Este estudo propõe uma leitura do século 21 de Robinson Crusoe, do escritor inglês Daniel Defoe, buscando identificar as razões que fazem a história do náufrago que vive numa ilha deserta por 28 anos permanecer excepcionalmente popular no mundo ocidental por três séculos. A leitura é um exercício prático do pensamento complexo, que constitui um dos três pilares da transdisciplinaridade, definido pelo pensador francês Edgar Morin. Esse enfoque consiste na identificação de padrões e inter-relações entre elementos internos do texto e externos a ele. O pensamento complexo conecta o conhecimento empírico/lógico/racional à sabedoria simbólica/mitológica/mágica. O estudo tem início com um retrospecto da carreira de Robinson Crusoe, considerando os textos fundadores que podem ter influenciado sua criação, e os inúmeros textos imitativos que se seguiram à sua publicação, originando um subgênero literário, das Robinsonadas. Uma síntese da biografia de Defoe ilustra o cenário de um mundo europeu de mudanças científicas, políticas e sociais radicais. O contexto e a fortuna crítica do autor são colocados lado a lado com a contribuição de estudos de filosofia da ciência, psicologia analítica, mitologia, antropologia e religião, na investigação do imaginário inscrito no romance. O capítulo quatro apresenta minha leitura transdisciplinar de Robinson Crusoe, destinada a demonstrar que a popularidade duradoura do romance é devida a seu poder de transmitir significados velados, conectados com elementos constitutivos do imaginário do mundo ocidental. / This study proposes a twenty-first-century reading of Robinson Crusoe, by British writer Daniel Defoe, aiming to identify the reasons why the story of the castaway who lives on an uninhabited island for 28 years has remained remarkably popular in the Western world for almost three centuries. The reading is a drill on Complex Thinking, as defined by French epistemologist Edgar Morin, one of the pillars of Transdisciplinarity. This approach consists of the identification of patterns and interrelationships among elements inside the text and elements external to it, in the light of a number of disciplines involved in the study. Complex Thinking connects empirical/logical/rational knowledge to symbolic/mythological/magical wisdom. The study starts with a review of the career of the book, considering the founding texts which might have influenced the creation of Robinson Crusoe, and the myriad of mimetic texts that followed its publication, giving birth to a literary subgenre, the Robinsonade. A glance at the life of Defoe is also offered, so as to illustrate the context of a European world of radical scientific, political and social changes. Contexts and the critical heritage of the work are put together with symbolic data that prove relevant for the research on the imaginary inscribed in the novel. Chapter three acknowledges the aid of a number of studies in the fields of philosophy of science, analytical psychology, mythology, anthropology and religion, which enabled me to interrelate diverse levels of reading. Chapter four offers my transdisciplinary reading of Robinson Crusoe, in which I endeavor to demonstrate that the continued popularity of the novel derives from its capacity to convey concealed meanings connected with elements constitutive of the Imaginary of the Western world.

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T16:46:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viegas_ShellidaFernandadaCollina_M.pdf: 1256150 bytes, checksum: 7db06e6f41dda1ca37024f79eff21382 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A Inglaterra do século XVIII foi marcada por diversos problemas de diversas ordens. O surgimento do capitalismo desencadeou profundas mudanças tanto na economia quanto na sociedade, e isso se refletiu nas relações entre homens e mulheres e nos seus novos papéis nesse novo mundo. Esse clima, obviamente, reflete-se na literatura, mais precisamente na obra aqui analisada, MoU Flanders. As surpresas começam com a própria naITadora: uma mulher. Esta é o extremo oposto das narradoras convencionais, modelos de comportamento e moral, pois era ladra e prostituta. Prostituta? Ao ler a obra, questionei-me sobre a validade dessa descrição e isso motivou-me a analisar essa fascinante obra. Irei, neste trabalho, ater-me principalmente ao que, no decorrer dos tempos, foi a principal característica atribuída à protagonista: a prostituição. Para tanto, procurei respostas tanto na literatura quanto na sociedade da época, pois somente com essas duas análises poderei resolver a questão aqui colocada / Mestrado / Literatura Geral e Comparada / Mestre em Teoria Literaria

