This dissertation investigates how Dissenting writers, among them Samuel Annesley and Richard Baxter, influenced the religious thought of Daniel Defoe. Though some critics, most notably G. A. Starr and J. Paul Hunter, have positioned Defoe within a broad "Puritan" tradition, his religious ideas are more properly understood within the specific circumstances of post-Restoration England, as the unique pressures engendered by the Interregnum impelled many Dissenting writers to privilege "Practical Religion" over abstract theology. The aversion to "doubtfull disputations" that Defoe inherits from this discourse informs not only the modes of argument Defoe employs, but also the genres through which he engages with theological questions. Throughout his writing, however, his attachment to Biblical typology, which is informed by his dependence on the Bible as a stable locus of indisputable “plainness,” comes into conflict with his political tenets, as Scripture provides no firm precedent for the mode of contractual kingship introduced by the Glorious Revolution. At first seeking to mute the incongruities between "Hebrew times" and "modern" circumstances, Defoe is eventually impelled to reconceptualise typology, formulating a theory that both acknowledges the authority of the Bible while allowing William, and the mode of contractual kingship he represents, to surpass Scriptural types. This attitude towards typology fundamentally underpins the narrative of Robinson Crusoe (1719), which systematically repudiates Biblical narratives. Rather than adhering to prefigurative Biblical patterns, the novel is built on a series of divergences, first personal and then political, from Scriptural models. Anchored in his specific geographic and economic circumstances, Crusoe’s conversion is markedly distanced from Biblical types, represented as a process unique to his situation, rather than an iteration of an existing pattern. Ultimately, this dissertation contends that Defoe’s religious thought, specifically his commitment to "Practical Religion" and the typological hermeneutic this discourse underpins, is fundamentally informed by his relationship with post-Restoration Dissent. / Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-01 15:48:01.785

Thesis advisor: Elizabeth Kowaleski Wallace / Thesis advisor: Alan Richardson / This project argues that the British financial revolution ushered in a new way of conceptualizing time based in mathematic innovations of the seventeenth-century. As it was employed in financial instruments and government policies, mathematics' spatialized representation of time conflicted with older, more intuitive experience of time associated with consciousness and duration. Borrowing from the work of Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, I examine how he interaction between these two temporalities reshaped conceptions of value, the public, and the body in the first half of the eighteenth century. The first two chapters of my study explore texts ranging from pamphlets that advocated for the establishment of banks to the periodical essays of The Spectator and The Tatler that advocated for political economic conceptions of time and value at the turn of the century. These texts reveal the subtle tensions and strange paradoxes created by the clash of disparate temporalities and open the door to new readings of fictional narratives like those of Daniel Defoe and Aphra Behn. My second two chapters focus on selected works by these two authors to explore how longer first-person narrative forms modeled both the possibilities and dangers of emerging political economic structures. My study concludes with two chapters that follow the development of the oriental tale in Britain. Making use of a seventeenth-century tradition that explores the tensions between representation and meaning in oriental fables, Arabian Nights' Entertainments follows on the heels of John Paul Marana's Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy and reshapes the genre to reflect the new concerns of a global marketplace in which deferral has become essential to the production of value. I conclude these chapters with readings of Johnson's Rasselas, Hawkesworth's Almoran and Hamet, and Frances Sheridan's Nourjahad, three tales that foreshadow late-eighteenth-century efforts to manage the public and its temporal paradoxes through an attention to the body. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: English.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-15T14:29:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicássio Martins da Costa_.pdf: 3516646 bytes, checksum: 54cb009a359e0cd9d1ccc07bb4b87e53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T14:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicássio Martins da Costa_.pdf: 3516646 bytes, checksum: 54cb009a359e0cd9d1ccc07bb4b87e53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Este trabalho se propõe a reconstituir e discutir o processo de construção do(s) estereótipo(s) dos piratas em obras literárias de ficção que foram escritas no século seguinte ao auge e ao posterior desaparecimento das atividades de pirataria nos mares do Caribe. Para tanto, reconstituímos esse processo gradual de desaparecimento, a partir da contextualização da situação política e econômica do século XVIII, principalmente das três primeiras décadas, que se caracterizaram por uma série de mudanças, sobretudo no comércio ultramarino, estabelecidas pelo Tratado de Utrecht, em decorrência da Guerra da Sucessão Espanhola. A discussão que realizamos partiu da obra A General History of the Pyrates, de Daniel Defoe, que consideramos o ponto inaugural da construção destes estereótipos, por apresentar dezenove biografias de piratas que conquistaram fama nas primeiras décadas do século XVIII. A narrativa de Defoe, marcada por traços de jornalismo sensacionalista, acabou por enaltecer as características desses piratas junto ao público leitor, provocando, assim, um efeito contrário ao pretendido pelo autor e, principalmente, pela Coroa inglesa, empenhada em difamar ao máximo a imagem dos piratas para facilitar seu processo de eliminação, que já vinha sendo realizado pela Marinha Real Britânica (Royal Navy). As obras literárias que selecionamos para cotejo e análise foram O Conde de Monte Cristo, de Alexandre Dumas, A Ilha do Tesouro, de Robert Louis Stevenson, Contos de Piratas, de Arthur Conan Doyle e O Garoto no Convés de John Boyne. Nelas, pudemos constatar, em maior ou menor grau, tanto apropriações das descrições feitas por Daniel Defoe, evidenciadas na caracterização que seus autores fazem de alguns personagens, quanto a criação de novas características (físicas e comportamentais), que contribuíram, desta forma, para encorpar, difundir e perpetuar o estereótipo dos piratas caribenhos do século XVIII.

