According to Erikson (1968), adolescents and young people are greatly engaged in the process of identity development with the intentions to evade a state of diffusion and role confusion. Not much research in the areas of identity formation and career development has explored the possible relationship between these two phenomena. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between gender identity formation (identity statuses) and career decision-making process among high school learners. In addition the study explored if there are gender differences between males and females on identity statuses, as well as on career decision-making process. A sample of 156 Grade 12 learners participated in the study. The Revised Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (Bennion & Adams, 1986) and the Study Choice Task Inventory were administered to the learners. Findings of the study showed correlation between the identity statuses of Diffusion, Foreclosure and Moratorium for males and females and the career decision–making process. No statistically significant differences were found between males and females on the variables, namely, identity statuses and aspects of career decision-making processes. Implications for theory and practice and recommendations for future research are provided.

The traditional type of marketing is more directed towards big customer segments in specified areas. Due to technological improvement marketing has evolved into an extreme form of segmentation where marketing target the individual consumer based on their personal needs and preferences. This has led to a discussion of whether personalized marketing is something that create privacy concerns or benefits in the eyes of the consumer.     The purpose of this thesis is to explore the consumer perception of personalized marketing and how the perception affects the purchase decision-making process.   A conceptual framework was developed based on earlier research within personalized marketing. A qualitative method with an abductive approach has been used. Our primary data was collected through 8 different semi-structured interviews and consisted of men and women in the age span of 40-59 years’ old who had engaged in e-commerce at least once during the last six months.   Our empirical data has been analyzed out of the literature review, which founds the basis for our findings. Our findings show that the consumer perception of personalized marketing affect the consumer decision-making process in varying ways. A positive perception of the personalized marketing makes the consumer more susceptible to it, which further impacts the different stages in the process.

How consumers act during the buyers decision making process can change with age. How older consumers use modern technology in the buyers decision making process has however not been given a clear picture by researchers. Therefore the purpose of this study is to examine how older consumers use technology in the buyers decision making process and create a more nuanced picture of their usage. By using a qualitative method in the form of small-N-study and semi-structured interviews we have been able to answer our research questions. We have found that the technology i mainly used during the information gathering stage and the evaluation stage of the buyers decision making process, according to our respondents. From this we have been able to identify two seperate user types: Searcher-Stig and Evaluation-Ulla (Sökar-Stig och Utvärderar-Ulla). These two user types describe how older consumers mainly use technology in the buyers decision making process. / Hur konsumenter agerar i köpprocessen kan ändras med åldern. Hur äldre konsumenter sedan använder teknologin i köpprocessen är dock något som forskningen inte lyckats ge en fullständig bild kring. Därmed är syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur äldre konsumenter använder modern teknologi i köpprocessen för att skapa en mer nyanserad bild av äldre konsumenters användning av teknologi. Genom att använda oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av en små-N-studie och semi-strukturerade intervjuer har vi kunnat besvara våra frågor. Enligt våra respondenter så används mobilen främst under informationssökningsfasen och utvärderingsfasen av köpprocessen. Detta har lett till at vi kunnat ta fram två användartyper: Sökar-Stig och Utvärderar-Ulla, som skall beskriva äldre konsumenters användning av teknologi i köpprocessen.

