Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Spanish and Portuguese, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-122).

The Victorians saw more portraits than any generation before them. While the eighteenth century has been named 'the age of portraiture', portraits pervaded nineteenth-century society like never before. With the invention of photography, coupled with technological advancements in low-cost printing methods, the medium in which faces could be recorded was revolutionised, the classes of society that could afford to be immortalised expanded, and the spaces in which portraits were seen proliferated. These spaces included the public gallery, photography studio shop windows, and personal photograph albums. They also included the art periodical, biography, fiction, and poetry as the experience of portraiture became distinctly textual as well as visual. This thesis draws upon art history alongside literary, museum, and material studies to explore the creative exchange that developed between portrait viewership and reading practices in the mid- to late nineteenth century. Taking the establishment of the National Portrait Gallery in 1856 as its starting point, the thesis tracks the changing idea of the portrait gallery through its literary reception. It takes the portrait gallery to mean the physical space in which portraits were exhibited, and the conceptual idea of collecting, arranging, and interacting with portraits that permeated into the literary world. By focussing on the work of Edmund Gosse, Walter Pater, Thomas Hardy, and Vernon Lee, the thesis forms a 'gallery' of nineteenth-century tastemakers, each of whom looked to the democratic art of portraiture to reflect upon their literary art. How did portraits and texts interact in the mid- to late nineteenth century? In what ways did writers adapt the conventions of portraiture and the portrait gallery for the written text? This thesis seeks to answer these questions and provide new narratives about the complex relationship between the visual and the verbal in nineteenth-century culture. It observes the Victorian 'culture of art' with a more focussed eye to illuminate how the conditions of viewing, circulating, and collecting portraits specific to the period allowed the portrait gallery to serve as a particularly compelling arena for the literary imagination. Gosse, Pater, Hardy, and Lee tested the inherent limitations of portraiture as an art of imitation to realise its imaginative capacity for communicating with close and distant, contemporary and historic figures. They recognised that writing offered a valuable way of constructing the affective conversations that could be had with - and the stories that could be told about - portraits and portrait collections. With the proliferation of portraits came the problem and the opportunity of organising them.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:02:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 maia_cs_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1124492 bytes, checksum: ffd4f0e66c72d6eaa00d368cb317a596 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese, com base nos pensamentos de Franz Fanon, Homi Bhabha e Albert Memmi, faz uma leitura pós-colonial da obra do escritor brasileiro Gastão Cruls (1888-1959), examinando-a pelo viés de sua crítica à colonização e à neocolonização do Brasil e situando seu autor ao lado de Euclides da Cunha de Os sertões, como um dos mais importantes - se não o mais importante entre os de sua época - reveladores da realidade nacional, principalmente do Nordeste e do Norte do Brasil. Paralelamente, esta tese realiza uma leitura decadentista de alguns contos crulsianos e os examina em paralelo à obra de outros decadentistas, como Augusto dos Anjos, Alain Fournier e Oscar Wilde. O objetivo dessa leitura é, sobretudo, ressaltar, na obra de Gastão Cruls, sua produção decadentista de alto nível, ainda pouco estudada, como é a maioria de seus textos. Dessa forma, ao entrelaçar na análise da obra crulsiana a perspectiva pós-colonialista, para revelar o posicionamento crítico do autor em face de uma realidade histórica e de uma realidade social emergente, e a perspectiva decadentista, para explorar sua obra como uma manifestação estética singular que reage aos paradigmas da poética adotados pela sociedade burguesa, esta tese revela Gastão Cruls como um autor crítico, que nos dá uma faceta pouco explorada do período Modernista da Literatura Brasileira. / Based on FF’s, HB’s and AM’s thought, this dissertation offers a postcolonial reading of the work of the Brazilian writer Gastão Cruls (1888-1959) and examines his texts in the light of his critical stance against the colonization and neocolonization of Brazil. It also places Cruls, together with Euclides da Cunha, as one of the most important writers – and maybe the most important in his time – who revealed our national reality, especially of the north and northeast regions of the country. This dissertation also examines some of Cruls’s short stories with the lenses of the Decadent movement and compares them to the work of other writers, such as Augusto dos Anjos, Alain Fournier and Oscar Wilde. It stresses the importance of Cruls’s decadent texts and claims that they have not received the attention they deserve, as is also the case for most of his texts. Therefore, by intertwining a postcolonial perspective, that reveals Cruls’s critical view of the historical and emerging social reality of his country, with a decadent perspective, that elicits his singular literary response to the aesthetic paradigms of the Brazilian burgeois society of his time, this dissertation presents Gastão Cruls as a critical author that represents an almost unexplored aspect of the Brazilian Modernist period.

