaalinskrywings, werkswinkels en observasie. Die data-ontleding was gedoen deur gebruik te maak van 'n cop koderingsprosedure, waar hanteerbare data-eenhede gekodeer is in temas en kategorieë. Laasgenoemde is met behulp van literatuur geïnterpreteer en gekorreleer. Die navorser het die Geheeltaalbenadering geïmplementeer en gefasiliteer, deur hulpmiddels te voorsien, sowel as om betroubare verhoudings en effektiewe samewerking tussen kollegas te bewerkstellig. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie het gedui dat leerders se vaardighede soos motivering, bereidheid om te waag, belangstelling, wedywering en vertroue 'n bydrae gelewer het tot h/sy inskakeling as aktiewe leerder ten opsigte van die taalsisteem (kommunikasie en geletterdheid) terwyl die onderwysers se onderwyspraktyk en onderrigstrategieë uitgebrei en verryk is.

This study examined the interrelationships among English language structures (phonological knowledge, morphological knowledge, silent word reading fluency) and reading comprehension in a group of 45 deaf and hard of hearing students in grades 3 to 8, taking into account their demographic characteristics. Simple Pearson correlations, multiple regression analyses, and an independent samples t test were used in this study. Results indicated that morphological knowledge was the significant variable positively associated with reading comprehension over and beyond the other predictors (phonological knowledge and silent word reading fluency) and the demographic covariates (home language, age, and gender).

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_camilla_porto.pdf: 1954640 bytes, checksum: f102d895f1bed50d45623185f0882786 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-30 / This study addressed the speech therapy that is proposed for the acquisition of language in deaf children. The relevance of this study relates to the fact that in recent years criticisms being leveled against the participation of professional service and that there are few publications that depict the theoretical concepts and philosophies of education / rehabilitation used in speech therapy with these individuals . We know that depending on the choice theory that underlies the intervention, this service may or may not contribute to further development of the therapy. Once the purpose of this study was to analyze the theoretical concepts that are being employed in work with deaf speech, articulating with the philosophy of rehabilitation. For this we observe the consistency between theory and clinical practice, based on two case studies of children with bilateral deafness. Used as an instrument of data collection a semi-structured and as study material discursives therapies tape-K7. The interpretation of the data was based - in a thematic analysis. We see through the results of this research that the work of therapists, is based on current behavioral, which can be evidenced through the activities of repetition. The interactionist perspective marked in the interview of both therapists was not observed in clinical practice. The professionals worked only isolated concepts. They reported use in working with deaf the three philosophies of rehabilitation of these individuals: oral, total communication and bilingualism, but none was observed in therapy. We suggest that further investigations be carried out in order to deepen the knowledge about the theoretical concepts and philosophies of rehabilitation of the deaf in the speech clinic / O presente trabalho abordou a intervenção fonoaudiológica que é proposta para aquisição da linguagem em crianças surdas. A relevância desse estudo prende-se ao fato de que nos últimos anos críticas estão sendo tecidas à conduta desse profissional nesse atendimento e são poucas as publicações que retratam dos conceitos teóricos, bem como as filosofias de educação/reabilitação empregados na terapia fonoaudiológica com esses indivíduos. Sabemos que dependendo da escolha teórica que fundamenta a intervenção, esse atendimento poderá contribuir ou não para uma maior evolução da terapia. Logo, o propósito dessa pesquisa foi analisar os conceitos teóricos que estão sendo empregados no trabalho fonoaudiológico com surdos, articulando com as filosofias de reabilitação. Para tal, observamos a coerência entre o discurso e a prática clínica, tomando como base as respostas oferecidas por duas terapeutas que trabalham com surdos e dois estudos de caso de crianças que apresentam surdez bilateral. Utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados uma entrevista semi-estruturada e como material de estudo recortes discursivos das terapias gravadas em fita K7. A interpretação dos dados fundamentou se em uma análise temática. Constatamos através dos resultados da presente pesquisa que o trabalho das terapeutas, está baseado na corrente behaviorista, que pode ser evidenciada através das atividades de repetição. A perspectiva interacionista marcada na entrevista de ambas as terapeutas, não foi observada na prática clínica. As profissionais trabalharam apenas conceitos isolados. Elas relataram empregar no trabalho com surdos as três filosofias de reabilitação desses indivíduos: oralista, bilinguista e comunicação total, mas nenhuma delas foi observada nas terapias. Sugerimos que novas investigações sejam realizadas no intuito de aprofundar os conhecimentos a respeito dos conceitos teóricos e filosofias de reabilitação de surdos na clínica fonoaudiológica

