Submitted by Andre Mota (yukioamota@gmail.com) on 2017-02-21T16:06:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mestrado_Andre_Mota.pdf: 1337040 bytes, checksum: 4c2829d2966277996dab6bf0098f763d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-02-21T16:24:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mestrado_Andre_Mota.pdf: 1337040 bytes, checksum: 4c2829d2966277996dab6bf0098f763d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T19:08:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mestrado_Andre_Mota.pdf: 1337040 bytes, checksum: 4c2829d2966277996dab6bf0098f763d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-27 / Using panel data of Brazilian Telecom customers, the present study seeks to understand the relationship between the client and his expenses when new payment tools are included. From a sample of 127 clients who accepted a proposal for automatic debit service registration, we identified that part of these clients would have to look for the bank to sign up for the tool, as certain banks do not grant the telephony company this competency. With this information, we estimate a model of differences in differences to assess the effect of having your account in automatic debit in several variables, such as: voice consumption, data consumption, invoiced amount, amount paid and delay. The results of the study suggest that delays are reduced, and invoice and payment amounts increase due to the automatic debit service. / Utilizando dados em painel de clientes de uma Telecom brasileira, o presente estudo busca compreender a relação do consumidor com seus gastos quando novas ferramentas de pagamento são incluídas. A partir de uma de amostra de 127 clientes que aceitaram uma proposta de cadastramento de serviço em débito automático, identificamos que uma parte destes clientes precisariam procurar o banco para a realização do cadastro, pois determinados bancos não concedem à empresa de telefonia tal alçada. Com esta informação, estimamos um modelo de diferenças em diferenças para estimar o efeito de ter sua conta em débito automático em diversas variáveis, como: consumo de voz, consumo de dados, valor faturado, valor pago e atraso. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que os atrasos são reduzidos, e os valores de fatura e pagamento aumentam devido ao serviço de débito automático.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A pesquisa se debruça sobre o inteiro teor de acórdão do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) proferido por maioria, em plenário, no julgamento dos embargos de declaração que foram interpostos na ação penal 516/DF (AP 516 ED/DF). Faz-se o seguinte questionamento: quais os argumentos dos Ministros do STF sobre a existência ou não de marco temporal para que o pagamento integral do débito tributário possa vir a extinguir a punibilidade dos crimes fiscais? Por meio da metodologia de estudo de caso do acórdão em questão, AP 516 ED/DF, bem como da análise de conteúdo especificamente sobre a extinção da punibilidade pelo pagamento integral do débito tributário, busca-se identificar as contribuições do caso em tela para compreensão da necessidade ou não de existência do Direito Penal Tributário. Como resultados obtidos, identifica-se que há um argumento que prevalece nos votos dos Ministros do STF, qual seja, a existência de uma política criminal vinculada a instrumentos de arrecadação fiscal. Esse argumento motiva a aplicação do mecanismo despenalizador da extinção da punibilidade dos crimes fiscais pelo pagamento do débito a qualquer tempo, como entende atualmente o STF, e isso significa a instrumentalização do Direito Penal como meio de coerção para cobrança de dívidas tributárias, o que torna questionável a própria criminalização das relações jurídico tributárias. / This research addresses the final decision delivered by the majority of the judges of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (STF) in criminal action AP 516 ED/DF. The research question is: what were the judges arguments on the existence or not of a time frame for the full payment of tax debt in order to extinguish criminal liability of tax crimes? AP 516 ED/DF was analyzed following case study method. By examining the arguments on the extinction of criminal liability by the full payment of the tax debt, the research seeks to identify the contributions of this case in order to understand the need or not for the existence of criminal tax law. The results indicate a prevailing argument in the judges votes, which is the existence of a criminal policy linked to tax collection instruments. This argument drives the application of this de-penalization mechanism to extinguish tax crime liability through the payment of the debt at any time, as it is currently the opinion of the Supreme Court. This represents the instrumentalization of criminal law as a means of coercion to collect tax, and makes questionable the criminalization of tax offenses.