Derrière l’expression « récit de meurtre » se dissimule une hybridité romanesque propre à la fin du XIXe siècle. En prenant appui sur diverses formes de fiction du crime (des écrits naturalistes et décadents, des romans, des contes et nouvelles et des feuilletons), il conviendra de déterminer quelles en sont les caractéristiques narratives. L’analyse est au cœur du sujet : l’enquête judiciaire, le profilage d’une psychologie de l’assassin et les références historiques constituent autant de pistes présentes dans ce type de récit. Un nouveau type de criminel apparaît ; le criminel élabore de nouvelles méthodes et évolue dans un univers moderne. Cette évolution est guidée par la nécessité de séduire un public plus vaste car l’écriture du crime suscite un véritable engouement. Si la presse transforme le journaliste en enquêteur, lui confiant la mission de tenir le lecteur informé des mystères urbains qui l’entourent, les romanciers sont amenés à puiser leur inspiration dans les récits d’enquête et les portraits criminels relayés par la presse. En outre, la notion de mystère est sous-jacente à celle de récit de meurtre dans la mesure où ces écrits cauchemardesques oscillent entre fantasme et réalité. Il s’agit ainsi de montrer que l’acte démesuré du meurtre recouvre la simple notion de thématique ; par son étude des déviances sociales, l’écrivain cherche à verbaliser des angoisses populaires. Plusieurs influences seront donc à prendre en compte : avec la perspective du changement de siècle, les récits sont affectés par la vague de pessimisme qui balaye l’Europe. Les débuts hésitants de la IIIe République, les Affaires et les attentats anarchistes marquent les esprits. L’objectif de cette thèse sera donc de définir ce qu’est le récit de meurtre à travers ses différentes formes, et son rôle médiatique. / There is a novelistic hybridity of “the narrative of murder” conducive to the late of the 19th century. Rested on several forms of crime’s fictions (it refers to decadents and naturalists works, novels, short stories, serials), I should explain its narrative forms. Analysis is at the very heart of this matter: inquest, psychological profile of the murderer and historical references participate to these narratives. A new kind of murderer comes out; criminal uses new skills as he evolves in a modern world. This evolution is header by the need to reach a wide audience for murder’s writing arouses such keen interest. If the press tends to change the journalist into a detective, assigning him the mission to keep the reader informed about urban mysteries surrounding, novelists draw their inspiration from the narrative of criminal investigation and portraits of criminals reported by newspapers. Besides, the notion of mystery is related to the one of murder’s narrative in so far these nightmarish writings oscillate between fantasy and reality. The aim is thus to explain the murder as an excessive act which goes beyond the simple idea of a thematic. Thanks to his study of social deviances, the writer tries to voice popular fears. Many influences must be taken into account: due to the turn of the century, a wave of pessimism sweeps through Europe. The third republic’s hesitant beginnings, the “Affaires” and the anarchist attacks make an unforgettable impression. The aim of this thesis will be to define the narrative of murder through the exhibition of its different forms, and its place in media environment.