From Introduction: Gehoor speel 'n belangrike rol in die leerproses, in aanpassing by die omgewing asook in aanpassing by sosiale omstandighede. Gehoorverlies plaas die individu in 'n situasie van vereensaming, veroorsaak deur 'n beperktheid in kommunikasievermoë. (Roux, 1979:1) Dr Roux, Direkteur van Gesondheidsdienste van die Departement van Gesondheid, Welsyn en Pensioene, het tydens die Goue Jubileum-Kongres van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Raad vir Dowes daarop gewys dat gehoorverlies vandag meer Amerikaners affekteer as hartsiektes, kanker, blindheid, tuberkulose, veneriese siektes, sklerose en niersiektes tesame. (Roux, 1979:1) In Suid-Afrika word beraam dat 0,06% van aIle babas totaal doof gebore word en dat die aantal persone met ernstige gehoorprobleme, volgens die skatting van die Departement van Gesondheid, Welsyn en Pensioene, 65 000 beloop. Hierdie getal sluit Swartes uit. (Roux, 1979:1) ... Die probleem van doofheid is kompleks en soms so ingewikkeld dat dit te betwyfel is of die horende individu die omvang daarvan begryp en insig in die situasie van die dowe kan ontwikkel. Empatie met die dowe en begrip vir sy leefwêreld is vir die horende persoon problematies. 'n Wêreld sonder klank is moeilik om te visualiseer en 'n wêreld sonder taal lê buite die begripsvermoë van die horende. Daar bestaan op velerlei gebiede verwarring ten opsigte van die dowe. Die horende persoon besef gewoonlik dat daar 'n eiesoortige wêreld van ervaring en denke vir die dowe is anders as die van die horende, maar begrip vir die omvang van die andersheid van die dowe ontbreek.

De nombreuses études longitudinales ont montré un lien causal entre habiletés phonologiques précoces et plus tard le développement de la lecture et de l’écriture chez l’enfant entendant (Bryant, MacLean, Bradley & Crossland, 1990). Pour apporter une contribution aux connaissances concernant ce lien chez les enfants sourds, nous avons réalisé une étude longitudinale qui s’échelonne de la troisième maternelle à la seconde primaire. Les performances d’enfants sourds sévères et profonds prélinguaux exposés (précocement vs tardivement) ou non au Langage Parlé Complété (« LPC », code manuel destiné à lever l’ambiguïté de la lecture labiale seule) sont comparées à celles d’enfants entendants de même âge chronologique. Diverses épreuves phonologiques, de lecture et d’écriture ont été proposées. Les résultats ont montré que les habiletés phonologiques précoces prédisaient le niveau de reconnaissance de mots écrits en première primaire chez les enfants sourds comme chez les enfants entendants. Cependant, un effet plus important de l’apprentissage de la lecture est observé sur le niveau d’habiletés phonologiques, de lecture et d’écriture lors des deux premières primaires chez les enfants sourds. De plus, les performances des enfants sourds exposés précocement au LPC ne diffèrent pas de celles des enfants entendants et sont plus élevées que celles des autres enfants sourds, en particulier en première et seconde primaire. L’exposition précoce au LPC permettrait donc le développement de représentations phonologiques précises et par conséquent l’utilisation d’un décodage phonologique efficace en lecture et en écriture au début de l’apprentissage de la lecture. / Longitudinal studies have shown a causal connection between early phonological skills and later literacy development in hearing children (Bryant, MacLean, Bradley & Crossland, 1990). The aim of our study is to investigate whether early phonological skills predict later literacy performance in deaf children either exposed (early versus late) or not exposed to Cued Speech (“CS”, a manual system delivering phonetically augmented speechreading through the visual modality). Different phonological and literacy tasks were administered from kindergarten to seconde grade. The results show that the early phonological skills in kindergarten predict written word recognition in first grade in the deaf as well as in the hearing groups. However, an effect of learning to read seems to be more important on the level of phonological and literacy skills during the first and seconde grade in deaf children. In addition, the performances of early CS users do not differ from those of hearing children and are higher than those of the other deaf children, especially in first and second grade. Early exposure to Cued Speech may permit the development of accurate phonological representations and, consequently, the use of accurate phonological decoding to recognize written words and to spell at an early stage in learning to read. / Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Literature indicates that inclusion of deaf children in mainstream schools is a complex process and that it has eluded many deaf practitioners and education systems for a very long time. New research is, however, pointing to the potential for sign bilingual education as a viable strategy for improving inclusivity of deaf children in mainstream settings. The purpose of the current study was, therefore, to interrogate how sign bilingual education was used as a strategy for inclusion of deaf children in Zimbabwe. The study was premised on Cummins Linguistic Interdependence theory and adopted the mixed methods paradigm which is informed by the philosophy of pragmatism. The sequential explanatory design was utilized and participants were selected using random sampling for the quantitative phase and purposive sampling for the qualitative phase. Questionnaires, face-to-face and focus group interviews (FGIs) were used to elicit data from participants. These data were presented on SPSS generated graphs and analysed using frequency counts, percentages and inferential statistics based on the analysis of Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient at 5% level of significance (p=0.005). Consequently, qualitative data were presented as summaries and direct quotes and analysed using thematic and content analyses. The results revealed that the conception, hence the practice of sign bilingual was limited and had challenges, but that it had the greatest potential benefits for inclusion of deaf children in mainstream schools in Zimbabwe. On these bases, the study recommended training of teachers and parents as well as staff development of the teachers and school administrators. The study also recommended adoption of best practices such as early exposure, co-teaching, co-enrolment, multi-stakeholder participation, turning special schools into resource centers for sign bilingual education and inclusion and embracing ICT. A further recommendation pointed to review of policy in line with best practices. Ultimately, the study proposed a framework for sign bilingual education as a strategy for inclusion of deaf children in mainstream schools in Zimbabwe. / Inclusive Education / Ph. D. (Inclusive Education)