O choque hipovolêmico foi induzido em 14 ratos machos através de sucessivos sangramentos de 3,1 ml de sangue para cada 100 g de peso. Após o período de sangrias, foi iniciado o tratamento com solução salina isotônica (7,5 % NaCl por 0,4 ml/g de peso) ou hipertônica (0,9 % NaCl por 0,4 ml/g de peso). Iniciando com o sinal basal, a aquisição de dados da pressão arterial foi feita durante todo o experimento que durou aproximadamente 30 minutos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a variabilidade do débito cardíaco durante a indução do choque e identificar se o mecanismo de compensação de perda de volume está funcionando. A análise está focada no débito cardíaco porque ele depende linearmente do volume sistólico e da freqüência cardíaca. Um método não invasivo foi implementado para calcular o volume sistólico diretamente do sinal da pressão arterial. A análise wavelet foi usada para encontrar as freqüências principais do sinal da pressão arterial e também suas variabilidades durante cada estágio. Durante o experimento, a estabilidade do débito cardíaco era esperada, pois a freqüência cardíaca deve aumentar para compensar a perda de volume. Na maioria dos casos foi observado que a freqüência aumenta nos dois primeiros estágios, seguida de uma queda significativa. Como conseqüência o débito cardíaco diminuiu durante os estágios intermediários, mostrando que o mecanismo de compensação não estava funcionando apropriadamente. Em três casos, as freqüências aumentaram somente no estágio final. Esta anomalia sugere uma investigação mais profunda incluindo resposta ao tratamento e acompanhamento da evolução do choque / Hypovolemic shock was induced in fourteen male rats by successive bleeding. During 30 minutes, after base signal acquisition, 3.1ml of blood for each 100g of weight was collected. After this period, a treatment was initiated with isotonic saline solution (7.5 % NaCl each 0.4 ml/g of weight) or hypertonic (0.9 % NaCl each 0.4 ml/g of weight). The arterial pressure signal was captured during all the experiment. The goal of this work is to analise the variability of the cardiac debit during the induction of shock and identify whether the physiological mechanism to compensate the loss of volume is working. The analysis is focused on the cardiac debit because it depends linearly on systolic volume and cardiac frequency. A non-invasive method was implemented to calculate the systolic volume directly from the arterial pressure signal. Wavelet analysis was used to find the main frequencies and also their variability during each stage. The cardiac debit stability was expected, during experiment because the cardiac frequency must increase to compensate the lost of volume. In most cases was observed that the frequency increases in the first two stages followed by a significant decrease. As a consequence the cardiac debit decreases during the intermediate stages, showing that the compensation mechanism was not working properly. In three cases the frequencies increased only in the final stage. This anomalie suggests a deeper investigation including response to treatment and shock evolution

Os bancos emprestam recursos às pessoas, às empresas e aos governos, através da compra de títulos e valores mobiliários ou através da realização de operações de crédito. O governo federal, na figura da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, é um dos clientes dos bancos. A partir de um estudo descritivo, de observação de dois fenômenos - evolução da dívida pública e estratégia de gestão bancária - que ocorreram no Brasil em período recente, este trabalho procura identificar se as estratégias de alocação de ativos dos bancos em títulos e em operações de crédito foram influenciadas pela evolução do volume da dívida pública brasileira, no período compreendido entre 1995 e 2006. São apresentados as formas de financiamento, os aspectos de gestão, os instrumentos (títulos) e os agentes investidores em títulos da dívida pública interna emitidos pelo Tesouro Nacional. Para analisar as estratégias de gestão bancária, utilizou-se o universo de bancos comerciais e de bancos múltiplos de carteira comercial e foram consideradas as variáveis participação da carteira de títulos e valores mobiliários e participação das operações de crédito e arrendamento mercantil sobre o total de ativos dos bancos, que foram segmentados de acordo com a origem do capital em públicos e privados. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que existem diferenças entre as estratégias de alocação de ativos - títulos ou crédito - e a concentração em títulos - públicos ou privados - adotadas pelos bancos em função da origem do capital. / Banks loan resources to the people, to the companies and to the governments, through the purchase of securities or through the loans & leases. The federal government is one of the customers of the banks. From a descriptive study, with a observation of two phenomena - evolution of the public debt and strategy of banking management - that they had occurred in Brazil in recent period, this work looks for to identify if the strategies of asset allocation of the banks in securities and loans and leases had been influenced by the evolution of the volume of the Brazilian public debt, in the period understood between 1995 and 2006. The financing forms, the management aspects, the instruments (securities) and the investment agents in headings of the internal public debt emitted by the National Treasure are presented. To analyze the strategies of banking management, the universe of commercial banks was used and had been considered the participation of the securities portfolio and the participation of the loans & leases on the total assets of the banks, that they had been segmented in accordance with the origin of the capital in private and public. The joined results had shown that exist differences between the strategies of asset allocation - securities or loans & leases - and the concentration in securities - public or private - adopted by the banks in function of the origin of the capital.