O setor varejista brasileiro tem apresentado crescimento significativo nos últimos anos, o qual pode ser justificado, em parte, por sua capacidade em incluir uma parcela da população que até meados da década de 90 estava fora do mercado consumidor. Essa inclusão foi decorrente da concessão de crédito e de condições de parcelamento que garantiram o aumento efetivo nas vendas desse setor. Nesse contexto, pode-se perceber o efeito do crédito como atributo de grande importância na decisão de compra dos consumidores e justifica o interesse e o aprofundamento em pesquisas que permitam o maior entendimento sobre o processo de tomada de decisão na aquisição de financiamentos e sua influência na decisão dos consumidores. A partir de uma pesquisa aplicada do tipo descritiva, de base quantitativa, com consumidores de bens duráveis e semiduráveis na cidade de São Paulo, este trabalho avaliou o efeito das variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas na preferência pelos termos de crédito e contratos de financiamento apresentados pelo setor varejista brasileiro. Como objetivo específico, pretendeu-se avaliar a sensibilidade dos consumidores às alterações nas taxas de juros e a influência do \"efeito framing\" da apresentação das propostas de crédito na decisão de financiamento, confirmando a importância das considerações sobre a racionalidade limitada e as limitações encontradas no processo de tomada de decisão de financiamento no varejo. Os resultados encontrados e o mapeamento das preferências entre as alternativas de pagamento permitiram identificar a falta de sensibilidade às variações nas taxas de juros, identificando indícios de racionalidade limitada no processo de aquisição de crédito. Foi possível também demonstrar a preferência pela proposta de pagamento parcelado, que indica a influência das formas de apresentação das parcelas, confirmando a importância do \"efeito framing\" nas escolhas dos consumidores. / The Brazilian retail industry has been significantly growing in the past few years, which can be partially justified by increasing its capacity to include a segment of the population that was not part of the consumer market until the 1990´s. This inclusion is a consequence of the credit and installment conditions that have been responsible for the effective increase in sales. The effect of credit can be perceived as a relevant attribute in the consumers´ purchase decision and justifies the interest for extensive research that allows a better understanding of the decision-making process of financing and its influence on the consumers´ decision. Based on the descriptive and quantitative research on consumers of durable and semi-durable goods living in the city of São Paulo, this dissertation evaluated demographic and socio-economic variables affecting the preference for credit agreements and financing contracts offered by the Brazilian retail industry. The specific objective was to measure the consumers´ sensitivity to variations in credit rates and the influence of the \"framing effect\" caused by presenting installments options in financing decisions, confirming the importance of the considerations about \"bounded rationality\" and the limitations in the decision-making processes for financing in retail. The outcomes and the analysis of the preferences over payment alternatives allowed the identification the lack of consumers\' sensibility on the variations of the interest rates, thus identifying evidences of limited rationality in the credit acquisition process. It has also been possible to demonstrate the preference for installments option, which indicates the influence of the payment presentation format, confirming the \"framing effect\" over the consumers´ choices.

O presente estudo analisou os diversos fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisões na gestão de rentabilidade do portfolio de produtos em empresas de bens de consumo, investigando os aspectos lógicos e comportamentais de liderança que influenciam este processo decisório para ao final do estudo propor um conjunto de diretrizes com oito etapas e vinte e cinco elementos específicos, que devem ser considerados na estruturação do processo decisório relacionado a uma gestão ativa da rentabilidade do portfólio de produtos em empresas de bens de consumo. Esta abordagem de gestão ativa proposta pelas diretrizes orienta o processo de decisão para identificar os desvios e buscar as causas dos problemas, atuando assim de forma mais estruturante e menos paliativa na gestão de rentabilidade do portfolio de produtos. As diretrizes propostas visam guiar as organizações de bens de consumo a adequarem suas práticas de gestão do portfolio de produtos com maior ciência sobre as variáveis que impactam o processo decisório quando se trata da gestão de rentabilidade em questão, envolvendo os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos e suas inerentes complexidades, principalmente quando há neste processo de gestão diversos produtos, agentes e interesses distintos envolvidos. Como método, este estudo partiu da análise de um caso prático vivenciado pelo autor, para então explorar a teoria e posteriormente retornar à prática realizando três pesquisas de campo, iniciando com um estudo de caso único e seguido por outras duas pesquisas utilizando entrevistas em profundidade com gestores de produtos de outras empresas e especialistas no tema. / The present study analyzed the various factors that influence decision-making in the profitability management of the product portfolio in consumer goods companies, investigating the logical and behavioral aspects of leadership that influence this decision process to then at end of the study propose a set of guidelines with eight steps and twenty-five specific elements which should be considered in the structuring of the decision-making process related to an active profitability management of the product portfolio in consumer goods companies. This active management approach proposed by the guidelines guides the decision process to identify the deviations and to pursue the causes of the problems, thus acting in a more structuring and less palliative way in profitability management of the product portfolio. The proposed guidelines aim to guide consumer goods organizations to adapt their product portfolio management practices with greater knowledge about the variables that impact the decision-making process when it comes to the profitability management in question, involving the quantitative and qualitative aspects and their inherent complexities, especially when there are several products, agents and interests involved in this management process. As a method, this study started with the analysis of a practical case experienced by the author, to then explore the theory and then return to practice by performing three field surveys, starting with a single case study followed by two other surveys using in-depth interviews with product managers from other companies and experts in the subject.