Notre thèse retrace la jeunesse d’Élémir Bourges (1852-1925), de sa naissance à Manosque jusqu’à son départ pour Samois, en août 1886. Nous examinons l’enfance du romancier à Marseille, ses découvertes artistiques, ses premiers essais littéraires (influencés par le Parnasse et le naturalisme), les amitiés qu’il noua à Paris, à partir de 1874 (Bourget, Coppée, Bouchor, Richepin, Redon, Zola, Montesquiou, Margueritte, Lorrain, Primoli, Goncourt, Mirbeau, Banville, etc.), la genèse de Jacques d’Aubray, de La Haine de Joël Servais, d’Angélique Pitié, de Sous la hache, du Crépuscule des dieux, de L’Enfant qui revient, des Oiseaux s’envolent et les fleurs tombent, son activité de critique dramatique au Parlement, de chroniqueur au Gaulois, et de critique littéraire dans la Revue des chefs-d’œuvre, sa rencontre en 1878 avec Anna Braunerova, sa future femme, et avec l’artiste tchèque Zdenka Braunerova, la réception du Crépuscule des dieux (1884) et de Sous la hache (1885). Notre biographie s’appuie sur un nombre très important de documents inédits, issus de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, du fonds Buzzini-Bourges des Archives de l’État du Valais, des Archives littéraires de Prague, des Archives du Musée de la Bohême centrale à Roztoky et de collections privées. Elle est suivie d’une édition du manuscrit de Jacques d’Aubray, premier roman inédit de Bourges. / Our thesis recounts the youth of Elémir Bourges (1852-1925), from his birth in Manosque until his departure for Samois in August 1886. We examine the novelist’s childhood in Marseille, his artistic discoveries, his first literary projects (influenced by Parnassianism and Naturalism) and the friendships he formed in Paris from 1874 (with Bourget, Coppée, Bouchor, Richepin, Redon, Zola, Montesquiou, Margueritte, Lorrain, Primoli, Goncourt, Mirbeau, etc.), the genesis of Jacques d'Aubray, La Haine de Joël Servais, Angélique Pitié, Sous la hache, Le Crépuscule des dieux, L'Enfant qui revient, Les oiseaux s’envolent et les fleurs tombent, his dramatic criticism in Le Parlement, chronicles in Le Gaulois, literary critic in La Revue des chefs-d’œuvre, his meeting in 1878 with Anna Braunerova, his future wife, and with the Czech artist Zdenka Braunerova, the reception of Le Crépuscule des dieux (1884) and Sous la hache (1885). Our biography is based on a large number of unpublished documents from the National Library of France, the Buzzini-Bourges fund of the Archives of the State of Valais, the Literary Archives of the Museum of Czech Literature (Prague), the Archives of Museum of Central Bohemia in Roztoky and private collections. It includes an edition of the manuscript of Jacques d'Aubray, Bourges’s first novel.

This thesis is focused on the decadent form of Czech symbolist literature at the turn of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The main task is to present a complex catalogue of motifs and images used by Czech decadents in their works and also to analyse the main methods and strategies they used - in particular interstatuality, also connected with the decadent effort to capture the uniqueness of each passing moment, and synaesthesia. The thesis also focuses on the radical individualism of decadent authors and its connection with both the motifs used and the symbolist style in itself - in the form of self-stylization of the decadent authors who tend to identify with their own works and become (even in real life) their own literal subjects. Because of the prominent visual aspect of decadent literature, the thesis also takes into consideration contemporary art works and the relations between words and images.