This paper aims to close a gap in the literature on the cost of payment systems by analyzing the cost of cash and debit cards in Austria. No prior analysis exists, as far as the authors are aware. Using novel data from several sources, the unit costs for cash and debit card payments in 2013 are estimated to be Euro 0.40 and & Euro 0.39, respectively, which are close to the most cost-efficient countries in Europe (the Netherlands and Scandinavian countries). Although Austrian consumers have a much stronger preference for cash than consumers in these countries, the Austrian payment industry appears to have developed relatively cost-efficient institutional structures by relying upon centralization and international outsourcing. However, cost efficiency could be further increased by increasing the share of debit card payments or other cost-efficient digital payment methods.

The goal of this work is to define and analyze european integration within the payment system of the European Union, with the main focus on project SEPA and its payment instruments. In first part it covers the legislative phase, the general characteristics, goals and advantages of the project, institutions responsible for the implementation and coordintation of the project, EU clearing system and standardization of SEPA payment instruments. Analytical part of thesis focus on description and analysis of economical effects of project and individual SEPA payment instruments and their implementation into national payment system of the EU member states. The last part deal with the issue of implementation of SEPA project in Slovakia.

Magister Commercii - MCom / This study investigates the financial, marketing as well as technological feasibility of turning the current University of Western Cape (UWC) Student ID Card into a more featured debit card called the "Hoop Kaarf'. This debit card will offer the functionality of access to secure UWC areas, the purchase and use of photocopying credits, the purchase of printing credits, taking out library books; and identification, as the old student card does. It will also have the added functionality of replacing cash when paying for vending machines, cafés, takeaways, shops, supermarkets and withdrawing money from ATMs, at UWC, within South Africa and outside the country.

Usage of financial measurements that address the default probability of counterparties have been market practice for some time. Quantifying counterparty credit risk is usually done through the credit value adjustment which adjusts the value from a risk-free value to a risky value. When quantifying the credit value adjustment there is an important assumption that the financial exposure (value) and probability of counterparty default are independent variables. Wrong-way risk implies a relationship where exposure and probability of default are increasing together. It is an unfavourable relationship since as a party stands to gain more the probability of the counterparty not being able to pay also increase. When removing the independency assumption, the quantification of the credit value adjustment becomes more complex and there are several different methodologies with the aim to quantify CVA without the independency assumption. This paper analyses different methods of quantification and discusses different potential mitigators of wrong-way risk. But also, a case study searching for potential wrong-way exposures at a Swedish investment bank. The case study considers whether the exposures could potentially be influenced by wrong-way risk through stress tests on different value adjustments. The stress tests change the value adjustment and in turn imply wrong-way movements. At an investment bank that work towards minimizing risk it would be surprising to find large wrong-way risk exposures. But there are some interesting observations which could be deemed as wrong-way movements and would be interesting for the bank to investigate. Overall for the bank, wrong-way risk exposure cannot be claimed as significant. Conclusions involve modelling approach I deem the most useful in a perspective of calibration methodology, computer efficiency and deviation. Also, some suggestion of further development of this paper. / Under en tid har användning av finansiella mått som inkluderar motpartskreditrisk varit marknadsstandard. Kreditvärdesjustering används för att kvantifiera motpartskreditrisk och justerar värdet från ett riskfritt till ett värde som inkluderar motpartskreditrisk. När man justerar värdet används ett viktigt antagande som säger att den finansiella exponeringen (värdet) samt sannolikheten att motparten inte uppfyller sina förpliktelser är oberoende variabler. Felvägsrisk implicerar ett förhållande där exponeringen och sannolikheten att motparten inte kan uppfylla sina förpliktelser ökar tillsammans. Det är ett ofördelaktigt förhållande eftersom när en part kan tjäna mer ökar sannolikheten att motparten inte kan betala. När oberoende-antagandet tas bort blir kvantifieringen mer komplex, men det finns flera olika metoder som kvantifierar kreditvärdesjusteringen utan oberoende-antagandet. Denna uppsats analyserar olika kvantifieringsmetoder och diskuterar olika metoder för att minimera felvägsrisk. Uppsatsen innehåller även en fältstudie med syfte att hitta felvägsrisk bland exponeringarna hos en svensk investeringsbank. Fältstudien överväger huruvida exponeringarna eventuellt kan vara influerade av felvägsrisk genom att stressa olika mått för värdejustering. Stresstesterna påverkar värdejusteringen som i sin tur kan implicera felvägsrisk. Hos en svensk investeringsbank vars arbete involverar att minimera risk hade det varit förvånande att hitta stora exponeringar med felvägsrisk. Men det finns vissa observationer som tycks påvisa ofördelaktiga förhållanden som tyder på felvägsrisk. Dessa observationer skulle vara intressant för banken att se över utifrån den potentiella felvägsrisken. Överlag för banken kan jag inte påstå att exponeringen av felvägsrisk är signifikant. Slutsatserna involverar vilken modelleringsmetod som jag anser är mest användbar utifrån kalibrering, dataeffektivitet och potentiell avvikelse. Samt några förslag på vidare utveckling av denna rapport.