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In the novel, Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe examines a wide range of complex issues. Defoe takes the typical adventure theme and transforms it into a thought-provoking reflection of many issues involving society. A blending of economic and religious issues is created by first focusing on economy, then bringing the issue of religion in, and finally allowing for the portrayal of the interpenetration between each. Defoe proves that it is possible to live by economic practices and monetary values while still maintaining a good, moral character. The emphasis on economic issues is extremely apparent, as Defoe calls into question the concept of money and its value, as well as its place in society. Crusoe is first portrayed as a man defined by money and ruled by economic principles. Even when removed from society, he is impelled to practice many economic conventions, such as investment, moderation and the idea of profit. Defoe creates Crusoe to be so greatly influenced by money and the economy in the beginning so as to better emphasize the intertwining of his economic side with his religious side. The Christian values and morals of Crusoe dominate the latter part of the novel. He rediscovers the Bible and its teachings and learns the importance of repentance and giving thanks. The provocative progression in unveiling the many layers of Crusoe allows for the reader to see that the man they thought to be defined by money is rather a man trying to live by the Word of God.

The goal of this thesis is to discuss the formation of Robinson Crusoe¡¦s capitalist identity in Daniel Defoe¡¦s Robinson Crusoe with the issue of dominance/submission and the concepts of capitalism. Defoe¡¦s Robinson Crusoe is regarded as the first novel in the English literary history. The novel tells how Crusoe, from exiled on an isolated island to return to English society, manipulates power of mastery with authority to undergo metamorphosis to be a colonizer and a successful capitalist. The novel deals with not only the issue of the establishment of Robinson Crusoe¡¦s identity struggling on the isolated island, but also the hegemony of Britain and the advocacy of Capitalism and Protestantism. This thesis consists of four chapters. In chapter one, I will briefly discuss the historical background and reasons, socially as well as politically, for the rise of the novel in the eighteenth century, and Daniel Defoe¡¦s background, his writing style, and his first novel Robinson Crusoe. In chapter two, I will clarify the illusion of the biblical Eden in the novel, and discuss the significance of the island for Robinson Crusoe. Moreover, how Crusoe¡¦s progression civilizes the island, resulting in the loss of the biblical Eden. Crusoe¡¦s status is reversed from God to a capitalist looking for profit. In chapter three, I will discuss the formation of Crusoe¡¦s identity with power and authority. How he establishes his identity through the process of mastery over non-humans and humans. In conclusion, I will give an overall review of the whole thesis.

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Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Universiẗat, Diss.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-57).

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of English, General Literature and Rhetoric, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.