Submitted by GLAUCIA BENEDITA VIEIRA null (glauciaget@ig.com.br) on 2016-02-26T21:35:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação 1.pdf: 1582312 bytes, checksum: 4c00c198012585f8f6044daf157ebd18 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-29T14:15:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_gb_me_assis.pdf: 1582312 bytes, checksum: 4c00c198012585f8f6044daf157ebd18 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-29T14:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_gb_me_assis.pdf: 1582312 bytes, checksum: 4c00c198012585f8f6044daf157ebd18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Cette mémoire résulte de la récolte de données, de l’analyse et de l’interprétation de la critique de l’écrivain français J.-K. Huysmans au Brésil. Bien que nous nous concentrions sur le roman À rebours, nous considérons sa liaison avec tous les textes publiés après lui, comme l’auteur lui-même l’a souligné. L’oeuvre huysmansienne a une séquence étroitement liée à l’histoire de la littérature française, et cela dans un de ses moments le plus fructueux, à la fin du XIXème siècle. Les textes critiques ont été repérés à partir des consultations à l’Hémérothèque Numérique de la Bibliothèque Nacionale, au Centre de Documentation et d’Appui à la Recherche - CEDAP et à la Bibliothèque de la Faculté de Sciences et Lettres d’Assis et, au contraire des expectatives, nous avons découvert une nombreuse quantité de matériel. Comme on pourrait croire, beaucoup d’articles sont à propos d’`A rebours et ont abordé de divers sujets autour du roman. Grâce à eux, nous avons compris que le livre n’a pas été lu seulement par le public en général, mais par d’importants critiques et littéraires qui ont souligné son caractère innovateur. Au Brésil, les oeuvres de Huysmans d’aspect religieux ont représenté une grande partie de la réception critique, qui était présente, au-délà des journaux et magazines de nouvelles, dans des jounaux de l’Église, qui exaltaient la vie de l’auteur et le considéraient un chrétien exemplaire. Enfin, nous avons indexé et résumé les articles pour que tous les faits de valeur historique soient contemplés dans cette relation, favorisant une connaissance plus complète et approfondie de l’auteur et de son oeuvre. Ainsi, cette mémoire pourra devenir une sorte de guide pour les futures consultations et recherches sur ce qui a été étudié sur Huysmans et son oeuvre au Brésil. / Esta dissertação resulta do levantamento, análise e interpretação da recepção crítica do escritor francês J.-K. Huysmans no Brasil. Apesar de atermo-nos ao romance À rebours, consideramos sua ligação com todos os textos lançados depois dele, tal como indicou o próprio autor. A obra huysmansiana tem uma sequência estreitamente ligada à história da literatura francesa, e isso em seu momento mais profícuo, o final do século XIX. Os textos críticos foram localizados a partir de consultas na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional, no Centro de Documentação e Apoio à Pesquisa - CEDAP e na Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis e, contrariando as expectativas, descobrimos grande quantidade de material. Como se poderia supor, muitos artigos versaram sobre À rebours e abordaram diversas temáticas em torno do romance. Graças a eles percebemos que o livro não foi lido somente pelo público comum, mas por importantes críticos e literatos que enfatizaram seu caráter inovador. No Brasil, as obras de Huysmans com aspecto religioso representaram grande parte da recepção crítica, que estava presente, também, além dos jornais e revistas noticiosas, nos jornais da Igreja, que exaltavam a vida do autor, vendo-o como um cristão exemplar. Finalmente, indexamos e resumimos os artigos de forma que todos os episódios com valor histórico sejam contemplados nessa relação, favorecendo o conhecimento mais completo e aprofundado do autor e sua obra. Dessa maneira, a dissertação torna-se uma espécie de guia para futuras consultas e pesquisas a respeito do que foi estudado sobre Huysmans e sua obra no Brasil. / This dissertation is a result of survey, analysis and interpretation of the critical reception from the French J.-K. Huysmans in Brazil. Besides gathering to the novel À rebours, We considered its connection with all released texts after this one, such as the author himself has indicated. The title from Huysmans has a sequence strongly connected to the history of French literature, and this in its most profitable moment: the end of XIX century. The critical texts were found built on researches at the Digital Hemeroteca from the Nacional Library, at the Centro de Documentação e Apoio à Pesquisa – CEDAP – and at the Library from Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis and, on the contrary of expectations, we found a big amount of material. As expected, many articles were about À rebours and broached many themes around the novel. Thanks to them, we could realize that the novel was not read only by the general public, but also by important reviewers and literature experts who emphasized the author’s innovative character. In Brazil, Huysmans’ titles with religious aspects represented a big part of the critical reception, which was present, not only newspapers and magazines, but also on the Church’s newsletters, which praised the author’s life seeing him as a model of Christian person. Finally, we indexed and outlined the articles in a way that all the episodes with historic value can be gazed in this relation benefiting the most complete and deepest knowledge of the author and his title. This way, the dissertation becomes some kind of a guide for future quests about what was studied about Huysmans and his title in Brazil.