Aujourd'hui la recherche en biologie dispose d'une masse d'informations génomiques considérable qu'il faut comprendre fonctionnellement pour faire émerger de nouveaux concepts, qui formeront le berceau de nouvelles thérapies. Ces études mettent en jeu des mécanismes contrôlés à l'échelle moléculaire et nécessitent le traitement d'informations à haut-débit et de manière parallèle. Les travaux pluridisciplinaires présentés ont permis de mettre au point une technologie miniaturisée de culture de cellules en gouttes matricées sur supports solides, pour tester l'action des molécules sur le comportement de cellules.<br />Après avoir mis au point un démonstrateur macroscopique validé par des transfections de molécules nucléiques, nous avons développé un protocole de fabrication de substrats miniaturisés capable de maintenir 100 nano-gouttes par cm² à l'aide d'un différentiel de tension de surface. Un robot de dispense de pico-gouttes a été intégré pour réaliser les gouttes de culture cellulaire de manière automatique. Le comportement des cellules au sein des gouttes est évalué par microscopie en fluorescence à haut-contenu après fixation. Chaque cellule de chaque goutte est caractérisée par des dizaines de paramètres de manière individuelle.<br />Cette nouvelle approche analytique a été appliquée dans le cadre d'un projet multipartenaire de criblage de siRNA visant à étudier l'impact de gènes sur la chimiorésistance de glioblastomes. Par ailleurs nous avons montré l'utilisation de la spectrométrie de masse comme méthode de phénotypage multiparamétrique. Cette technologie de puce à cellules est particulièrement adaptée à l'étude à haut-débit des comportements fins de cultures cellulaires.

Ce mémoire traite de l'estimation de la fréquence d'occurrence des crues éclair, dans des petits cours d'eau de la région méditerranéenne. Pour préciser l'étude statistique de ces événements, relativement rares, l'idée développée a été de reconstituer des historiques de crues sur une période pouvant aller jusqu'à deux siècles. Quatre petits cours d'eau affluents de l'Aude, dont la surface n'excède pas 200 km2, ont été étudiés. Une méthodologie de recherche d'informations historiques, déjà appliquée avec succès à des cours d'eau français plus importants, a été reprise. Elle a permis de mettre en évidence les fonds d'archives dignes d'intérêt dans le cas de l'étude des cours d'eau de petite taille. Ces fonds sont essentiellement locaux (archives départementales, et archives des services de l'état chargés de l'hydrométrie et de l'annonce des crues). Les fonds à caractère national (Archives Nationales, fonds M.Pardé, fonds historique de l'ENPC), en revanche, présentent un intérêt secondaire, et l'exploitation des archives de la presse s'est également avérée décevante. Les documents d'archives finalement valorisés proviennent pour l'essentiel des Services des Ponts et Chaussées, et des Services Vicinaux (séries S et O aux Archives Départementales). Ces documents s'avèrent suffisamment riches, dans les quatre cas étudiés, pour reconstituer des historiques de crues d'une durée d'un à deux siècles. Il est également possible d'évaluer le seuil de perception associé à ces séries, ainsi que le débit de pointe des principales crues. Les estimations de débit réalisées restent toutefois incertaines et ont pour cette raison été représentées sous forme d'intervalles de débits possibles. L'exploitation statistique de ces séries met tout d'abord en évidence l'hétérogénéité des débits de crues parmi les cours d'eau étudiés. L'intérêt des données historiques est ensuite clairement mis en évidence, à la fois pour effectuer le choix de distributions statistiques aptes à représenter les séries observées, puis pour préciser le calage de ces distributions. Il apparaît surtout que les risques d'erreurs sont extrêmement importants, lorsque ces méthodes consistant à ajuster des distributions statistiques aux séries observées, sont appliquées à partir des séries systématiques de courte durée. Les informations historiques permettent de fiabiliser ces méthodes, même lorsque les informations valorisées sont très incomplètes (par exemple limitées au décompte des dépassements d'un seuil ou à une crue historique unique). Par comparaison, la méthode du Gradex apparaît beaucoup plus robuste lorsque seules les données systématiques sont disponibles. Elle donne des résultats très cohérents avec les données historiques, et reproduit notamment très bien, à condition d'évaluer correctement le facteur de forme, la variabilité des débits parmi les bassins étudiés. Mais cette variabilité des débits devra tout de même être mieux expliquée, avant d'espérer extrapoler les résultats obtenus à des bassins non jaugés notamment.