Este trabalho versa sobre as principais tomadas de decisão efetuadas durante a elaboração de projetos estruturais de edifícios em alvenaria. Inicialmente são abrangidas definições a respeito de armação de paredes, modulação, técnicas construtivas e utilização de elementos pré-moldados. Apresentam-se ainda critérios para a concepção estrutural e procedimentos de determinação das ações atuantes, bem como sua distribuição ao longo do edifício. São fornecidas orientações para o dimensionamento dos elementos estruturais, fundamentadas na ABNT (NBR-10837). Baseado na teoria exposta, alguns exemplos são elaborados com a finalidade de direcionar as tomadas de decisão no sentido de garantir segurança e economia. / This work deals with the main decisions in structural masonry buildings design. At first, some definitions regarding reinforced masonry, modulation, construction techniques and use of precast concrete elements are discussed. In addition, some structural conception criteria and applied forces determination procedures, as well as forces distribution through out the building\'s height, are presented. Some orientations are given to structural elements design, according to brazilian code ABNT (NBR-10837). Based on the discussed theory, some examples are presented in order to direct the decision making process to assure safety and economy.

As primeiras agências reguladoras foram criadas a partir da segunda metade dos anos 1990, e a mais recente delas, em 2005. Com as agências surgiram também os atores privados regulados, os usuários e consumidores, e uma nova forma de interação entre os Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário. Esses atores participam e dão forma ao processo de aprendizagem institucional das agências. Passado o período de criação e após quase duas décadas de existência, é necessária uma visão crítica sobre as agências. Propõe-se, então, um método de avaliação regulatória a partir de três variáveis que serão decompostas em diversas subvariáveis (quesitos a serem respondidos objetivamente). A primeira variável, institucionalização, mede as regras aplicáveis à própria agência: características dos mandatos dos dirigentes, autonomia decisória, autonomia financeira e de gestão de pessoal. A segunda, procedimentalização, ocupa-se do processo de tomada de decisão da agência e de sua transparência. Ambas as variáveis procuram medir as agências do ponto de vista formal, a partir de normas aplicáveis (leis, decretos, resoluções, portarias etc.), e pela prática regulatória, com base nos fatos ocorridos demonstrados por meio de documentos oficiais (decretos de nomeação, decisões, relatórios de atividade das próprias agências etc.). A última variável, judicialização, aponta as várias vezes em que a decisão administrativa muda de status e o nível de confirmação dessas decisões pelo Poder Judiciário. O modelo teórico de avaliação das agências ora apresentado é aplicado e testado em três setores que são submetidos à regulação econômica e contam com forte presença de atores sociais e empresa estatal federal. Assim, as agências analisadas foram: Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ANEEL, Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações ANATEL e Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil ANAC. Em termos gerais, não é possível garantir a existência de um isoformismo entre essas agências, nem mesmo entre agências criadas em momentos diferentes e por presidentes distintos. Também não foi possível demonstrar que a interferência política seja uma marca de um único governo. A ANATEL, a melhor avaliada das três agências, destaca-se pelo rigor de suas normas que seu processo decisório reflete. A ANEEL e a ANAC tiveram uma avaliação mediana já que apresentaram avaliação sofrível quanto ao processo, mas mostraram ter instituições (regras) um pouco melhores. / The first regulatory agencies were created from the second half of 1900s, and the lasted of them in 2005. With the agencies, emerged regulated private players, users and consumers, and a new approach of interaction between the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. These actors take part and shape the institutional learning process of agencies. After the creation and over nearly two decades, a critical view is needed on agencies development. It is proposed, therefore, a method of evaluation based on three variables, which will be decomposed into several sub-variables (questions to be answered objectively). The first variable, institutionalization, looks into the rules to which the agency is submitted, as the mandates of the directors, autonomy to take decisions on its own, financial autonomy, and personnel management. The second variable, proceduralizing, deals with the agencys decision-making process and its transparency. Both variables seek to measure the agencies from a formal point of view, based on applicable rules (laws, decrees, resolutions, ordinances, etc.), and the regulatory practice, based on the facts officially documented (appointment decrees, decisions, reports issued by the agencies, etc.). The last sub-variable, judicialization, points out the several times the administrative decision changes status due to judicial review and the level of confirmation of such decisions by the Judiciary. The theoretical model of evaluation of agencies presented here is applied and tested in three sectors that are subject to economic regulation and have a strong presence of social actors and a federal state enterprise. Thus, the agencies analyzed were: Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency ANEEL, the Brazilian Telecommunications Agency ANATEL and the Brazilian Civil Aviation Agency ANAC. In general, one cannot assure there is an equal framework between these agencies, even among agencies created at different times and by different presidents. Nor was it possible to demonstrate that political interference is a mark of a single government. ANATEL, the best rated of the three agencies, stands out for the accuracy of its rules, which its decision-making process reflects. ANEEL and ANAC presented poorly assessment regarding the decision-making process, but proved to have institutions (rules) a little stronger.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d'interroger les surprenantes mises à l'agenda européen des politiques de conciliation emploi-famille depuis le milieu des années 1970. En utilisant le modèle des courants multiples développé par John Kingdon et adapté pour l'Union européenne par Nicole Herweg, cette thèse montre que les politiques de conciliation suivent des trajectoires tout sauf linéaire. Elle met en lumière l'importance de la maturité et de la stabilité des trois courants (le courant des problèmes, le courant des solutions et le courant politique) ainsi que le rôle de certains entrepreneurs politiques dans l'explication des mises à l'agenda politiques et décisionnels de ces politiques. Elle montre en outre que la malléabilité de l'objet lui-même participe pleinement à la compréhension de ses trajectoires européennes. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-02T17:58:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Deisi Luana Diel Weber_.pdf: 569327 bytes, checksum: 355337b56ffb691e0e6bd0005f05fc4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T17:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deisi Luana Diel Weber_.pdf: 569327 bytes, checksum: 355337b56ffb691e0e6bd0005f05fc4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / This research presents an investigation about the decision-making process regarding Make or Buy, trying to understand which variables most influence this decision to insource some activities, to outsource others, or to better estimate a percentage to combine both. The dependent variable on our research is the behavioral decision-making process, measuring the influence received by cost, quality, and monitoring. Trying to understand if differences between these independent variables influence how managers make their decision in the context of insource or outsource production. In order to test this model empirically, an experiment research was conducted, on the basis of eight different scenarios, which simulate a purchasing decision situation ranging the variables costs, quality, and monitoring of suppliers between High and Low, to understand the relationship of these constructs with the decision-making process of Brazilian managers. It was performed with a sample of 211 students from the Production Engineer course at Universidade do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos). The data was analyzed using statistical technique ANOVA. The results demonstrate that managers consider cost variation to decide about how much to internalize and how much to outsource. They change their choices when quality is higher in their suppliers than inside the company. They also evaluate manager capability to control costs over their suppliers and on their process inside the company. However, they do not change their sourcing decision due to supplier’s monitoring variation, neither when quality monitoring is considered. This issue was already addressed in Hall’s study (2012) conducted in the United States. Thus, we decided to replicate his in Brazil in order to check if in a different environment, with other economic, politic, social, and regulatory situation, the manager will change their decisions. Nevertheless, after comparing both studies, we realize that the same hypothesis was supported in both studies, what means that even in another context the same variables are considered to base managers sourcing decision.