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viegas_ShellidaFernandadaCollina_D.pdf: 120671766 bytes, checksum: 6769e677622ca23add669406b7687de0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Como é possível o mesmo autor, na mesma época, escrever dois romances com a mesma temática e dar-lhes tratamento tão distinto? Essa é a pergunta que intriga os leitores de Defoe ao ler duas das suas principais obras literárias, Moll Flanders (1722) e Roxana (1724), e é também a pergunta que norteou esta pesquisa. Para responder a isso, estudamos a história da leitura, o surgimento e a popularização do romance, a história dos direitos autorais e a influência do público leitor na produção de romances. Isso porque ambas as obras de Defoe tiveram várias edições ao longo do séc. XVIII que se diferenciavam das primeiras tiragens. Visando estabelecer algumas hipóteses para explicar os motivos que levaram os editores a alterar os finais das obras, foram analisadas, nesses romances, as figuras da prostituta, amante, esposa e mãe e a condição da mulher na Inglaterra pré-Revolução Industrial, sem perder de vista a questão da edição e da recepção / Abstract: To what extent is it possible that an author over the same decade had written two novels about the same central theme, but from and with different perspectives? The readers of Daniel Defoe are right to raise this issue after reading Moll Flanders (1722) and Roxana (1724). This research sets about answering such questions. To this end, I used Defoe's novels to take a close look at the history of reading, the creation and popularity of the novel, copyright implications and the influence of the reader in the production of novels. After all, both novels underwent a series of different editions throughout the eighteenth century. To formulate a working hypothesis to outline the reasons that allowed such changes in editions, I analyzed the figures of the prostitute, lover, wife and mother and the condition of women in pre-Industrial Revolution England in both novels / Doutorado / Literatura Geral e Comparada / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

It would indeed have been a difficult matter for anybody possessing a taste for self-expression, a facility with words and an insatiable imagination to avoid becoming involved in political controversy in England during the early part of the Eighteenth Century. For one who, in addition, was confident in his ability to solve problems of state of whatever complexity it was clearly an impossibility. Daniel Defoe's close connection with politics during the first years of the Eighteenth Century involved him in numerous hardships. In later years it brought him much less fame than his excursions into fiction; but it was the means of providing him, albeit sparsely at times, with sufficient money to keep his creditors at bay. On more than one occasion the protection he gained helped to rescue him from imprisonment. Intro., p. 1.

While authors have appropriated literary works for centuries, they have also appropriated historical settings and places well outside their own realities, creating new works in historical settings that reflect a new cultural purpose. The Restoration and eighteenth century are frequent subjects of popular formula-fiction romances due to the distinctive, easily replicated atmospheres; but the period has also inspired serious, traditional historical fiction and fictionalized biography as well as productions of novels from the period. This panel focuses on the long eighteenth century and the period’s intrigue for filmmakers, TV producers and audiences in a modern-day culture

Daniel Defoe, separated from the society of the majority of English people of his time by his religion and his low social status, was concerned with isolation in the lives of the characters in his novels. The solitude of Robinson Crusoe has been frequently discussed, but the characters in other novels have not been studied in much detail nor have the characters been studied as a group of isolated with similar characteristics. The purpose of the following study is to determine what characteristics Defoe’s isolates have in common, what attitude Defoe had toward solitude and the isolates, and what effect Defoe’s personal seclusion had on his fiction as represented by the four novels Robinson Crusoe, Moll Flanders, Captain Singleton, and Roxana. The oslated selected for the study are two men: Robinson Crusoe and Captain Singleton, and two women: Moll Flanders and Roxana. All of these characters are at some time separated from the society acceptable to the majority of citizens by place of residence, by religious belief, by social status, by economic conditions, and by psychological factors. The chapter following will be devoted to the study of the causes and effects of isolation.

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Through four novelists from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries-Haywood, Defoe, Austen, and Chopin-this work examines the way the mother's importance evolves throughout literature. In Haywood's works, motherhood is seen as a dominant force in her child's life, but not a dominant force in society. Defoe approaches motherhood in a dramatically different way; for him, motherhood is secondary to financial security, and this opinion is reflected in the lives and actions of his characters. In spite of the absence of a maternal influence, Austen's characters do not experience true hardship in the way that Haywood's and Defoe's do. However, their lives are adversely affected by this absence. Chopin's protagonist has never experienced a maternal influence, and this absence has dramatically affected her life. She is unsure about what she wants from life, and this knowledge, along with her realization of society's restrictions upon her, ultimately leads to her suicide.