Avec l’avènement de la sexologie à la fin du XIXe siècle, le discours médico-juridique sur les déviances sexuelles et la psychiatrie s’impose dans les sociétés européennes, devenant ainsi la référence en matière de normalité non seulement sexuelle et identitaire, mais aussi, en parallèle, culturelle et morale. Investiguant le domaine littéraire à la recherche de perversions sexuelles, la discipline médico-légale s’empare des personnages et leurs auteurs, désormais tous analysés et critiqués par ce regard « pathologisant ». Sous cet angle, les dandys décadents Paul-Eric de Fertzen dans Les Hors nature (1897) de Rachilde et Dorian Gray dans Le Portrait de Dorian Gray (1890) d’Oscar Wilde sont deux « cas » médicaux exemplaires de déviance androgyne, « homosexuelle » et dégénérescente, car ils ne performent pas (ou mal) la norme hétéronormative et virile en vigueur à l’époque. À l’aide de la théorie queer envisagée comme processus de « “déterritorialisation” de l’hétérosexualité » (Preciado, 2003), ce mémoire remet en question les présupposés historiographiques du « contrat social » (Wittig, 1992) implicite et décloisonne les personnages (et les auteurs) de leurs multiples diagnostics. En relevant dans les trajectoires narratives des protagonistes les ratés initiatiques qui empêchent leur agrégation à la société, dans une perspective ethnocritique, nous nous intéresserons à ce qui construit une identité à la fin du XIXe siècle. Une question principale guide ce travail : comment ces dandys, en étant monstrueux, anormaux, marginaux, mal initiés, se posent-ils en figures queer et « liminaires » (Scarpa, 2009) au sein du récit? / With the advent of sexology at the end of the 19th century, the medico-legal discourse on sexual deviance and psychiatry impose itself in European societies, thus becoming the reference in matters of not only sexual normality and identity, but also, in parallel, in cultural and moral discourse. Investigating the literary field in search of sexual perversions, the forensic discipline seizes the characters and their authors, now all analyzed and criticized by this “pathologizing” gaze. From this angle, the decadent dandies Paul-Eric de Fertzen in Les Hors nature (1897) by Rachilde and Dorian Gray in The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) by Oscar Wilde are two exemplary medical “cases” of androgynous, “homosexual” and degenerate deviance, because they do not perform (or poorly) the heteronormative and virile norm in force at the time. Using queer theory seen as a process of “‘deterritorialization’ of heterosexuality” (Preciado, 2003), this thesis questions the historiographical presuppositions of the implicit “social contract” (Wittig, 1992) and decompartmentalizes the characters (and the authors) of their multiple diagnosis. By noting in the narrative trajectories of the protagonists the initiation failures that prevent their aggregation into society, from an ethnocritical perspective, we will be interested in what built an identity at the end of the 19th century. A main question guides this work: how these dandies, by being monstrous, abnormal, marginal, poorly initiated, do they pose as queer and “liminary” figures (Scarpa, 2009) within the narrative?

The Program of the Czech Decadent Movement and the Question of Intertextuality. The Work of Miloš Marten This thesis explores the work of Miloš Marten (1883-1917) seeking to analyse its decadent narrative as a modern narrative that brings into play the unity between the pinnacle and the decline. It departs from the comparison between the style and interpretation of the two versions of Cyklus rozkoše a smrti (orig. The Cycle of delight and death; 1907 and 1917/1925) and the study of the realisations of this work. For this purpose the study contextually examines the conceptions of "intertextuality" from fin de siècle authors-critics, meaning their conceptualisations of similarity and/or identity of literary works which frequently involve a confluence of degeneration theory, the argument of the non-ethical nature of plagiarism and theory of decadence. All were often used as instruments of disqualification as well as justifications for a modern aesthetics and style. Reconstitution of Marten's theoretical reflection on artistic genres evidences his research of a harmonizing modern culture within an anti-syncretic tendency: mythology and revolt against myth Order being shifted to tragedy and parable, while the novel is designed as an analytical-critical synthesis. Applying contemporary approaches to...