Este trabalho consiste de um portfólio de composição documentado com partituras e gravações, e de um memorial que apresenta uma autoanálise do processo de tomada de decisões empreendido na composição da obra Duo para Flauta e Piano. Apoiado na delimitação de autoanálise conceituada por Donin (2015c), e nas definições de Chaves (2010) que explicam a composição musical como um processo de tomada de decisões em três territórios, objetivou-se investigar os traços decisórios contidos no dossiê genético da obra autoanalisada, que incluiu também documentos relativos a outros processos, para identificar decorrências decisórias e aspectos da dinâmica de idas e vindas do processo composicional. O dossiê genético, com seus traços diretos e indiretos, foi autoanalisado a partir de uma metodologia que combina os pressupostos da crítica genética com estudos sobre a atividade cognitiva do compositor durante o processo composicional. Neste sentido, a autoanálise foi realizada a partir da investigação específica do processo de tomada de decisões, em cada um dos seus três territórios: ideológico, estético e pontual. Assim, foi possível constatar aspectos relevantes do estilo decisório individual deste compositor, bem como observar e refletir sobre processos de recomposição e replanejamento, que se referem também a questões gerais envolvendo a composição musical e seus desafios. / This thesis consists of a portfolio of compositions and a self-analysis of the decision-making process in the composition of Duo para Flauta e Piano [Duo for Flute and Piano]. The concept of self-analysis in music composition is taken from Donin (2015c), and the concept of music composition as a decision-making process is based on Chaves (2010). The main goal of the thesis is the investigation of decision-making features as featured by direct and indirect traces. These traces are comprised in the genetic dossier of the Duo. The methodology of the thesis is referential to genetic criticism in its approach to the cognitive activity of the composer during the compositional process. In the course of this thesis, it became possible to verify relevant aspects of individual decision-making processes in the work of this composer, which also refer to broader issues of music composition and its challenges.