[pt] Desde o momento em que Cristóvão Colombo colocou seus pés pela primeira vez nas Américas, o espectro da violência privada no mar esteve por perto, fosse ela empreendida pelas mãos dos próprios espanhóis, fosse por aqueles que disputavam com eles o direito de explorar as riquezas recém-descobertas. Nesta tese argumentamos que os relatos de navegação deixados por corsários, piratas e bucaneiros nos séculos XVII e XVII foram parte fundamental para a criação do imaginário europeu acerca do Novo Mundo e de seus habitantes. Procuramos explorar uma diversidade de relatos que, cada qual à seu modo, representaram os dilemas políticos que vieram a desembocar na criação do Estado e do sujeito político modernos. Este processo, contudo, não foi linear, como em uma escala de progresso em direção à civilidade. Pelo contrário, a leitura dos relatos de navegação nos revela uma experiência diversa e frequentemente contraditória. O escopo desta tese abarca os séculos XVI e XVII. Neste período as instituições sociais herdadas da idade média tardia que ordenaram a relação entre indivíduos e sociedade estavam em franco declínio, processo este que somente se aprofundou com a reimaginação da geografia planetária após os descobrimentos. Argumentamos nesta tese que a figura do pirata foi um ator central nesta reimaginação do mundo a partir de suas margens, de suas áreas limítrofes. Ao longo do trabalho, abordamos os relatos de André Thevet e Jean de Léry, Francis Drake, Anthony Knivet, Alexander Exquemeling e, por fim, o romance Rosbinson Crusoé, de Daniel Defoe. Cada um destes trabalhos trouxe algo de novo para a complexa equação que teve lugar nos dois séculos em questão. / [en] Since when Christopher Columbus first came into the Americas, the specter of private violence stood nearby. This thesis argues that the accounts of navigations left by the privateers, pirates and buccaneers of the XVI and XVII centuries were crucial parts for the making of the European imaginary about the New World, its inhabitants, and the European place in it. We explore the diversity of accounts that, each in its own way, represents the political dilemmas that came to a close at the Modern Estate and the Modern political subjects. This process, thought, should not be represented as an unambiguous tale of progressive civilization. On the contrary, the reading of the accounts of navigation reveals a much more ambiguous and frequently contradictory experience. The scope of this thesis encompass the XVI and XVII centuries. During this time, the late medieval social and political institutions that mediated the relations between society and individuals were at a steady decline. The discoveries made by the Spanish and the Portuguese and the following re-imagination of global geography only aggravated the problem, and from the ashes of the late medieval system modernity arose. We argue that the pirate figure was a central actor in this process acting from the margins. During this thesis we explore the accounts of Andre Thevet and Jean de Léry, Francis drake, Anthony Knivet, Alexander Exquemeling and the novel Robinson Crusoé, from Daniel Defoe. Each one of these accounts brought something new to the complex operations that were taking place in those transitional centuries.

Hayy Bin Yaqzan is a famous Arabic narrative written by the Muslim philosopher Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail in the twelfth century and translated first into Latin by Edward Pocock, the son, in 1671, then into English by George Keith in 1674, by George Ashwell in 1686, and by Simon Ockley in 1708. Ibn Tufail's work is mentioned in connection with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, which appeared in 1719, by many critics who either accentuate or repudiate its significance as a possible source. This study goes beyond the off-hand question of derivation to compare these two analogous books, not to take part in the long-standing dispute but to inquire into the premises it stands upon and investigate its motivating grounds. After pointing out the identical settings of two men each stranded on a desert island, this study proceeds to analyze the approach of each book to the relationship between man and Nature. In the process of mastering their environments, Hayy and Crusoe awaken to the providential presence behind natural forces and learn to regulate themselves within the divine scheme and to form strong relations with God. The narratives of Ibn Tufail and Defoe share a concern not only with their heroes' solitude but also with their attitudes toward society, which threatens their sense of individuality. Whereas Hayy prefers his solitary state to immersion in human society and remains on his island accompanied only by one faithful apostle, Crusoe eagerly sails back to the world of men, although he too adjusts poorly to the spirit of society and spends the rest of his life roaming the globe. Examining the technical aspects of Robinson Crusoe and Hayy Bin Yaqzan, their narrative methods, their chronological order, their structure, style, and delineation of character, the study concludes that although the two books belong to different genres, they are still more similar than ordinarily assumed. It also finds that the question of indebtedness, which may never be resolved, is less significant than the broader similarities in cultural, political, and religious circumstances which may be at work.